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cases around the world we hear enough reports of forced prostitution here in germany but those are societies no go areas. and we wouldn't dream of buying products made by slaves would we. few people realize what goes on under the plastic roofs in the spanish. province of . greenhouses cover an area equivalent to eighty thousand soccer pitches here. fruit and winter vegetables are exported to other european countries. much of the produce goes to german supermarkets. the finnish graphic artist village hit a vine and took
a look inside the greenhouses and behind the scenes of a seemingly ideal world. more light on one and i now have the feeling that i commit an offense by just entering a supermarket recall as if i were a criminal myself recorders in the. ten years ago chitta vine and travelled extensively through spain and morocco he met a lot of people and heard their stories stories of illegal immigrants who were looking for a better life but ended up a slaves in the greenhouses of armenia. he's written a moving graphic novel called invisible hand. the boat crossing cost two thousand five hundred euros. the people who run up debts under the illusion they'll soon be able to earn enough to pay them off they risk their lives crossing the narrow strait between northern africa and spain in boats
that are sea worthy. for many days a dream of a better life already ends here in tragedy. those who do manage to reach europe often end up as slaves in the huge fruit and vegetable plantations and i maybe. just manage to eat it don't think that one thought crossed it was. the illegal workers are housed on waste with greenhouses used to stand. the soil is contaminated with pesticides or fertilizers and so that was sprayed here for decades tenacity of to also monitor and to they make their huts from things they find on the garbage you know my dear john karr can lie just the thought of a kiss to me that's got by come by calling. some forty thousand illegal immigrants work here in apparent. escape is almost
distributed disposable cameras and persuaded workers to photograph the situation they were in. thousands of photos were taken on which he based his drawing. as believe like your initial of the landowners in the traffickers have made a deal with your box office and not someone puts up money for a crossing me. for americans to call north african. people who come from further south these are huge sums of money to see your. money lover they're supposed to pay off their debts by working many take years before they can send any money back home some never manage it. anyone who is no longer able to work is deported the work has a force to spray pesticides without protective clothing illnesses a common some even die under the hostile plastic roofs there's no medical aid not
even clean water. the hygiene is atrocious nothing to do with a paradise on earth the team happy to stream dolphin. from. the spaniards on tourism i don't get to see the migrants and the migrants never manage to get away for as long as they live and your stories make sure it's not just the border it was this poor this is the need for workers dictates to the flom owners can sell work permits that bind these people to a certain employer so they can get away. with their trust by their debts. welcome bank of softness. slavery in modern day europe a continent proud of its humanistic values. divine and work caused a huge stir was translated into a number of languages and won numerous prizes. but did he change anything.
to we got a lot of feedback from european politicians. they wanted to know how to get more information. very effectively assured me that if she was receiving priority what he wanted at least to look good night and they wanted to make sure such things could not occur in europe as a part dela c.r.c. with us but as far as i know that was the end of it and on top of. one month it's actually returned. is slavery part and parcel of a global economy. it exists worldwide and the reports could fill a library full of graphic novel. by those who like to have savage consumers don't go that the myth that maybe they hear rumors but as long as food is cheap there's no quest for concern in here to rest of really the. many famous people are buried in london's westminster abbey.
they include charles darwin charles dickens and many others. the grave of william wilberforce is also here in eighteen zero seven after eighteen years of campaigning and opposing slavery he finally succeeded the first law banning the slave trade was passed after a ten hour parliamentary debate it's now bad the world over but what does that mean so in the world today we know there are about thirty eight million slaves. we need kevin bales on the channel islands of guernsey. the social scientist heads the wilberforce institute for the study of slavery and emancipation. bales is a renowned expert. when i first learned about modern slavery was back in the one nine hundred ninety s. and i picked up a leaflet at
a public event and this leaflet said there are millions of slaves in the world today and i looked at it and i thought that that can't be true everyone knows slavery is finished it finished in the nineteenth century. that claim led to years of research. bale's entered a parallel world that he didn't think could possibly even exist. and that began for me a process of digging into the issue to look at the numbers first and i discovered it was true and that led me to see many things that horrified me when i got into the field and began to meet people in slavery it's a very disturbing world the world that slaves live in. there are two basic differences between classic and modern day slavery it's now illegal and yet slaves of cheaper than ever before. we know this
through very clear research that's been done to show that in the past buying a slave was like buying a major piece of equipment like a big truck or a tractor or you know an investment and if you bought a slave you paid a lot of money it took a long time for them to pay off. the investment and and there were insurance policies to protect your slaves because they were worth the invest. in the south of the us a slave used to cost the equivalent of up to thirty thousand dollars in today's money. now in some areas of the world you can get a slave for just fifty dollars. and over population and provide new slaves and if they're no longer needed they can just be discarded. i can think of children that i've seen in nepal who are used to carry stone and if they fall down if they break
their leg they just leave them they just throw them away because it's too expensive to bring a doctor it's less expensive to buy another child. bails found slavery in many nations around the world. it's become a basic part of a global economy. where there's certainly a connection between modern slavery and the highest ranks of international companies in the exactly the same way that there's a connection between modern slavery and each one of us who are consumers so anyone along the supply chain and that includes the heads of big companies as well as us are linked to that slavery. india likes to be seen as a modern nation the world's largest democracy with a growing industry and prospering small scale companies. but behind the facade you
can encounter mediæval seen. allegedly there are seventeen to twenty million the slave. local aid organizations referred to sixty million. many dialects the untouchables traditionally born into slavery in india. supriya of us an activist with free the slaves is visiting a village community of former slaves. these people got a second chance and now live in freedom. but the aid organization leads an almost hopeless battle against a system of crime corruption and slavery in india slaves can be found in brothels and private homes rice mills factories and quarries on farms and especially often in brick works. the litter but it is searched and there are people who are
working with there are entirely in slavery one hundred person slaves and the reason for this is that this whole industry is huge and just controlled by a violent and threat and in order to control hundreds of people the slave owners threatened them. even while and they have killed people in slavery in the clintons . the slaves in the brickworks and other industries often fall victim to debt sometimes the equivalent of just ten or twenty euros often several generations of entire families are tricked into becoming slaves many of them are unable to read or write and have no financial oversight bonded labor was banned in india in one nine hundred seventy six but in this rural area no one seems bothered by that corrupt authorities make sure that's the case. cheap bricks mean cheap factory construction
costs and cheap products local slavery creates an economy that can produce chief export goods. house really looks like how we define sleeveless anybody who's held us physically on the islands are not paid are paid below minimum wage is and that's exactly what we witness when we were conducting this rescue operation the people were not paid they were physically confined they were under surveillance all the time the women were sexually abused the children were beaten and they were made to work as. the organization managed to free more than four thousand five hundred slaves in india from twenty thirteen to twenty fourteen and bring one hundred thirty slave holders to trial.
