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died in 2013. an inquest has found that air pollution did contribute to her death. we've got the justice for her which she so deserved. but also, it's about other children, still, as we walk around our city of high levels of air pollution. sock christmas is here once more, families and neighbours knocking at the door... and a little light at the end of the covid tunnel. look what happened when a music teacher took her lessons online. good evening. just when you thought you had your christmas plans all sorted, along comes some new and tougher guidance. this afternoon, the prime minister said the four nations had agreed to stick to the existing regulations they issued three weeks ago, but he warned people to "exercise extreme caution". in scotland, nicola sturgeon also gave further advice to go alongside those regulations, and in wales, mark drakeford says the law will be changed. as laura kuenssberg reports, we are all being left with a choice — make full use of what the law allows, or follow the advice of leaders in the nations of the uk. even sorting the tree hasn't seemed straightforward this year. politicians gave a promise we would be able to gather together at christmas, a glimmer of light at a grim time. but along with gifts, new concern about the virus is arriving at number ten, so permission to see friends and family comes with stern advice. we are keeping the laws the same, but we all want to send the same message. a smaller christmas is going to be a safer christmas, and a shorter christmas is a safer christmas. you are still allowing a five—day period to go ahead when people from all over the country will be able to get together. wouldn't it now be safer, clearer and perhaps braver to ditch the plans to relax the rules over christmas? we do not want to, as i say, to ban christmas, to cancel it. i think that would be frankly inhuman. what we are saying is that that guidance, the three households and the five days, that really should be regarded as a maximum, but we are also relying on people's strong sense of personal responsibility. leaders around the uk have tried to stick to the same approach. there will be some limited extra freedom over the festive period. in scotland, where soon 80% of people will be living under tougher restrictions, but there will be no huge knees up for this family. we come from a really big family so normally, we have a huge christmas, lots of drinks, lots of partying, all the kids, but this year, it's obviously completely different for us. the christmas relaxation of the rules will go ahead but with a similar call for caution. i have to say, i hate with every fibre of my being standing here trying to regulate how you spend christmas. the reality is this christmas simply can't be normal, but we have every reason to hope next year will be much more normal. the picture's bleaker in wales, though, where the law is being tweaked so only two households and not three can get together. plans are already changing here. we had three households together, but i think it is just going to be as now. —— us now. so, the numbers are increasing as well, aren't they, at the moment, so that is a worry. pressure is intense on the health service, and with the spread of the disease, wales is going back to the limited lockdown straight after christmas. nobody wants to be ill at christmas, and none of us want to give this deadly disease to our closest family or friends. in northern ireland, winter illness conspired with covid to fill hospitals to bursting last night, leaving ambulances queuing for as long as 12 hours, and that is even before any of the rules are eased up. no surprise politicians here are telling people to take care too. be risk—aware at all times. remember the situations and activities that help the virus spread. so keep your distance, stop your contacts with others outside your household or christmas bubble. the political decisions about christmas were never designed to create a free for all, but the worsening pattern of the disease has forced a rebrand if not a re—think. some families were worried about the consequences. what's going to happen is it is just going to spiral out of control again, and i think they are wrong for doing it. i think it is too late now. i think people have made their plans and i think if they change it, people are going to do what they were planning to do. politicians must balance the dangers of the pandemic with the cost to so many other aspects of our lives. this year, what's meant to be a time of celebration is a time of real risk, too. laura kuenssberg, bbc news, westminster. our political correspondent, jonathan blake is at westminster for us now. so the guidance has changed, the ohus very so the guidance has changed, the onus very much being on very careful? that's right, there was a clarity and consistency to the rules at christmas after the devolved government, along with the uk government westminsteragreed government, along with the uk government westminster agreed last month to have that fight relaxation of the rules during which three households would be able to meet and mix indoors. and, broadly speaking, those are still the rules which people can operate within. but now the message has changed because the situation has become more severe, and terms of cases of coronavirus. and politicians are saying it here at westminster and in the welsh and scottish governments, and northern ireland as well, that you can still do that, but we really don't think that you should. and in the case of wales, the government has gone further to change the law to limit the number of households that can gather to two rather than three. so inajoint gather to two rather than three. so in a joint statement tonight, because there is still an attempt to have a joint uk white approach year, the uk government, along with the scottish and welsh governments, have said they should only form a bubble at christmas if they absently need to. and that five—day period is a window of opportunity, and it should be seen as a legal maximum, not a target. and they are asking people to meet with the shortest possible time and not stay overnight at other people's houses unless you absolutely have to. so the message has definitely shifted from allowing people that window of opportunity to mix with other households then they would be normally able to over that five day period, to urging people not to do that unless they absolutely feel the need and to be as cautious as possible operating within those rules. jonathan, thank you so much. so as we've been hearing, the picture across the uk is now more complicated. in a moment, we'll hear from james shaw in glasgow and emma vardy in lisburn. but first, to sian lloyd in cardiff. here in wales, tighter restrictions are on their way. nonessential shops and close