Membrane fouling is a major challenge of membrane distillation when employed as a regenerator in liquid desiccant air-conditioning systems. The present work investigated the impacts of feed temperature and flow velocity on the occurrence of membrane fouling using a bench-scale direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system to regenerate a 27.5 wt% of lithium chloride (LiCl) solution. The membranes used at different operating conditions were characterized and compared by scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle measurement. The results showed that increasing feed inlet temperature significantly improved the DCMD regeneration capacity but reduced the membrane hydrophobicity. The DCMD operated at a higher cross flow velocity exhibited a higher propensity of membrane fouling. Membrane fouling tended to accumulate from loose LiCl crystals to a dense scaling layer with an increase in both feed inlet temperature and cross flow velocity. Membrane cleaning with deionized water w
NASF/AESF Foundation Research Project #120: Electrochemical Destruction of Perfluorooctanesulfonate in Electroplating Wastewaters: Full Progress Report
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Frontiers | Phytoplankton Drivers of Dissolved Organic Material Production in Colorado Reservoirs and the Formation of Disinfection By-Products
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Alongside rising global population levels is the continual development and expansion of various industries, including pharmaceuticals, refining and manufacturing.
In spite of their differences, each of these industries is responsible for a generation of extremely contaminated waters and has a vested interest in ensuring water quality.
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Both municipal and industrial wastewaters present considerable health risks to human health and also endanger the environment; thus, all wastewaters must be carefully treated and closely monitored before being discharged.
As the public continues to push for human health and environmental protection, wastewater discharge regulations are becoming more strict. Each country possesses its own wastewater governing body and various discharge limits, resulting in the development and use of a diverse range of monitoring methods.
Abstract
Groundwater is the dominant source of freshwater in many countries around the globe, and the deterioration in its quality by contaminants originating from anthropogenic sources raises serious concern. In this study, a scenario where groundwater is contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) from mining activities and/or sewage was envisaged, and the performance of a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system was investigated comprehensively for different compositions of the AMD- and sewage-impacted groundwater. Regardless of the composition, MD membrane achieved 98–100% removal of metals and bulk organics, while the removal of the selected micropollutants ranged between 80 and 100%. Effective retention of contaminants by the MD led to their accumulation over time, which affected the hydraulic performance of the MD membrane by reducing the permeate flux by 29–76%. When persulfate (PS)-mediated oxidation process was integrated with the DCMD, degradation of bulk organ