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Greenland ice sheet may halve in volume by year 3000

Greenland ice sheet may halve in volume by year 3000
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Ralf greveJapanese ministry of educationLeadership research grant categoryJapan society for the promotion of scienceHokkaido university institute of low temperature scienceInstitute of low temperature scienceHokkaido universityVisualization studioChristopher chambersLow temperature scienceIce sheet model intercomparison projectCoupled model intercomparison project phaseSixth assessment reportJapan societyLeadership research grantJapanese ministry

Of the same stripe: Turing patterns link tropical fish and bismuth crystal growth

Of the same stripe: Turing patterns link tropical fish and bismuth crystal growth
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United statesFrance generalPoitou charentesAlan turingHiroyasu katsunoSohail keegan pintoAharon kapitulnikKamran behniaYuki fuseyaInstitute of low temperature scienceDepartment of applied physicsAffairs divisionHokkaido universityResearch universityOsaka universityDepartment of engineering science

Ice core data show why air pollution is dropping more slowly in US and Western Europe despite lower sulfur emissions

Ice core data show why air pollution is dropping more slowly in US and Western Europe despite lower sulfur emissions The air in the United States and Western Europe is much cleaner than even a decade ago. Low-sulfur gasoline standards and regulations on power plants have successfully cut sulfate concentrations in the air, reducing the fine particulate matter that harms human health and cleaning up the environmental hazard of acid rain. Despite these successes, sulfate levels in the atmosphere have declined more slowly than sulfur dioxide emissions, especially in wintertime. This unexpected phenomenon suggests sulfur dioxide emission reductions are less efficient than expected for cutting sulfate aerosols.

United statesShohei hattoriYoshinori iizukaBecky alexanderTokyo institute of technology techInstitute of low temperature scienceHokkaido universityProgram grant numberUniversity of washingtonJapan society for the promotion of scienceJapan ministry of educationWestern europeTokyo instituteTokyo techJapan ministryJapan society

Ice Core Data Shows Why Air Pollution is Reducing Slower than Sulfur Emissions Reductions

Ice Core Data Shows Why Air Pollution is Reducing Slower than Sulfur Emissions Reductions Written by AZoCleantechJun 1 2021 Ice core data obtained from Greenland indicates why air pollution has been decreasing slower compared to reductions in sulfur emissions. The researchers in the drilling operation (left) and the drilled samples (right). Image Credit: Hokkaido University When cloud droplets turn out to be less acidic, the chemical reaction that converts sulfur dioxide into sulfate aerosol becomes more effective. These findings can enhance the models that predict climate change and air quality. In the United States and Western Europe, the air is much cleaner compared to how it was a decade ago. Low-sulfur gasoline standards and regulations on power plants have been successful in cutting sulfate concentrations in the air, thereby decreasing the fine particulate matter that tends to impact human health and cleaning up the environmental risk of acid rain.

United statesShohei hattoriYoshinori iizukaBecky alexanderProfessor of atmospheric sciencesTokyo institute of technology techTokyo institute of technologyInstitute of low temperature scienceHokkaido universityProgram grant numberUniversity of washingtonStudy coJapan society for the promotion of scienceJapan ministry of educationImage creditWestern europe

Key building block for organic molecules discovered in meteorites

E-Mail IMAGE: Photo of a piece of the Murchison meteorite that was used in this study. view more Credit: NASA Scientists from Japan and NASA have confirmed the presence in meteorites of a key organic molecule which may have been used to build other organic molecules, including some used by life. The discovery validates theories of the formation of organic compounds in extraterrestrial environments. The chemistry of life runs on organic compounds, molecules containing carbon and hydrogen, which also may include oxygen, nitrogen and other elements. While commonly associated with life, organic molecules also can be created by non-biological processes and are not necessarily indicators of life. An enduring mystery regarding the origin of life is how biology could have arisen from non-biological chemical processes, called prebiotic chemistry. Organic molecules from meteorites may be one of the sources of organic compounds that led to the emergence of life on Earth.

United statesGoddard space flight centerYasuhiro obaDaniel glavinJason dworkinLaboratory researchNature communicationsAstrobiology instituteSpace administrationInstitute of low temperature scienceHokkaido universityNational aeronauticsSimons foundationJapan society for the promotion of sciencePlanetary science division internal scientist funding programChicago field museum