contact services like hairdressers, together with fitness and leisure centres, must close from the end of trading on christmas eve. and all hospitality venues must shut from 6pm on christmas day. the five—day christmas covid window that had already been agreed remains in place, but the welsh government have told people here they can only form of a bubble of two households by law — although a single person can join them. from 28 december, wales goes into lockdown — which means people are expected to stay at home and public facilities will cause. —— will close. there is no end in sight to these restrictions, but we are told they will be reviewed every three weeks. here in scotland, the restrictions around christmas are already a little tighter than in other parts of the country. so only eight adults from three households should meet indoors, not including children under 12. but the guidance today does limit even more what people are supposed to do. the scottish government says you should only meet on one of the five days of christmas, the amount of time and the number of people involved should be as small as possible, and you should not stay on someone else's house unless it is absolutely necessary. also, travel between high—risk and low—risk areas should be avoided. the location of us here in northern ireland means people have been given an extra couple of days for travelling over the christmas period. so people told they may travel to and from northern ireland between 22—28 december. a narrower window though for the christmas bubble, people are allowed to meet up with other households between 23—27 december, and it is up to three households that can form a christmas bubble. let's speak now to professor of public health, sian griffiths. shejoins us live she joins us live now. shejoins us live now. given she joins us live now. given the guidance has changed now and become much more an ohus guidance has changed now and become much more an onus on being extremely careful, do you think that is enough and is consistent, and is it clear for people to understand?“ and is consistent, and is it clear for people to understand? if you look at the cases and you look at the increased numbers of cases in parts of the country such as london and the southeast, the overall trend across the country is no longer in the right direction, and the virus is much more prevalent and spreading more quickly than had been expected. so all these things mean that we do need to take the messages very seriously today. i think chris whitty‘s message of keeping it short and local and making it small, and to think of vulnerable people is the right way to think about it. i think it would be very difficult to try to say to cancel all christmas at this point, but i do think the message needs to be to think very carefully about what is necessary, and do you really need to meet people? could you actually postpone it until later on in the year when vaccination rates are higher and the disease rates are higher and the disease rates are higher and the disease rates are lower? could you notjust use zoom or go for a walk? you really need to sit inside in crowded conditions, inevitably crowded because you're crowded around the table? all these things are a combination of hearing the guidance from the government, then looking at oui’ from the government, then looking at our own situations and really taking it seriously. because the viruses out there, there's a lot of virus out there, there's a lot of virus out there, there's a lot of virus out there, and the result of more cases will be pressure on the nhs, which is not coping at a time when it's already under stress, it's a lwa ys it's already under stress, it's always under stress injanuary it's already under stress, it's always under stress in january and will we call winter pressures. so the consequences will be very traumatic for us all in january the consequences will be very traumatic for us all injanuary if we don't take this seriously. so anybody who has been planning and looking forward to travelling to see family and bubbling is allowed to stay the night — what's your advice? my stay the night — what's your advice? my advice is to think very carefully. my daughter texted me and said, "mum, we need to rethink." maybe other people are in that similar situation. is it really what we wa nt similar situation. is it really what we want to do? do you want to take the risk of going from an area where there's a lot of virus to another area, to possibly taking the fires with you and spreading it further and further in problems down the track? what about vulnerable relatives, people who are older or are immunocompromised? do we really need to visit them or, if we do, can we just need to visit them or, if we do, can wejust drop in and need to visit them or, if we do, can we just drop in and see them rather than spend long periods of time with them? all of these are questions we need to ask ourselves about reducing the risk. how do we reduce the risk? so, you know, it is tricky. people may need to change their plans and say, "actually, i'll postpone this visit until a saver period." would not be easier to change the rules then? i appreciate it's quite close to the period, but if we had known that these cases were going up, we see in london going to tier 3, is it not better to just be consistent and change the rules, rather than offer the strength and guidance? the question is, what would you change the rules to? because although people point to germany and say that germany is staying in lockdown, yes, it is also having a break between 24-26 it is also having a break between 24—26 december. and small gatherings have been so they would be much more direct about the numbers of people, they don't count children within the numbers. that could be a possibility to move towards that, i suspect it would be very difficult to say for no one to meet anybody else during the christmas period. that's a very difficult message to get across at this point in time, people would say, "i don't mind, i don't care, i'll do it anyway." so it is a very tricky decision, a very tricky path to tread, and i think we need to be co nsta ntly to tread, and i think we need to be constantly reminded in the next little while that it matters what we do between now and christmas, people need to think very carefully about reducing exposure to the virus, you know, what are you doing, where you going — and they need to be very careful that it is absolutely essential who meets together. do you just want to meet in your own household on christmas day and postpone the party, the getting together until later? i think that might bea together until later? i think that might be a good way to be thinking about it. we are definitely doing that within my family. it's interesting to hear that. thank you so interesting to hear that. thank you so much, and very interesting to hear that you also are looking at that in accordance to what your daughter said. thank you so much for your expertise. latest government figures for coronavirus here in the uk show there were 25,161 new infections recorded in the past 24—hour period. a further 612 deaths have also been reported — that's people who died within 28 days of a positive covid test. that takes the total number of deaths in the uk to 65,520. the headlines on bbc news... the message gets tougher on who you see and what you do over christmas. whatever the rules, whatever the guidance, leaders across the uk want us to exercise extereme caution. the welsh government says only two households can now meet over christmas, and the nation will go into full lockdown from 28 december. 