8), while simulated C
ant uptake over the same period ranges from 44 to 63 Pg of C (intermodel range) when using the Earth system models (ESMs) from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5; fig. S1A) (
9) and from 43 to 62 Pg of C when using the new CMIP6 model generation (Fig. 1A and Table 1). By 2100, the projected range grows to 194 to 279 Pg of C under the high emissions scenario for CMIP5 [Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) (
20)] and to 204 to 309 Pg of C under the high emissions scenario for CMIP6 [Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) (
21)]. Thus, the new generation of CMIP6 ESMs has, despite further model development and overall increased horizontal and vertical ocean model resolution (