information sessions like this one aimed to warn people of the risk of slavery. but the toughest challenge is to offer prospects to those freed from slavery. some can return to their villages but others end up back in captivity. they have no choice either they become slaves or they starve. every rescue operation is really on. we do not know what will come out of it how far the people have come ha ha ha many years there have been slavery. all we know is that we have to organize them because it's them who quote sustained their freedom. the aid organizations are faced with millions of slaves and their work is getting harder. the current government has decided to
ignore the problem and keep silent about it as much as possible. india sees itself as a modern nation with a reputation to uphold. slavery just doesn't fit into a twenty first century society. the n.g.o.s that work against slavery around the world they are very similar. but they're also the most effective of all the organizations that do anything about slavery if you look and say who is bringing slaves to freedom who is freeing slaves the greatest number of slaves being freed is not by governments it's by the n.g.o.s sector. every year tens of thousands of children in india's poor northeastern states are sent into slavery under the eyes of the author at ease. they arrive in so-called children train. the traffickers receive the equivalent of about twelve
euros per child. connection of slave of the people in slavery to the person in the in the rich part of the world and there can be several ways that the supply chains connect us through carpets through food through fish through jewelry through shoes there's a lot of products that can come out of india and in doubt in our lives including tombstones. back in wealthy europe we've come to copenhagen. to meet danish journalist mickey mr r.t. . he came across a direct link between the slave work and the product on our daily shopping list chocolate. well actually it began in my local supermarket as a consumer i went down for buying
a chocolate bar and at the supermarket. there were seven chocolate bass they were actually the same judge just with different flavor and one of the chocolate had a fair trademark and i was just wondering ok you have seven chapters one is fair trade with about the six other chocolate by us are the on fair trade. in his search for the invisible hands that harvest the cocoa beans for our chocolate bars misrati traveled to west africa. ivory coast is one of the world's leading cocoa bean produces some eighty percent of the cocoa found in the chocolate sold in european supermarkets comes from here harvested by child slaves they come from even more. poor countries their neighbor countries like mali been
in a fast so need jack and all the surrounding countries so it's the children comes from countries with which are more poor and this is also the problem. in this area. according to one unicef report some two hundred thousand children are abducted in west africa every year. many become slaves illegal slave markets are held in the northern regions of ivory coast farmers can shop in the new workers. so. you can go to a market and you can buy children and you can also go to or even go to a plantation where where where where i did i actually did go to corporate jason and asking pretending that i want to buy their children from my own cocoa plantation
and he told me well yes just tell me what do you need and i will get some children from a book enough asio and i was hacking ok how much does it cost me and he told me two hundred and thirty euros and that was big without backing so you can get a children very easy two hundred and thirty euros and then you will have a child who can work for free in your cocoa fields in west africa. and we crave chocolate every german eats an average of eleven kilos of it a year. most of the cocoa beans come from west africa mainly ghana and ivory coast . parents hand over their children to traffickers forced by poverty and led astray
by false promises. when they go to the poor who feel most of them think that they will get a pain but they don't get. they are modern slaves in the scope of freeze so they try to ran away i have been meeting boys who ran their way who flee from the cocoa fields they were from mali for instance and they told me how they were beaten up every day and they succeeded to ran away from the cocoa fields but the n.r.a. able to go home for because going home is to what. this is a matter of poverty and the family thought they were. maybe earning money at the cocoa food so that problems go in hope. in two thousand and one in the
international cocoa agreement large firms such as nestle and mas agreed to ensure that child labor in the chocolate industry would be a thing of the past by two thousand and five. in twenty ten mr r.t. wanted to see if that was true. but nothing had changed. the plantations were full of child slaves he tried to get a statement from nestle for his film but they declined. so he started an offensive he traveled to switzerland to nestle's headquarters to provoke a response and they came without hesitation. and there weeks after i remembered that i got some calls from my german or broadcasters
because they were contacted by the nestle headquarter in frankfurt and dates wired to close down the film they were asking a question for the for the german television how could we do this film and blah blah blah and the german my german broadcaster they said everything is ok all the facts are ok so we are running and broadcasting the film which was very important of course for me but they tried to stop the film. in certain ways the documentary entitled the dark side of chocolate became an international success the company's promise to improve things and announced aid projects mistrusts he wanted to show in a. second film that things had indeed changed but his application for a visa for ivory coast was rejected. so it's as off money at
big big business so the government don't think that a guy like me should come to interfere with the business because they are doing a very close cooperation with for instance nestle which is very powerful in ivory coast they have been nestle has been in ivory coast more than fifty years so there is a close relationship between the government in ivory coast and nestle on the other side. finally he managed to secure an interview with nestling they denied all knowledge and promised to intervene the film was screened the world over except in switzerland the home of nestle. this research broadcaster i think were afraid of nestle to show this film i do not have to prove but they boarded they knew before what the firm was about and