9—year—old ella adoo—kissi—debrah died in 2013. an inquest has found that air pollution did contribute to her death. sport, and for a full round up, from the bbc sport center, here's katy. thank you so much. it's a busy night of premier league action with six games total. it's a busy night of premier league action with six games in total. in one of the earlier games, leeds thrashed newcastle 5—2 at elland road. the match looked set for a draw when it was made 2—2 after the hour mark, but leeds scored three goals in ten minutes, including this brilliant strike from jack harrison secured them all three points. leicester could have gone top for a few hours at least with a win tonight. but they were beaten 2—0 at home to everton. richarlison‘s first half strike put carlo ancelotti's side ahead at the king power stadium, before mason holgate doubled the lead after the break. the win moves everton up to fifth in the table. the pressure continues to build on mikel arteta after arsenal dropped points yet again. they were held to a 1—1 draw at home to southampton. to make matters worse former arsenal player, theo walcott, gave southampton the lead at the emirates. but the home side managed to rescue a point when pierre—emerick aubameyang equalised for them in the second half. arsenal though are 15th in the table, five points above the relegation zone. well, the big game of the night is just getting under way at anfield — the top two, spurs and liverpool, are facing each other. both are currently goalless. west brom have appointed sam allardyce as manager after sacking slaven bilic this morning. the 66—year old has been out of the game since leaving everton back in 2018. allardyce has previously taken charge of seven clubs in the premier league. and is yet to be relegated from the top flight. west brom are 19th in the table with just seven points. trials for concussion substitutes have been approved by football's lawmakers, ifab, this afternoon. from next month, it means that clubs could get an additional substitution for incidents like this. you might remember wolves striker rauljiminez suffered a fractured skull after a clash of heads with arsenal's david luiz, who carried on playing for a while, after being treated on the touchline. its set to be introduced by the fa for its competitions from january — with the premier league voting on it tomorrow. it's been a long time coming. i think there's been a general relu cta nce think there's been a general reluctance particularly within the faa to acknowledge there's even a problem. and i don't think they've done enough or acted quickly enough. and it takes a horrific incident like the louise and him and is one, to make them do something. —— david louise and gimenez. and, exeter‘s champions cup match at toulouse on sunday has been cancelled because of a covid—19 outbreak at the chiefs. european bosses will now meet to decide the outcome of the cancelled game. but it's unlikely that the match can be rearranged because of fixture congestion. the holders played glasgow last weekend so that means the warriors game against lyon on saturday has also been called off because 20 warriors players are self—isolating. that's all the sport for now. we'll have more for you throughout the evening. thank you so much. when the three—tier system was introduced in england, we were told that areas could move up or down depending on what was happening to infection rates. many towns and cities in the north of england have seen falling infection rates, and some leaders are asking tier 3 areas to move down a tier. here's our north of england correspondent danny savage. it's beginning to look nothing like christmas. nobody is allowed to enjoy the decorations in this pub in leeds at the moment in what should be the busiest week of the year. so how long did it take you to put this lot up? this took, if one person had done it, it would've been 340 hours worth of work. the landlord here says he'd love to get some customers back, but not if it's just a temporary period before infections rise again. if we're going to go from tier 3 tier 2, back to tier 3 in two weeks, we'd rather not open. it will cost us so much more money to open and close down again, furloughing all staff, cancelling all bills, negotiating rent again. it would make more sense to stay in tier 3 until it's viable to open in tier 2 for the long—term. leeds has been under the toughest restrictions since the start of the second lockdown, but civic leaders here now believe that the area has met the criteria to move from tier 3 to tier 2, and other towns and cities in the north feel the same. we do still believe there is a very strong case for a substantial part of the city region to be placed in tier2. and we would ask the government to give regard to the fact that we have been under restrictions now for four and half months. in leeds, for example, at the start of the second lockdown, there were a16 cases of coronavirus per 100,000 people. the latest bbc analysis shows that this has now dropped to 138 cases per 100,000. the government will decide tonight whether places like leeds and manchester can drop down to tier 2. i think it'd be nice, yeah, to go down to tier 2, see more friends and family. i think it should stay in tier 3, to be honest. because people just go mad when they lower the tier. regardless of what happens, this restaurant will stick to takeaways only. they don't believe any increased freedom will be long—lived. we are planning for a lockdown ora tier3 injanuary. i thinkjanuary is going to be really, really tough. measures are changing, though. last night, london, along with parts of essex and hertfordshire, moved up into tier 3. but with cases broadly on the increase again, is there the will to ease restrictions in some areas? danny savage, bbc news, leeds. more than 130,000 people have now been given their first dose of the new covid vaccine. however, new research suggests that people from minority ethnic backgrounds are less likely to take the vaccine. a survey carried out for the royal society for