Environmental, political, economic, and health disruptions in recent years have helped fuel concerns that too much interdependence through global value chains may be a problem. This column compares the relative effects of a domestic demand shock to those of a global value chain-related shock and concludes that engagement in global value chains allows unexpected shocks to
There is no doubt that the production of goods and services has become increasingly globalized since the 1970s, but this trend is one that is hard to measure. Ideally, the best way would be to use firm-level trade and census data across countries, but such data are very rare.
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank of the 19 European Union countries which have adopted the euro. Our main task is to maintain price stability in the euro area and so preserve the purchasing power of the single currency.