they also had the copy of the film so. i think in my opinion i think they was afraid of nestle in switzerland and didn't dare to show it. the manufacturers don't want us to see the dark images that large behind the glossy packaging. but as long as there is no fair trade label it remains unclear under what conditions our chocolate is pretty just. world today slavery is absolutely one part of the global economy why are slaves today so inexpensive why is the price of a human being why are people to suppose of all and one of the key reasons is because of the global population explosion in the past there were simply not
enough people to be enslaved so the price was high it's supply and demand there was a low supply demand was high prices were high today there are we believe about six hundred million people in the world who are vulnerable to enslaved to it to be slaves. research of this kind can be dangerous take french journalist. for example. he also researched the cocoa industry in ivory coast. when he arranged to meet a source he was abducted and disappeared without a trace his body was never found. i think that we should all be realizing our should be easy to see that if we leave the the world up to to be run by the market it will be run by the people who are willing to be the most cruel and the most brutal. because of course that is the way
to make the most money if you don't care about if you don't care about if it's julan making your product or slay. larry or you know you are you ruling the environment or so on i mean of course it's easier to make make a profit from that. we also met up with filmmaker frank p.s. ikey paulson in copenhagen. another product led him to slavery in two thousand and seven he read in a un report about the links between mobile phones and the war in the democratic republic of congo. it involved call time from african mines which is essential for mobile phones. can make the same kind of film about the shoes that i'm wearing. jeans of the shop the food that we are eating for me this is just one example of how much our way of life is depending on other people suffering. powerful and took several trips to the largest and most notorious mines in eastern
d.r. . he spent days walking along a desolate jungle trail a treacherous undertaking u.n. representatives had repeatedly warned him that this could be a suicide mission. and this was the way you know entering the gate with all this has. been driving a lot of people working out in the slums of nairobi and so on and been in war you know areas with armed conflicts in many places but i've never seen anything like this this was really like hell on earth. five years ago this place was only jungle . today between fifteen to twenty five thousand people live and work here. there's no problem. as joseph conrad once described torture murder and the craze for ivory in his novel heart of
darkness it's now the greed for call time from which tantalum is one. of the mines a largely controlled by mercenaries and rebel military units. yeah ok. then i was looking. at this was so. powerful managed to enter the mine shaft with his camera penetrating deep into the dark heart of africa the delivers the material for our smartphones that. actually armed groups what they do is that. the just to control the mine in that
sense that everybody's going in and out have to pay tax you know they call it tax so you have to pay to get in and you have to pay to get out and the the life expenses inside the mining area are so extremely high because everything is text all the food everything that is coming in everything is carried out through the jungle from far away so the price of of a meal or something to drink is extremely high or even a place to sleep you have to pay so much money so so the people inside the area that they can't afford to get out because they have to use all the money they make just to survive. for thirty years kind of modern day slavery in some minds the workers receive little. they just enough for food some of them voluntarily because they have no choice other minds keep them captive as slaves. we would see these children come out some of them was you know it was not like
small children but it would be like boys of eleven twelve thirteen years old and they would come out of these holes looking like pieces of art because they had so much much under faces and this would dry and then more would come on so they looked like you know really they looked like some statue or something and they were doing like this with their eyes because they came out in the sun for the first time after being down there sometimes for several days at the time. and the holes are constantly falling collapsing and people would nobody would care to take them out. so every month people would die and one. like me strong who investigated the dark side of chocolate house and found the hardest part was getting an interview with the manufacturers. he tried to contact nokia a company that likes to be seen as a shining example of social responsibility. so really this is kind of weird that
you can not get. you know for a whole year i couldn't get anybody on the phone who could just discuss the possibilities of getting an interview which is kind of strange when it's a phone company you know that you can get them on the phone. finally after twelve months a nokia representative consented to be filmed. the result the same excuses and promises made by nestle the company said it couldn't control which mines deliver the wrong material but that it would do its best. there are some one hundred forty million mobile phones in germany in twenty fourteen about two billion mobile phones were sold worldwide only the u.s. has passed legislation forcing companies to show where they obtain what are known as conflict minerals but the law only make sure that the proceeds of the raw
materials don't go towards funding conflicts slave labor isn't mentioned so let's think about a country like gone there we have hundreds of thousands of people in slave mining gold that gold flows directly into the garden a an economy going a and government the government of ghana makes a lot of taxes from this gold it comes out into the criminal economy. slave gold if you ends up on our fingers in our jewelry and no one's doing really anything about that and that applies to lots of other countries in africa.