public health found that 79% of white respondents would take the vaccine — against 57% of people from black, asian, and minority ethnic backgrounds. also, 70% of the lowest earners would say "yes", compared to 84% of the highest. our community affairs correspondent, adina campbell, reports. the impact of coronavirus on people from black, asian and other ethnic minority backgrounds has caused a great deal of anxiety and distress over the last few months. but with a vaccine now in sight, many of us are now starting to breathe a sigh of relief. some, though, are still fearful. the pandemic has thrown up so many questions about our health, and caused a huge amount of uncertainty. but what is clear from a number of reports and studies over the last few months is that black, asian and other ethnic minority groups are twice as likely to be infected with coronavirus, compared with white people and are more at risk of dying. so, why is there so much scepticism about the vaccine in these communities? in my minority of people, we have our natural remedies. if we have a cough or a cold, then we do our own thing with garlic, ginger, honey, lemon. so far, it is god that is protecting me. i am under his divine protection. i will never catch any disease. i will take the vaccine because there is no problem and there is no consequence. i will take it and protect my family. if it's got a chip in it to track people, that's the reason why i wouldn't go for it. where have you heard that this vaccine has got a chip? from the whatsapp and all this. the vaccine does not contain a chip and the government says we should be cautious of misinformation and conspiracy theories. even with my two kids, people sort of send whatsapp videos and all sorts of messages. if you don't know where that's coming from, then it is very likely to be inaccurate. this is an incredibly well developed, scientific endeavour. and therefore i would urge everyone, take the information, read it, look at it and then make your mind up. are you happy? yes. researchers say the evidence is clear. with higher death rates in these communities, coupled with underrepresentation in clinical trials, scientists insist getting vaccinated is the safest way to help end the pandemic. adina campbell, bbc news. 1a people have been convicted in connection with the attacks on a satirical magazine and a jewish supermarket in paris five years ago. the trial — the first of its kind to be filmed for historical record — led to six convictions for terrorist association and two for complicity. lucy williamson reports. this trial has struggled to match the scale of the events behind it, those in the public gallery today better known than those in the dock. arriving for the verdict, surviving staff from a jewish supermarket and the magazine charlie hebdo, the two key targets of the attacks. the harshest verdict was for ali riza polat, sentenced to 30 years for complicity in the attacks. more than a dozen others were convicted of lesser crimes. seven were cleared of any specific link to terrorism. translation: what this decision says is that without this loose group of people around the terrorists, there is no attack, and anyone who supports terrorism even a little can be punished very severely. the men who carried out the islamist violence five years ago were all killed by police. amedy coulibaly and brothers cherif and said kouachi killed 17 people in a three—day campaign targeting journalists, jews and police officers. the satirical magazine charlie hebdo was targeted after printing cartoons of the prophet muhammad. those cartoons have since become the front line in a battle over freedom of speech in france. 0n the one hand, a symbol of the nation's right to blaspheme. 0n the other, a lightning rod for more jihadist attacks. two months ago, teacher samuel paty was beheaded in a suburb of paris after showing his class the cartoons during a discussion on freedom of speech. the government has proposed a new law to combat islamist extremism in france. but one survivor believes repeated islamist attacks are changing behaviour here. translation: al-qaeda is waging a communications war. it wants to scare people, and it's working. cartoonists no longer want to caricature the prophet. it's self—censorship. after the recent beheading of the teacher, a lot of teachers don't want to speak about secularism but freedom of expression. today's verdict, said charlie hebdo, marked the end of a cycle of violence. not many here think it's over. much of the terrorism has been home—grown — and convicting people isn't the same as convincing them. lucy williamson, bbc news, paris. the supreme court has ruled that plans to build a third runway at heathrow airport are lawful. the scheme had been blocked by the appeal court, which said the government's airports strategy didn't meet up—to—date uk climate targets. the firm behind heathrow can now seek permission to go ahead with the runway. caroline davies reports. it is just over there where that tall tree without leaves on is... justine bailey has lived on the border of heathrow airport for 25 years. the proposed third runway would be opposite her house. the runway would be about where the bungalows, you can see some chimneys at the end of the road. that is literally where the runway would be. so you wouldn't be able to stand here without ear defenders on if they were using the runway. today's judgment was not what she was hoping for. it won't be possible to go on living here because the air will be far too polluted. it will be far too noisy. most of my neighbours will have had their houses bulldozed and will have had to move. protesters gathered outside the supreme court before this morning's verdict. today's result is a setback for environmental campaigners as well as residential groups. well, it is very disappointing, and very disappointing for our membership across london and the south—east. and the government advisers on the implementation of our carbon commitments has stated that were heathrow to expand, it would almost certainly mean restrictions in aviation activity in other parts of the country. possibly even the closure of some regional airports. the village of harmondsworth has lived with the threat of partial demolition for years. opponents of the third runway say that climate change concerns and even covid have weakened the argument for it. 0thers disagree. as we come out of covid, we are going to have to re—establish international trading connections across the world. and having a major airport which can actually reach every capital city, everywhere in the globe, is going to be crucial to london's advantage. and in a post—brexit world, we are going to have to do that even more. while heathrow say today's judgment is the right result for the country, labour has argued the proposals don't pass their tests on air quality, noise