Reverse itself. We are going to turn back a little bit to the beginning of the american participation in the war and take that right through dday. The next time we will do the dday invasion. There are the bases in east anglia. It is only about 60 miles from london but it might as well be six centuries away. As i say in the book, it is shaped like a giant hachette aimed at nazi, germany. Flying across from here this is the closest in england that you can run a bomber operation. The fighter boys were down here. The british raf pilots and Bomber Command was north near york. I have this map in your book. It is pretty good although it is not in color. You have the ranges of the fighter aircraft. How far they could get roundtrip from england. That tells you the course of the year were. Air war. In the beginning, the americans could only do shallow penetration missions. If youre trying to knock out uboats then, and that is featured in the great film, 12 00 high. They are mostly british spitfi
Perhaps we would not have the interurban area. Also we can make a case that the interurban is the transition between steam railroads freight and the coming of the motor truck. To begin, the innercity road system was awful. We did talk about it that continued into the 20th century. To begin, the innercity road system was awful. We did talk about it that continued into the 20th century. We had that National Road that was financed by the federal government in the 1840s. It will not be there until the 1890s that there was this bicycle craze. Communities were being pressured to have better roads. Only going up into the suburbs. We have places like cleveland and philadelphia. There is a movement, and all weather road system prior to the coming of the automobile which is really from 1900 to 1905. Most american roads were my holes during the wet season and extremely dusty during the dry season. It was estimated that only about 5 of americas 2. 2 million miles of roads were actually all weather
It is certainly one of the least studied aspects of American Transportation history. And one that ime want you to keep in mind is that we can make the argument that trolley is the linkage betweens team railroad. Perhaps we would not have the interurban area. The we can make a case that interurban is the transition freightSteam Railroads and the coming of the motor truck. To begin, the innercity road system was awful. It thatalk about continued into the 20th century. We had that National Road that was financed by the federal government in the 1840s. It will not be there until the 1890s that there was this bicycle craze. Communities were being pressured to have better roads. Only going up into the suburbs. We have places like cleveland and philadelphia. , and alla movement prior to thesystem coming of the automobile which is really from 1900 to 1905. Roads were my ands during the wet season extremely dusty during the dry season. Only aboutmated that 2. 2 millionas miles of roads were act
Why we have this new perhaps replacement technology. So you may ask what is an interurban. Now, i know that you all took baby latin in high school, so interurban, between cities. Thats the kind of latin i actually remember from the early 1960s. So perhaps its time for me to just give you some visual images of an interurban. This is a brochure, as you can tell, 1907, that was sold to travelers in the greater new england area. And this is going to be the heartland of what we call rural trolleys, and rural trolleys are simply street Car Companies that have extended their lines out into the suburbs nearby villages or perhaps to an Amusement Park or to a cemetery, whatever. But this is the kind of early interurban car that was so ubiquitous. A summer car, looks like fun. You have those sweet summer breezes, and it is a way certainly to see the landscape. So this is the first type of interurban car. And note that it has an overhead, a pole that connects the traction motors with the power sou
In the latter part of the 1880s. And communities were being pressured to have better roads. Perhaps only going out into the suburbs. And we have places like cleveland and philadelphia that are installing brick roads. So there is a movement for a allweather road system, or at least in a limited sense, prior to the coming of the automobile, which really is about 1900, so 1905. Most american roads at the beginning of the 20th century, were mud holes during the wet season, and extremely dusty during the dry season. It was estimated that only about 5 of americas 2. 2 million miles of roads were actually allweather. In other words they were covered with broken stone, some type of gravel, even sand. Or in florida, with seashells. So to make a long story short, the road system was abysmal. And one good example comes from iowa. As of 1905, only 2 of the States Network of more than 100,000 miles of roads were improved. Or allweather, or semi allweather. And heres a comment that was made at this