this place but it was from. a slave like conditions one person has so much control over another person that they can force them under certain circumstances to work on a construction site or in a brothel we say slave like conditions the legal term is human trafficking mentioned. used to be confined mainly to forced prostitution but these days investigators come upon slave like situations in germany's industrial and service sectors most of those affected are here illegally the judicial and customs office already seem unable to control human trafficking effectively the criminals have a well organized network their victims are intimidated by violence and are unaware of their rights they often refuse to testify. and of cases of slavery from many different sectors in germany the construction industry meat processing factories the food service sector and household and cast
services without but other sectors are also affected and they often due to name one example taking newspaper sellers titles because kevin bales has set up a slavery index germany is listed as having around ten thousand five hundred people classified as slave workers only a small percentage come to light in official investigations. died. beate mushroom yeah and i do thousand and thirteen for example we have fifty one investigations where the final results concerning human trafficking with exploitation and four hundred twenty five concerning sexual exploitation and it's only a very small percentage of the human trafficking in germination handlin doj land is . false promises confiscated i.d.'s threats of violence some of the victims that get set free under ported victim protection remains a political problem although the e.u. has issued clear guidelines. that hyphen bashfully anything in this menu
document for example it says victims of human trafficking are entitled to compensation in germany if they fall victim here the state must compensate them for we need a law to enforce this but there's no such thing at the moment and bit at. christophe's is germany's commissioner for human rights. we asked him if the question of enslavement of african migrants in southern spain has ever been raised at a political level. but was going to have to admit i'm not aware of and become. the commissioner is supposed to represent the german government's stance on human rights worldwide. he can issue protests but that's all you can let us in isn't dog i just came back from indonesia i was the first senior foreign politician who was allowed to fly to papua new guinea i don't remember when
i last heard pop or new guinea mentioned in the german media and in the indigenous people there are being flattened by industrial projects they have no rights there is a culture of impunity with. i thought i'd go and see how things are for myself. and i informed our partners and they said yes we're doing our best partner. you know it's the same story every day. lead us into. it's also the same story every day in the offices of german watch it's volunteers analyze the current numbers of human rights violations by german companies worldwide. final and when he visited moscow a survey by the university of maastricht looked into a data bank on accusations made against companies the business and human rights data bank dot org thoughts and more than eight hundred allegations against companies have been made there over the past ten years and eighty seven were made
against german companies and that puts germany at fifth place in allegations concerning human rights violations by companies in the delivery check. back in twenty eleven the un issued guiding principles on business and human rights but their implementation has been delayed here in germany now a national plan of action approved in twenty fourteen is supposed to change that. but there's opposition from the business wing of the governing coalition. people there call for voluntary commitments. but haven't human rights always taken a back seat when it comes to economic or strategic interests. no government ever believes on human rights they always follow on human rights and if you look at the history of governments and slavery you discover that throughout all
of human history but especially in the last two hundred years slavery is always a second level it's always the never the first and most important issue for a government so if there is diplomatic reasons commercial reasons political reasons military reasons to ignore slavery governments will ignore slavery. in the nineteenth century britain was a leading example when it came to freeing people from slavery but british firms processed cotton picked by slaves in the us the enter said they had to buy the cheapest cotton available to remain competitive and the government backed economic interests. there was an enormous controversy about this many people were saying we should stop this other people were saying it's it's legal in that country it was the same kinds of arguments that people will even have today about should we buy from the developing world even when people may be in bad
situations isn't it helping them and so forth. a look at a map of modern day slavery reveals the shocking number of products made by slaves . consumer goods services and draw materials are embedded in global commodity flow. content parcel of an international economic system from which we all benefit. kevin bales has referred to modern day slaves as despite. simple people cheap commodities who are denied their basic rights. he blames world politics and the companies that profited from slave labor. and. i have seen the bodies of slaves who have been murdered in brazil after their one month at slavery and i've seen the bodies of slaves and to have been killed for wanting to
be free i think it's important to say the heads of those companies where slavery is is infiltrating is finding its way into their supply chain they are more responsible than a consumer because they are making their profits and their living from these products. they're black and living in germany. she is reminded what that means on
a daily basis presenter john updike has nothing to add to blend in and i was. taken college group and being you know different than the rest she travelled across germany to meet other black people and to hear their stories. it's that. i grew up in a white family in a white neighborhood it was definitely a challenge. she decided to put me up for adoption as donna was. the main thing was to keep your head down and your mouth shut of course of the baseline . yes i could never completely disappear if you see all these stereotypes about africa it's good to see you. do something for your country but you're still the black guy with a. afro germany starting december tenth d w.
WorldSlavesGermanyAreasReportsProstitutionCasesSocietiesWe-wouldnt-dream-of-buying-productsPeopleAreaGreenhousesabout environmental degradation. first in nigeria in the country around just to be precise it's a wetland area where they also used to be mined say now and the governments and local organizations are trying to create new jobs by helping people set up face fox let's go take a. chill my okafor does what she loves the most nature watch him she runs a conservation organization in a former mining area near the city of just one of the projects of the even creation care initiative is a fish from commercial business includes a vision ism is a perfect fit for careful the site has an old team mine insights alice transform into a fish farm in one thousand nine hundred six to produce fish for commercial purposes there was a change in management and left to deteriorate but we have come into management and
aim is to raise fish and because of the. the fish farm breeds primarily catfish until last year the fish right on organic feed this wet mud for example attracts insects they lay their eggs in it. bred in small prawns the fish will later be transferred to these larger food. monitoring the mole is michael dunn jima. today is checking the water levels if you also make sure the fish are not full free to local coaches. in the. us you know all their farms different inside. well we doesn't have anything to do with them. so enjoying in the habitat is good for the eden creation care initiative also includes the plants nursery the seedlings
will be planted around the pond and in a nearby forest the aim is to restore a landscape destroyed by hundred years of mining students regularly participate in data collection and bird ring game to discover new species sure mocha four is grateful for every helping hand some of the data we have collected are from birds plant and insects for the insects we identify the insects found in the farm and all the data being in the lice and reports to be made from it and hopefully will make scientific reports pay pass that could be plugged published in journals as well okafor has always had an interest in nature and wildlife and interest she's eager to pass on to her son she firmly believes that a healthy environment is vital for healthy living conditions driven by i believe that good place humans on earth to take you of the environment she sees our work as
simply doing her duty. we hope that our project concept of us aparna project true which we can get a template i went through train all the fish from those who could go into conservation apple culture as. after six months the fishes saw at the local market in joss it's an organic and affordable protein rich food for charm okafor this is just the first step she hopes to one day find the funds to expand the project to the neighboring community. no smell no no ice no days no admissions i mean ferry has gone into service on the rebound with sally connecting germany on one side i love the other one special about the ferry. is that it is by electricity.