pollution and delivering countrywide economic benefits. the government has said they are seriously considering the court'sjudgement. today's decision is not the end of the process and both sides have said they will fight on. caroline davies, bbc news. now it's time for a look at the weather with darren bett. hello there. the bands of rain that we've had today are pushing away eastwards out to the north sea. then we'll see showers continuing, particularly across western parts of the uk overnight tonight. some clear spells arriving too, but those showers in the west could be heavy, potentially even thundery, as well. it will be turning cooler tonight than the last night, we'll find temperatures in the eastern areas down to about 3—4 celsius, so not that cold for the time of year. tomorrow morning is a mixture of sunshine and a scattering of showers, mainly across western parts of scotland, actually. but those showers become fewer through the day, because cloud will be spilling in from the atlantic, bringing some rain into northern ireland in the afternoon, and the breeze will freshen too. another mild day, mind you, temperatures again 9—12 celsius, and a decent looking day for eastern scotland and eastern england with the sunshine hanging on for longest. we've got more wet weather to come on friday, though, especially across the western side of the uk. there will be a very mild wind, mind you, and it turns back into sunshine and showers by saturday. hello, you're watching bbc news. i'm kasia madera. the headlines: the message gets tougher on who you see and what you do over christmas. whatever the rules, whatever the guidance, leaders across the uk want us to exercise extreme caution. the welsh government says only two households can now meet over christmas and the nation will go into full lockdown from december 28. people in scotland are being advised to meet for only one day over christmas. as london goes into tier 3, other areas of england are hoping to be moved down — following a review of covid restrictions this evening. nine—year—old ella adoo—kissi—debrah died in 2013 — an inquest has found that air pollution did contribute to her death. let's focus on the nine—year—old girl who died following an asthma attack who has become the first person in the uk do have air pollution listed as a cause of death. ella adoo—kissi—debrah died in 2013. she lived near the south circular road in south—east london, one of the capital's busiest roads. in the three years before her death, she had multiple seizures and was admitted to hospital 27 times. today, in a landmark ruling, a second inquest into her death found that air pollution "made a material contribution" to her death. 0ur environment correspondent claire marshall has this report. ella was a healthy child before suddenly starting to suffer asthma attacks so severe she would be put on a ventilator. ella coughs this cough, an early sign of the damage being done to her lungs. we know now, without doubt, by air pollution. today's decision was the result her mother has been campaigning for four years. we've got the justice for her, which she so deserved. but also, it's about other children still, as we walk around our city, with high levels of air pollution. the coroner found that levels of the toxic gases and pollutants and exhausts were way above levels set by the world health organization, and without doubt they contributed to her death. i wanted justice for her. i wanted the real reason why she went through what she went through. i hope through this, her legacy may be a new clean air act. i think the only bit i got a little bit angry was, in court, when it turned out that lots of people knew about it, and yet the response has been so slow. these were the roads she walked along to school. despite going to five different hospitals during the three years she suffered, air pollution was never mentioned as a possible cause. now we know it was behind her illness. she was drowning in her secretions, each time she had one of these there dreadful attacks. and the fact that they clustered together and these were in the winter and autumn months, when the air pollution was worse in london, putting all that together, it suddenly started to make sense. this isn'tjust about london, this is about the whole of the uk. 0ne expert witness said that for children, breathing in these fumes should be treated as seriously as if they are breathing in second—hand smoke. perhaps parents should be advised to take a different route to school. the experts are now calling for lessons to be learned from ella's death. it will mean that we can protect children's health going forward. what we do need to do is develop the education and the tools needed to talk about air pollution and, hopefully, the government will take air pollution reduction as a national priority. she would be very proud that her name is being used to do something really positive. because i've always said to you, she was incredibly kind. so this is the sort of thing she would approve of. the government says that it is spending almost £4 billion on trying to clean up air pollution, and it is setting new ambitious targets. but today's decision will dramatically increase the pressure. we now know beyond doubt that air pollution can kill. claire marshall, bbc news. i'm joined by paul swinney, the director of policy and research for centre for cities, a think tank focused on the economic performance of uk cities. and i'm alsojoined by ben paulfrom the air team, a group of campaigners on a mission to clean up britain's air. thanks very much, gentlemen, for joining us. ben, let's start with you because you campaigned against ella's mom. houston is it that this second inquest found air pollution made a consent —— significant impact on ella's death? it is hugely significant, particularly so the reasons behind her death can be more widely known, because we feel there is an alarming disconnect between the causes and public knowledge, and this needs to be addressed and we are hoping as a result of this that people can be made more aware of the issues and risks that they face in terms of air pollution. and paul, you've been researching into the impact that the pandemic has had on air quality. when it comes to what we know about air pollution and also the impact the pandemic has had, what have you found? there is quite a large fall in types of air pollution in april and may time, which is not a surprise given people were not going on much at all because that is the first lockdown. the wall air pollution improved in the short—term, in the longer term, pollution improved in the short—term, in the longerterm, it got worst, and now air pollution is worse 110w got worst, and now air pollution is worse now than was back in february. while the pandemic improved air pollution in the very short—term, in the long—term, it