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Objective To investigate the association between changes in long term residential exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and premature mortality in Canada. Design Population based quasi-experimental study. Setting Canada. Participants 663 100 respondents to the 1996, 2001, and 2006 Canadian censuses aged 25-89 years who had consistently lived in areas with either high or low PM2.5 levels over five years preceding census day and moved during the ensuing five years. Interventions Ch...

The rate of inflation has a bearing on the relative price of individual products and therefore on demand for those products. Using new micro price data, this column investigates how high the optimal inflation rate must be to prevent relative product demand from being distorted. In contrast to a common claim, it finds that the optimal rate is not zero for a large part of the