you know that ferries can go green. ships are responsible for almost four percent of global climate change emissions german company. is doing something about it. it manufactures electric ferries. such as the santa maria ferry that traverses the mosul river. it doesn't need any petrol it doesn't emit smelly fumes and it's silent. electric batteries as well as solar energy keep the ferry going the whole day. forty five passengers and several cars fit on the santa maria. it's slightly more expensive than the usual ferry but it's worth it. the electric drive saves
fourteen thousand liters of petrol every year. and above all it keeps the air clean. if you're also do you a bit tell us about it. this is our website or send us a tweet. tag doing your bit here your stories. not cuts used to be a fishing village and home to a few hundred since it became the capsule of. the population of. a minute. and he faces so many environmental problems sea level is rising the cost is eroding a lots of sand hasn't removed from the june for use in construction weakening defenses against the ocean sharon is a whole city going to be washed away i fervently hope not environmentally is that
doing that best to protect the city they're getting young people involved and walking to stabilize the coast on the dunes let's take a look. alone palm tree among rows of dusty buildings trees and plants in general a rare here making shade a luxury in the mauritanian capital. those seeking respite from the beating sun have no choice but to huddle in the thin shadows cast by buildings. but that's all about to change at least in this street. a group of local young people are set on completely redesigning it. they've developed a model for the street as they foresee it. that. make the city green is a project run by the city's cultural center together with a german development agency. that nearly suggested
planting trees in the streets. they'll provide shade but if we put benches around them that also provide a place where skilled pupils to hang out together so i do also discussing a possible ban on cars driving down the roll out in your corner when i come up with how i did that if they are what you thought he wanted their carry on and worth and . the problem is that people here chop down trees for their animals which isn't good. here so that. there's a lack of understanding here that trees and plants are important for the climate and when i love that we're going to ask is the city council needs to start doing its bit to clearing away the rubbish and spreading awareness about the issue is that to be. a new uk shot has many other problems to deal with the city is built on a salt flood large parts of it are below sea level and when it rains here it pours turning the dusty ground into a huge lake and streets into rivers not look problem. i'm not sure that our main
concerns used to be siltation but since two thousand and nine because of climate change the water itself has become an issue we've had flooding here that's covered eighty percent of the city water is now our biggest problem and the people of the cut you want to impact the policing. of the young activists have collected photos documenting the flooding mixed up with trash and sewage it's a breeding ground for disease. heavy rains are becoming more common here and pushing up groundwater levels the water literally gushes up from below into the city. and there's another threat to new york shot along the atlantic coast close to the city. for years the german development agency g.-i said has been working with local n.g.o.s to try and curb this homegrown problem with. large amounts of sand have been removed for use in construction work toward
a newer chart has expanded massively in recent years it's only really existed since one thousand nine hundred ninety eight and back then it had a population of just five hundred today it's one million which has meant a lot of sand being removed for building work that's created gaps in the dunes and leveled them so those that we still have need to be stabilized. tamarisk bush's have now been planted on fifty hectares of genes they're extremely tough and able to cope with the salty water and the lack of nutrients in the sunday ground. their job is to reinforce the dunes and protect new york chart from the dangers of rising sea levels. but it's only a city of venice is known for its beauty the renaissance by listeners its rich cultural heritage but it is in danger the two million tourists in the historic city every year extremely large cruise ships are a problem if a ship drops anchor the water in the commodes moves about twenty centimeters this
has disastrous effect on the wooden bases of venice's buildings a local pressure group has italy to take action. every time talk i'd paolo put up so crosses the reality bridge he can't help but wonder where did his charming city go one that's now overrun with millions of tourists how can vanish protect itself from the onslaught he's sure this piece of world cultural heritage won't survive as a photo backdrop alone. and that of my love for the city makes me seek out places and people who are keeping venice alive. because there are enough people who are doing the opposite and steering the city into trouble and waters. because they get up and then go to. but like most venetians paolo lives from tourism. he now conducts special tours to draw attention to the city's
problems like in his own district where rents are rising as flats are used as holiday homes driving venetians out. the cruise ships are also a huge problem activists to follow micheletti is outraged not only did these huge vessels flood the city with day trippers that also threatening the city's very foundations. the movement of the ship's propellers has a piston effect. churned up all the clay and so from the lagoon floor causing it to be gradually washed into the open sea. as a result venice a city built on wooden platform is slowly sinking and could eventually be completely submerged but micheletti isn't giving up his citizens' initiative has managed to prevent further cruise ships coming into venice. on the bus and on the
surface when a ship like that goes by the water level in the nearby canal sinks by around twenty centimeters and then rises again straight away due to displacement this hugely powerful force away at the foundations of all the palaces churches and bridges. but not everyone in fairness is happy about micheletti initiatives the paltalk thora ts invested millions of euros in modern cruise terminals now due to the success of the protests only half of them can be used. for four years we've been listening to these fears that our ships could even plow right into venice i can only keep reassuring people even with the biggest ships the chances of that happening are zero. nevertheless in the future large vessels weighing one hundred thousand tons or more will be diverted to a neighboring industrial port leaving the historic center and water taxis but it will take years for the port to be ready and there are still issues concerning our
pollution. so for now nothing's really changed. every year there are still thirty million tourists who swarm fantasist fifty five thousand residents. but of the cemented this paradoxical but the best tourist for venice is the one who stays at home. we're more than full with thirty million visitors a year the learn. something radical has to happen to reduce the number of visitors and the venetians will have to sacrifice some tourist dollars if they want to save their beloved city. back to africa in kenya santis from a british university have set up a pilot project in the countryside the project called song provides energy even far from lads grieve the experts from the university of laugh in central england
walk together with the residents to install a local solar greed the people often. get lighter that does not rely on viral mentally helpful kerosene and electricity from the sun and even cheaper. is a self-taught electrician. until recently his only reviews are old bees. well now he knows a thing or two about lithium ion batteries. like this one to his abilities are not the problem of the better as i don't know nor do i but when i put the buzzer and the disgust loys. beeping sound. williams works the carrier is new power station which is swallowed by rooftop solar panels and it is stored in large batteries in
a central hub cables transport power to standard cells which provide electricity for the village of smaller batteries. twenty percent of the households in a career i was gripped with batteries all of us are on the way to invest. the project was launched by two british university. damon thrusters a battery specialist from oxford explains how to update a battery software. the new batteries are ready for testing and eventually they'll utilise use knocked of batteries which is more cost effective and environmentally friendly. and once they're programmed the batteries will need further updates. these guys are doing hard core repairs where they're taking chips off and putting new new electronic components on when we go to using used batteries more or refurbishment where you can easily take a battery sell out and put
a new one in colleagues and caroline hansen wants to take a look at the battery years on the site. user feedback is key for further project development. connect into the national power grid is too expensive for most of the villages and very one juror couldn't afford the one hundred fifty euro price tag plus another monthly fee for power consumption of. the rooftop solar cell can't even power three. d. he might be in the bulbs that i received a much brighter than the one i had before and the battery is an easy time. in the air now when i love the. committee meeting in the village provides feedback. people were expecting.