might have made it even worse. and what is your thinking behind that? people are worried to use public transport? thinking behind that? people are worried to use public transport7m certainly seems that there was an increase in car use, and maybe there are concerns about using public transport, but as vaccines get rolled out, we have a big campaign to make sure this is a short—term shift to using cars and private forms of transport rather than a permanent one. given we are in this situation we are in right now, with the pandemic, somebody just situation we are in right now, with the pandemic, somebodyjust thinking about doing a short distance in their car, what would you say to them? i would urge them to think about other options. clearly, it is important to use public transport or cycling in some instance than others, but getting in your car has an impact in terms of the air pollution you create, and that is that for yourself and for your neighbours. it is about urging people to change their daily routines but also about individuals. this is about local authorities doing something. they have the powers to do them and they have, in fairness... only london and glasgow have ta ken fairness... only london and glasgow have taken action and we need to see other cities take action now. ella's mom said she... what concrete measures would you hope to be achieved? sorry, to bend, there. would you mind? not at all. we cannot bring ella back, and i think we owe it all to ella to make the necessary changes for our own health and our children and the planet. ella's death was a tragedy and there are thousands of other debts, similarly, going on unrecorded, and so this is the first one recorded, so this is the first one recorded, so it is really important, i think it really needs to put pressure on the government to set legally binding objectives in their environment bill, notjust ambitious targets. road transport is 70% of carbon dioxide and 30% of particulate matter, so retro sport isa particulate matter, so retro sport is a big problem. wood—burning is a other problem. the air we breathe should not be a place where we feel happy to deposit our waste emissions. it is a shared resource and we really need to take care of it. and also, paul talked about the journeys that happen, and 25% of road journeys are under a mile, so we can almost immediately cut the 360 billion road miles we travel every year by 25%, we can do it overnight, so we all need to act. ultimately, we need the government to keep the public informed of the health impacts of air pollution, so that people can make the right decision, and we need the government to put down legally binding targets, so at the end of your report there, they talked about 4 billion allocated to clean up transport and tackling air pollution, but that is com pletely tackling air pollution, but that is completely dwarfed by the 27 billion the chancellor has allocated the road—building. the two things cannot go hand—in—hand, we cannot see how that can work, so we need to see a lot more of that money shifting over to tackling air pollution and giving people the alternative and supporting them in making changes to healthier, safer forms of transport. paul, how do you encourage people, then? you touched upon a number of aspects in your research that people are scared, they don't want to get... they use the cars are the pandemic, they don't want to share public transport, and those short journeys are being made by car. we have various measures like low traffic neighbourhoods and no pollution areas, clean—air zones, and yet does that not sort of puts the problems onto other roads and thus make it bad? ella lived near one of the busiest roads in. you mentioned a number of potential tools there. i think with low traffic neighbourhoods, which approved quite controversial —— have proved. we need to make sure we are notjust shifting proved. we need to make sure we are not just shifting traffic in one big area. when you do some research on that. the thing like clean air zones, which a number of cities are supposed to be bringing in, we need to make sure we do put those in place, and they are about charging the most polluting vehicles and trying to encourage people to take them off the roads. it is going to be measures like that that are going to be really important, because some people will change their behaviours when they hear about this, but a lot of people will not, and so having those incentives in place and those authorities in place to get that switch either to driving and cleaner ca rs switch either to driving and cleaner cars or, even better, walking, cycling or taking public transport, is what we need to do. final question to you, rosamund said lots people know about air pollution. she said the response was so slow. how do you ensure that the response does speed up and that more people know about this? is a difficult question. we have been campaigning about this for ten years and it is only in the last two or three years, really, it feels like it is gaining some traction in the media, with the newspapers and yourselves, reporting on these things. this inquest, the result of this inquest is big news. it really... we really want to see the government take charge of this issue and really tackle it head on. with sound and good policy objectives, but with legally binding objectives, but with legally binding objectives that they can be held, and future governments, can be held to account too. it is about public awareness, it is alerting people to the idea that if you jump in your car, if you take your child to school on a one mile carjourney and you sit in traffic, ostensibly, you might as well be smoking in the car, and we all know that was made illegal in 2015, so you cannot smoke in yourcar but illegal in 2015, so you cannot smoke in your car but you can sit in a traffic jam for in your car but you can sit in a trafficjam for nitrogen dioxide and particulate with your child, with yourfamily, particulate with your child, with your family, and be particulate with your child, with yourfamily, and be blissfully unaware of the fact that it is having impact on your health. that isa having impact on your health. that is a powerful image. ben paul, that is a powerful image. ben paul, that isa is a powerful image. ben paul, that is a good note on which to leave it. ben paul, paul swinney, thank you so much for your time. thank you. three and a half years on from the grenfell tower fire, up to 1,000 buildings in britain still have round the clock fire patrols because they haven't had flammable cladding removed and other fire safety issues fixed. in london alone, the patrols are estimated to have cost £170 million this year — most of the cost being borne by flat owners. they say the bills are causing financial ruin for a problem they didn't create. sarah corker reports. emma