Author summary Why was this study done? Tropical cyclones (TCs), among the most destructive and costliest climate extreme events, are expected to be more intense due to climate change. Despite the widely acknowledged hazards, a consistent and quantitative assessment of the mortality risks of TC across countries is lacking. Such quantitative and comparable evidence across countries is urgently required to better understand the health effects and respond to the potentially increasing hazards. No previous studies have characterized the periods of concern (POC), exposure-response (ER) relationship, and temporal trends of the TC health risks, directly relevant to more precise and effective preparedness and mitigation strategies. What did the researchers do and find? Using mortality data from 494 TC-exposed locations in 18 countries or territories, we quantified the TC-specific mortality risks and POC of the 382 TC events that affected these locations. The ER relationships and temporal