he is only half a minute. for most villages the batteries can only power the light bulbs and radius so we are taking and the must be continually reaches. up now in fact they don't have enough power so we have agreed that they are going to recharge and bring more power to help the community that change from england will develop more powerful batteries in the coming months but first they'll have to solve some technical problems in the system. then all users will contribute about four euros a month into the village electricity community project manager john henry says it takes about five years for the investment to pay for itself and then the local power station going on through the community it's already been able to acquire an electric incubator and a grain mill that the villages can vent these business services create an income
stream that income stream cannot be used to pay for the costs of the of the capital building the having the fast pace of buying all this equipment and for the continual expansion a maintenance of the system when i'm curing services the million devices it's much too small to meet launched unmanned many sonas consecrating instead they still drive into the city to have the. most the project generates more revenue they'll be able to get a larger. when kerry is already thinking about ways to use the green electricity they generate in the village for commercial use it's. now we had west a semi go where people are trying to take fate into their own hands when it comes to fighting climate change and environmental degradation mt knows them all that's right sharon local organizations called dimitrov clubs are being set up in san
diego and several other countries in africa where women man and young people come together to work on bringing about change in their communities one example might be developing a project to protect the soil from the erosion let's take a look at how these clubs work. and and sat in and we've been invited to a meeting by the chief of sorry booboo village there already for demitra clubs here there are two thousand across africa set up and funded by the united nations food and agriculture organization and the global environment facility the discussion groups help promote participation and initiative within village communities. encourages the women to speak out it's still unusual for them to have a say in policy. today the young women's club is discussing a proposal made by the young men to build stone barriers to stop soil erosion see
what i mean we'll talk about everything that affects the village with younger and older men equally. and even more importantly how we present our point of view at the village assembly along with other demitra. where our opinion is taken into consideration for decisions about adults community i mean that's the biggest challenge before we had no say at all on matters in the village. i am. sorry booboo with its one hundred sixty residents laws of the distance from the big cities. many of the crops are ready for harvesting but once again there wasn't enough rain which means not enough corn when it does rain the water rushes over the barren soil deforestation has left the soil loose and easily washed away. that's the topic of discussion at this village meeting opened by the chief.
one after another the four demitra clubs present their opinions and proposals. not all the villages in the region have been willing to join the project but here the young people like oh not too dim have made a lot of progress. well i'm cool wouldn't you. say you know the environment has become an important issue in the village since the club started. we have to keep everything in and around our homes clean. without high job and there's no help and there's a community and we've made sure we keep our wells in better condition otherwise we have no water during periods of drought not for us nor for the communal gardens look we've already found solutions to these issues he yelled at in your report. the next day they start building the stone dikes to contain the rain water that flows through the aim is to make the soil around their village fertile again. one m g o
two jell-o. supervises the more than sixty demitra clubs in the region he's managed to enlist the local farmers association to help the villagers set up the system of trenches. nearly all the small channels that collect rainwater from the surroundings and up here it's like a delta and evil at this point the water has enough force to wash away the fertile soil from the cultivated land. and. soon they'll plant trees here to restore the areas around the village the head of the dimeter project in senegal says this is an ideal case the two biggest challenges for the villages are getting local authorities to help and sourcing materials. yeah. and the but died before in the long term there has to be a direct exchange of information between the village communities and the authorities
so that they can also find out what's happening on the ground. that's also a challenge for the dimitrov clubs and making themselves known to authorities and pushing their ideas and plans without us coordinators. a lot going on this is a pity so. the two young demitra club leaders from sorry booboo have been invited to take part in a chat show at a community radio station. a mother of four is asked to tell how they cleaned up the village after the rain swept garbage into their homes and connected dam talks about the brief rainy season and his dried up cornfields with. demitra club leaders hope that local radio stations will help spread their ideas and efforts to other villages. so. that's all for today on eco at africa we hope that you have been inspired to help protect the environment to find
out more about the show second at our website my name is sharon the money if buy from me in nairobi kenya and if you are involved in not environmental project i would like to share your story getting in touch with mail social media thank you for watching and i look forward to seeing you again next time on court africa. bye bye from lagos nigeria.