is a single mum of two. she is out of work and relying on food banks to help feed herfamily. her building has such serious fire safety faults it needs fire wardens on site 2a hours a day, known as waking watch. it's costing flat owners more than £400 a month each. i'm angry. i'm actually furious at it. this is ruining people's lives. it's not our fault. we didn't buy these properties thinking there was something wrong with them. emma was a first—time buyer when she bought this one—bed flat in south london 12 years ago. my greatest fear, if i'm to be honest, is yeah, i will be made homeless and have to file bankruptcy. because i cannot afford the bills. after the grenfell tower fire, waking watches were introduced by the national fire chiefs council to keep residents safe. it's supposed to be a temporary measure while fire safety faults are fixed. but it's become controversial. at this block in ipswich, a warden was filmed asleep under a desk in the middle of the afternoon. the company said he was on a break. and here in north—west london, residents say wardens removed wall sensors that were supposed to be checked as part of their patrol. flat owner charlotte says there has been problems with two different companies. they themselves are creating fire hazards, blocking and opening fire doors, blocking ways. the operatives gather in corridors. a lot of my neighbours feel quite threatened by them. we actually found one waking watch operative relieving themselves in a bin store. so, it's not been good. and we are dreading getting the next load of invoices for that. and here in manchester, the cost of this building's waking watch has just tripled to more than £20,000 a month. steven lives on the 14th floor. he says the building only has a small amount of dangerous cladding. it's the strip which runs between our master bedroom and spare bedroom. flat owners not only have to pay for the three fire wardens, but may also face bigger bills to fix the blocks‘ fire safety issues. who do you think should pay for this? the original developers have got a huge part to play in this. and i think the government are the only people that can actually make the developers pay. and if the government need to put the funds up first, the government should make sure that people are living in safe homes. the government says waking watches should not be used as a substitute for the swift removal of unsafe cladding and they are committed to supporting leaseholders. the building leaseholders for the blocks in this report say costs only passed onto flat owners as a last resort. but for those spending christmas in unsafe homes, brings little comfort. sarah corker, bbc news. the foreign secretary, dominic raab, has conceded that a post—brexit free—trade agreement with india could take many years but said the mutual benefits of securing one would be "enormous". in an interview with the bbc during a three—day trip to india, he also said the uk government wouldn't be afraid of raising human rights concerns relating to india, but said the government wouldn't allow that to "eclipse broader co—operation". he was speaking to our south asia correspondent rajini vaidya nathan. one of the great things that i've been able to talk through with the prime minister today and with drjaishankar, the foreign minister, yesterday was, if you like, the road map, the milestones to liberalising and deepening our trade in the interests of both indian and british businesses and consumers. of course, free—trade negotiations are always a haggle. we'd expect, on both sides, that to take place. but if we look at the joint mutual benefits over a ten, 20, 30—year period, notjust two, three months, they're enormous. a free—trade agreement with india won't happen overnight. i mean, it could take a decade. a free—trade agreement is really important, and there are milestones to reaching that. sometimes it can take as long as you suggested, but i think with political will — and my sense is on the uk side but also on the indian side, there is the political will — and with the right leadership on both sides, which i know is there, we could drive it forward much, much quicker than that. ok, let's move onto the issue of democratic values. international human rights groups are gravely concerned that indian government policies have put minority groups, especially muslims, under increasing pressure. we're talking about brutal crackdowns against the government's critics — arbitrary detentions, internet shutdowns, increased media censorship and a decline in press freedom. how much does that concern you? well, first of all, i think in a big picture context, india is the biggest democracy in the world. it has a vibrant culture of debate, protest — we've seen that recently — and in many ways, it is an example to the world. of course, there are always cases of human rights issues. we know about them, they report it to me, we've got domestic constituents that raise them with us. i have candid conversations with officials in the indian government. i spoke to drjaishankar about it this week. but equally, we recognise that the democratic depth and breadth of india is pretty much unrivaled in this region, and i think it's important to set it against that context. you've just come from meeting prime minister modi. did you raise any of these concerns with him? well, i've raised, on my trip, as you'd expect, human rights issues and concerns. that's my job. equally, at a professional level, you'd expect that to take place. i discussed them with foreign ministerjaishankar yesterday. with the prime minister as well? i discussed them with foreign ministerjaishankar yesterday. and of course, we'll continue to raise those issues. if it hasn't been raised with the prime minister, one might say, "is that because it's a sensitive issue to bring up when you're trying to strike a trade deal with india?" with a close friend and a partner, i think, actually, you can have candid conversations about difficult issues between you, and we won't shrink from doing that. equally, we wouldn't allow that to eclipse the broader cooperation and bilateral relationship because there are huge opportunities. but we don't duck the difficult issues. there's been a crossparty group of mps who have called on you to raise the issue of the ongoing farmers' protests. what is your message to the british indians who are concerned about what's happening in these protests? and did you raise this with the prime minister today? no, i didn't raise it. it's something that i discussed with foreign ministerjaishankar, but in the context, of course, of the reforms that the indian government are trying to pass, that's a domestic political issue. of course, we understand that there are different groups that disagree with that. as we were discussing earlier, india has a tradition of noisy debate, which is quite