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320 pages Review by Denise Low Denise Lajimodiere (Turtle Mountain Chippewa) is a poet, jingle dancer, fabric artist, professor, and practitioner of mazinibakanige (birch bark biting in patterns). Now she adds the role of historian to her activities in this essential book about boarding schools. It includes new research, photographs, interviews with survivors, and her own experience as a child of parents who attended boarding schools. The boarding school system of the 19th and 20th centuries separated Native children from parents and tribal communities, often through force. They enacted assimilationist pedagogies on students as young as kindergarten age, and corporal punishment and other abuses were condoned. This amounted to a second war on Indigenous peoples, as boarding schools proliferated. “By 1887, about 14,300 American Indian children were enrolled in 227 schools,” Lajimodiere notes. The author provides a fold-out map of 366 known boarding schools and their locations.

United statesDenise lajimodiereDenise lowCarlisle indian boarding schoolUniversity of north dakotaIntermountain indian schoolMorris industrial school for indiansHaskell instituteBacone indian universityTribal college journalChilocco indian schoolGenoa indian schoolNorth dakota pressNorthern plains american indian boarding schoolTurtle mountain chippewaMorris industrial school