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this is how germany's roads look these days too much traffic exhaust fumes and noise conventional auto mobility is reaching its limits. electric cars are meant to be part of the solution quiet and supposedly clean but how are the raw materials for their rechargeable batteries obtained. take lithium for instance. sit on the young men eons and millions of euros but they sacrifice human life if they sacrifice animals physically they sacrifice life says a goofy color read a good cobalt is also essential nearly two thirds of the cobalt produced won't wide comes from the democratic republic of congo it's mined in shops like this one remark that others are prosecuted sekula the work is really very dangerous there are accidents on. every day on the sites it. is electro mobility not as
clean as we all think it is. the. transport planners are pinning their hopes on electric cars they're still fairly rare but that's set to change soon. mobility researchers stephanie cutter is convinced of that. big enough on our stuff we assume that starting in the mid twenty twenty years we can expect at least fifteen percent of new vehicles registered to be electric vats would be fifteen to twenty million a newly registered electric vehicles in twenty twenty five yards one difference one says you know it's. millions of electric cars powered by rechargeable batteries weighing hundreds of kilograms they contain rare minerals manganese graphite cobalt
and lithium each battery contains from twenty to thirty kilos of lithium carbonate . here deep underground lies the lithium that german car makers depend on the atacama desert in chile one of the driest places on earth. this allowed the atacama a huge salt flats lies in the north on the country's borders to argentina and bolivia. its surface is encrusted with salt for kilometers on end. but deep in the ground there's mineral rich water and that's where the lithium is to be found. this mine extracts the ultra light metal pumps bring the salt water from the ground up to the surface it ends up in huge pools. in the heat of the desert the water evaporates the pools in this
mine alone cover forty four square kilometers. a landscape of evaporation pools stretches all the way to the horizon. it takes five months for the water to become a viscous substance. it contains about six percent lithium. tank trucks take the concentrate to a factory. there it will be processed further to make lithium carbonate. the mine uses enormous amounts of groundwater. about twenty one million liters every day. but the atacama
desert is already one of the driest places on earth brain almost never falls here. still where there is water there's life the small oases around the salt flats have been settled for millennia people here have always been good at rationing valuable water. a few crops a few goats that's their livelihood. jose to let is ninety two every day he still works in his garden there's more sand than soil in the ground he tells but when there's water his plot there's fruit. right began in new york has ploughed fakes even oranges normally everything grows year. after her brood. he can still live from the
fruits of his labor yet but water is becoming scarcer all the time. we have very little water it was came from the canal. but look at this now there's no more water flowing for it we're going to get our. farmer christiane spindler is also worried that soon nothing will grow here. but this used to be a small oasis there were people here animals and fields. if but it was paradise but we had enough water for life animals pure nature. would an. attack on us farmers no longer have a future to stand as spindle is sure the lithium mines are at fault. it was a cool everything's a hardship because the mining companies to pump out the groundwater they've dried
out the village. on the mining companies of course there's it's death the german car makers need huge amounts of lithium the impact here is dramatic this is in a little over the moon you people at the other end of the world you should know this they produce lithium and make victims of us they earn millions and millions of euros but they sacrifice human life on this. sacrifice animals if you like sacrifice life. you know i mean that's how the world is and nobody cass in wonder if bessie. and ivy. the indigenous farmers on the atacama salt flat face an uncertain future. more and more new evaporation pools are being built. chile aims to more than
quadrupled its lithium production by twenty twenty five to up to three hundred fifty thousand tonnes a year mainly because of the rising demand from carmakers. but resistance against mining is increasing as it is here the away says village of paina lies on the southern rim of the salt lot there are mines everywhere. sasha cool below is captain of the local football team he's also head of pain his indigenous community for millennia these people have lived in the few places where there's water then the chilean government sold the water rights oh. but upward been able to make money they suddenly guaranteed all the water rights to the mining companies we build your sometimes have to turn off our water so that we have some for the next day. would be a word for that we don't understand how people can have no water while the mining
companies keep wasting it to meet a continuous who has no money. but it's not just humans here who are affected by the mines so are the flora and fauna on the salt lakes they're home to various species of flamingo the birds feed on tiny algae and crustaceans lithium mining is threatening that ecosystem. my ologist matilda lopez from the university of santiago has no doubt about that she and her coworker jorge are travelling to salt like today even from her car she can see that things have changed. when it comes. just so good. i'm worried about the large area of dried up lagoon on this side so this out all the places where you now see only salt used to have water i was told there were no salt flats here so if there was water i wanted. to eat matilda lopez started her research in the early
one nine hundred eighty s. back then everything was in order then the lithium mines came. and more and more water was pumped out that caused the groundwater table to sink and with it the water levels in the lagoons. did out that has an impact on the small animals and plants the flamingos feed on and when the endian flamingo becomes extinct so will the fox the final link in the future. hello it will be with no intellect. so it's not just the majestic birds that are affected the salt lagoons are a multifaceted ecosystem in the otherwise inhospitable atacama desert some animals
exist nowhere else in the world the water table is sinking this lagoon is becoming saltier and the biologists measurements bear that out. the scientists find scarcely any small organisms in their samples but the flamingos depend on them and. with the unfettered backgammon the sonata atacama used to be home to the largest population of indian flamingos in the high end these cornish with the lithium mining that's now planted the flamingos won't survive get the money go. for millennia nature was in equilibrium here then industrial countries needed rechargeable batteries for their smartphones and clean cars what followed was a lithium rush. some tagal the two lane capital raw materials account for about a third of chile's economic output they play important foreign currency into the
country but it's money from which the city of santiago mainly benefits. chile's minister of mining has no intention of giving up the income generated by lithium. illegal lithium is a natural resource that's currently in high demand for electoral mobility and it boosts the national economy. by i should learn from other countries that have not sacrificed their environment for these resources by a security nonsense if you go you know i think environmental protection a mining can be compatible if companies invest in the latest technology. be the internet over here. mathilde allopathic doesn't believe new technologies can be of any help she says the effects of mining in the outcome of desert are too severe
even today. she's already worried about what she might find on her next visit to the salt flat . folks wagons transparent factory in dresden is a showcase for electro mobility the world's biggest carmaker is making its new here the company aims to be the market leader in electric cars by twenty twenty five. the factory made collets transparent but v.w. is less so when asked. where the lithium for its batteries originates. please kindly notes that we cannot comment on our suppliers or sub suppliers as the information is competitively sensitive. b.m.w. in contrast does at least admit that lithium from chile is used in its e-commerce
and invoices responsibility for the local environment. we always choose our suppliers based on the strictest criteria where sustainability is concerned. and. locally there's no sign at these statements have any effect german carmakers are faced with a dilemma right now they're dependent on lithium from chile for in vehicles but there may be an environmentally friendly alternative in the long term. that's because there are deposits of the valuable light metal in the all mountains that straddle the czech german border once ten was mined in these pits soon miners will be digging full of him. at least that's what i mean lit up plans to do he's head of the dutch lithium company he wants to start next year. just for the act was not the project must be carried out soon because the current wild market prices of
lithium and lithium compounds are very high. the sooner the product is on the market the more we can take advantage of these our prices and more money is coming for people. who really needs the high prices to make underground mining financially viable. exploratory drilling has been successful according to military relations the lithium reserves would be enough for some ten million cars but environmentally friendly mining would still have to overcome several obstacles. and environmental protection regulations are very strict in germany as they should be stricter than other regions on earth like south america of course those restrictions will make mining more expensive. so perhaps lithium from germany could replace at least some chilean lithium.