right. that shows you the health of the democracy. and ultimately, those are matters politically for discussion within india and its democratic framework, but i did have a good conversation and update with dr jaishankar about that. dominic raab they're speaking to rajini vaidyanathan. teaching children music has been a life passion for emma hutchinson. so when lockdown was announced, her shift to online teaching — and the impact this had on her children — was stark. her efforts to draw out something positive from the experience led to her writing a christmas song that, to her surprise, has gone global. here's emma's story. # la, la, la—la, la, la... # when lockdown was announced, i was at home, in devon. our whole professional world turned around overnight to zoom lessons. it's lovely to see you here today. are you ready to roll? # something is tapping in my box... # a lot of families said, "oh, this is quite good fun, let's all have a go at doing the digital thing." but i think, after several weeks, you could get a sense of screen fatigue. smash! over the nine months, we noticed that many of our children are more reserved. they're less responsive to engaging with each other. language delay is becoming more evidenced. # christmas is here again, all around the world... # i was thinking, "how can i make this a positive experience? how can i write something that is going to look forward to the future?" i wrote four christmas songs. candles, for me, our hot you cannot touch them, but there's a a light around them. that was the seat of the song. # christmas is here once more # family, neighbours, knocking at the door... # i gave my song to moonbug entertainment as part of a collective of christmas songs for children to enjoy. and then they got back in touch and said, "thank you very much, we'd like to use christmas is here again as our christmas single." # christmas bells are ring, ring, ringing # everyone is sing, sing, singing... # i was actually surprised, but delighted because the song holds a lot of poignancy for me. being deaf, i have to say, has been initially a nightmare. and then it became quite funny. having a mask on, suddenly i couldn't see their face. and i rely a lot on lip—reading. # love and peace, as my candle burns # singing my christmas song... # if we can hold a candle up together on christmas eve, wouldn't that make a difference? just so they know they are not alone. # everyone is sing, sing, singing # whoever you are, wherever you roam # ringa—dinga, ring, ding, ding. # a song of hope by emma hutchinson there. just time to tell you... a chinese space capsule containing the first moon rocks collected in over four decades has landed in the inner mongolia region. the change five probe spent three weeks in space, taking rocks and soil from the moon's ocean of storms, a vast lava plain. the land in this area is a lot younger than geological samples taken on earlier space missions. scientists hope the new material will help them understand the formation, structure and history of the moon. the success of the mission would make china only the third country to have retrieved lunar samples after the united states and the soviet union. now, a little closer to home, let's find out what the weather is doing with everyone. hello there. the weather is remaining very unsettled. we've had another dose of wet and windy weather sweeping in from the atlantic today. now, that rain did clear away from the southwest in time to give us a lovely sunset here, for example, in bristol. but if we look out in the atlantic — where our weather is coming from — there is more cloud massing out towards the west, and that will come into some western areas later on tomorrow. that was the cloud that gave us the rain earlier on today. that weather front is taking that wet weather out into the north sea, and that low—pressure is moving away. so, the wet weather that we've seen across northern ireland and scotland is turning more showery. overnight, we will keep some showers across the western side of the uk in particular, some of them still heavy. but there will be some clearer spells developing as well, and it will be turning a bit cooler too. not that cold, really, for the time of year, but temperatures could be as low as 3—4 degrees. now, tomorrow morning, it's really a mixture of sunny spells and scattered showers, mostly showers in the west, particularly across western scotland. those showers, though, do tend to ease down through the day, because cloud will be moving in from the west, and we will see rain arriving in northern ireland in the afternoon. as that wetter weather starts to arrive, so we will start to see those winds picking up and turning rather blustery. further east, though, looks a decent day, actually, some sunshine continuing across eastern scotland and eastern parts of england. temperatures here about nine degrees, maybe a few degrees higher as you head further west into that cloud and eventually rain as well. that first weather front there will bring some wetter weather into the uk during tomorrow night. the rain then tends to peter out as it heads towards the southeast. the next one is hot on its heels. so we are just continuing this very unsettled theme. a lot of cloud around, a bit of dampness in eastern areas. it's in the west that we will see the more persistent rain, that's going to turn heavier over some of the hills in the southwest of england, south wales, threatening some further flooding. may have some brighter skies for a while in northeastern scotland, northeast england. we will have a strong southerly wind, which is why we are seeing such high temperatures, and we could make 15 degrees in the northeast of wales. that very mild air probably won't last too much longer, mind you, because it will be swept away during saturday as we start to introduce a little bit cooler, not cold by any means, there will be some rain to clear away from eastern england first thing on saturday, and then the weekend is going to be a mixture of sunshine and showers, most of the showers in the west. this is bbc news. congress looks set to agree to pump $900 billion into the covid—hit american economy. it would be an economic godsend to millions who are suffering, and a political about—face for republicans. if a deal gets done, it will depend on this man, the senate majority leader, who looks increasingly independent from donald trump. the us national security adviser cuts short a trip to europe, as the white house assesses the damage from a massive cyber attack. also in the programme.... the conversation that occupies every family both sides of the atlantic. what are we going to do about christmas? who's coming, where will it be? we will discuss. and a former star of this show, the puppy pulled from the jaws of an alligator, is now a sheriff.
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