Fred Goldstein, who spent close to six decades as an organizer, educator, writer and thinker building Workers World Party, died in New York City on April 11 after a long illness. He was 84. In the decades following the counterrevolution of 1989-91 in the Soviet Union, Goldstein won international regard…
The struggle to desegregate America’s schools in the 1950s and ‘60s did not take place solely in the South Black students and their parents also boldly challenged segregated schooling in the North.
The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear challenges by Students for Fair Admissions to Harvard and the University of North Carolina's affirmative action policies.
Black History Month: Schools were segregated in the North, too
The battles of the civil rights era were also fought outside the Jim Crow South.
By Ashley FarmerUniversity of Texas at Austin
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Whether it’s black-and-white photos of Arkansas’ Little Rock Nine or Norman Rockwell’s famous painting of New Orleans schoolgirl Ruby Bridges, images of school desegregation often make it seem as though it was an issue for Black children primarily in the South.
Using the unifying strategy of Mae Mallory and the eight other Black mothers who made up the Harlem 9, the City Wide Committee for Integrated Schools calls for a school boycott in New York City on Feb. 3, 1964. Hundreds of thousands of parents, students and activists engaged in a protest of segregation and inequality in public city schools.
Whether it’s black-and-white photos of Arkansas’ Little Rock Nine or Norman Rockwell’s famous painting of New Orleans schoolgirl Ruby Bridges, images of school desegregation often make it seem as though it was an issue for Black children primarily in the South.
It is true that Bridges, the Little Rock Nine and other brave students in Southern states, including North Carolina and Tennessee, changed the face of American education when they tested the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision that mandated the desegregation of public education. But the struggle to desegregate America’s schools in the 1950s and ‘60s did not take place solely in the South. Black students and their parents also boldly challenged segregated schooling in the North.