but there's another raw material that german car makers urgently need for their aleck trivia cause cobalt the batteries contain between ten and fifteen kilograms of the metal. nearly two thirds of the world's production comes from a single country the democratic republic of congo. president joseph kabila rules with an iron hand one way he funds his regime is by selling cobalt. this is where it comes from the mining city of coal raese in the south of the de r.c. some five hundred thousand people live here. in the city sits on a huge deposit of cobalt or it's excavated in a mine on the city limits that belongs to
a chinese company. there are only a few jobs for local residents many have to make do with what they can scavenge on the slag heap. practically none of the money german car makers pay for cobalt arrives in co ways. very few people have clean water. there's no sewage system. no waste disposal. everywhere in the city there's dirt and refuse but the locals also want to profit from the kobo. in a minute call way z.
about five thousand men are searching for the coveted mineral on their own with him are many children. manuel and his men are here every day they've been digging in their shaft for three years. we don't have a license to look for cobalt here when we've sold this or we bribed the mine supervisors and the police they leave us alone just let you know if you want. they have no professional equipment just cheap headlamps they go down barefoot and with no safeguards it's a vertical drop of forty five meters. with. them and they use their hands and feet to support themselves on the walls of the shaft.
so. the only way forward. down in the mine is crowned and stuffy. are the ones. with. the miners hack at the rock with rudimentary tools then they scoop the cobalt bore into socks. or. i'm. sure there will be i believe after just a few minutes where the air is full of cobalt dust it's highly toxic and causes severe lung damage. without face masks breathing becomes increasingly difficult to . come with. at least six men are needed to pull the sacks up to the surface. but it's exhausting work. a
little to. one of. the rocks contain about eight percent cobalt you know the men are risking their lives day in day out for a battery component. while much of what the mixed doubles people die from accidents than other chefs because they take no safety measures but we had to separate the risks so we've been fine because when you come up to me that you know. what you're up to twenty percent of the cobalt from the d.r.s. comes from these small mines that get dug somehow somewhere. because you know at the other end of. cobalt was discovered here four years ago.
the entire village is now virtually riddled with mines every few meters there's a shaft that goes deep into the earth often right next to the huts where people live. but the cobalt rush has scared. all to leap is one of those who wanted to make big profits from cobalt because. it didn't happen. to see any life here in the mining area is extremely tough all we want to do is leave but we have no money stuck in the mud hut he shares with his wife and their two children is about eight square metres in size two tiny rooms no electricity no water. no toilet.
lugo bowker is a very dangerous place especially for the children there are deep shafts everywhere my wife always has to stay with the children so they don't fall in but yet some of that and now she's pregnant or not feeling well that makes it difficult you know but yeah well. the shots pose a deadly danger for the children. not . descending into the mines is also hazardous but the men are glad to have any work at all and earn at least a little money. and they do it even though the shafts could collapse at any time. during.
the run containing the or is extremely porous. but. three of those were first year the work is really very dangerous there are accidents almost every day on the sides because the soil is so unstable and instability was you tell a government doesn't help us at all be registered with the system pursued. everywhere in the village there are shops that have collapsed time and again workers are buried alive. the men are underground from morning till evening despite that the money often doesn't even cover the most basic necessities like.
softball children only go to school if their parents can pay if not they stay at home or if they are they help their mothers wash the stones or let the airlock and . the men take the socks to the washing area. there the rocks are cleansed from dust and dirt. and this is the women's responsibility. cuts. only after washing can valuable or be separated from worthless rock fragments. many children go with their mothers to the washing area they've never been to school. they spend the time scraping up leftover bits of cobalt.
the home village sells the order to chinese middlemen. but many people feel they're being cheated. us run the code below is a when the chinese way are all they always try to double cross us. but they claim that our all contains only three percent cobalt but that would have been the butt of even when it contains ten percent of them in the first. this is where the cobalt or buyers said it was some pull mineral market outside kuwaiti . trade is firmly in chinese hands. the price depends on the cobalt content to determine not the owners pulverized and measured with an x. ray florescence the comet or. trucks take the minerals to the nearest port. many deliveries go to refineries in
asia. for years and has been tracking the routes congolese cobalt or tanks is an expert on the mineral trade at amnesty international. just to the output so i just was she a study has shown that chinese companies in the congo by the offer marches on the mines send it on to be refined in china and from there the metallic cobalt goes to the producers of battery components and batteries. and those batteries end up in german electric cars true and. so german probably contain cobalt from small mines in the. german carmakers comments are vague. dialer writes. the supply chains include a great many sub suppliers and are thus to some extent very complex that makes it hard to verify the origin of raw materials. we strive to ensure that our supply
chains process only cobalt that comes from industrial mines with suitable sustainability standards. other carmakers present similar arguments they consider it to be mainly their suppliers responsibility but that doesn't solve the problems in the d r c. at the battery research center in one scientists are working on a truly clean solution a lithium ion battery that works entirely without cobalt for years they've been working on the rechargeable battery of the future now they've almost reached their goal. to be all in flickered we've now developed the materials with energy densities comparable to or even better than those containing cobalt. we can already believe. small cells and we're trying to upscale this material to kilogram levels
in the. present we can produce about one hundred or two hundred grams of this material from what we are now is progressing to a ten kilograms. seed q to come washed up. cobalt free batteries could be a reality in five years time until then experts say responsibility lies with german carmakers. it's common knowledge cannot be the case the air in germany we drive environmentally friendly electric vehicles while the roma tiriel xfer that components a mind in developing countries under the most appalling circumstances in. environmental damage from lithium mining in chile. knocks just a small movement by inhuman working conditions in the d.r. seeing. that as well is the price of a lecture mobility. right on down through. the flame.
plate. to the to. the fast pace of life in the digital shift as the lowdown on the web showing new developments and providing useful information the wittiest phone lines and interviews with makers and users. next on t.w. . climate change. waist length. isn't it time for good news to go at africa people and projects that are changing no one fireman for the better
Tour-of-germany-state-byGwDot-comElectric-carsNoise-conventional-auto-mobilityGermanyExhaust-fumesLimitsTrafficRoadsLithiumBatteries