Normative State News Today

On the degradation of universal citizenship.

Ernst Fraenkel was born into a Jewish family in Cologne, Germany on December 26, 1898. Having served in the German Army during World War I, he thereby avoided the anti-Semitic persecutions of the mid-1930s.  But in 1938, Fraenkel, seeing the writing on the wall, emigrated to England and then, in 1939, to the United States.  His intellectual journey is significant for today. In 1941, a manuscript he had written while in Germany, entitled  The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theo...