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LANCASTER, Pa. (AP) Old curving stone walls, rock cairns, underground chambers, standing stones and other rock landscapes, long dismissed as agricultural field clearing, ice houses or colonial root cellars, are increasingly being identified as sacred Native American sites in origin, sometimes going back thousands of years and often containing precise astronomical alignments.
Ancient American Indians in eastern North America built a variety of earthworks over many centuries and for many different purposes.
Ohio’s Adena culture, around 2,300 years ago, built conical burial mounds and small, circular earthen enclosures. The succeeding Hopewell culture built huge enclosures in a variety of shapes. And about 1,000 years ago, the Fort Ancient culture built at least two mounds in the shapes of animals – the Great Serpent Mound in Adams County and the so-called Alligator Mound, actually an Underwater Panther, in Licking County.
Both the Great Serpent and the Underwater Panther are powerful spirits of the Beneath World in the traditions of many American Indian tribes.