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longer, so there was more of them and the average length became longer. so, you know, length of articles is related to how substantial they are, then that would seem to go against that claim. so neither the number of studies nor the pages on research have fallen. the average for the length of studies has gone up. why do we need government funding for research? i've done some of the largest studies that have been done on gun control, i think, by far, in terms of the most data. you look at a lot of these medical journal studies, they have what we call 50 observations, 50 states in one year. i don't know how you pick one year to look at but they do. when i look at things, people who have looked at my books know that i look at all the counties in the united states or all the cities in the united states by year for as many years as that data's available and try to compare how crime rates change over time in places that change their laws relative to ones that don't. well, my concern about government funding is two-fold. one, i don't really see the need. it's not like we're building cyclotron out there. what it is, i would go frequently and have a graduate student and say, look, if you work on this with me, i could pay you but i could save some and i could make you my co-author so why don't we do this. a lot of graduate students want a chance to be able to have their name on an article that's going to be published because they want to get an academic job later on. the problem with government funding research is that politicians cannot keep politics out of who they give the money to. i'm not saying that when they go and give this money they say, and you'll get this conclusion. what happens is they know the politics of different people who apply and the people who agree with them politically are the ones who get the funding and the ones who don't, don't get the funding. there's no reason why we should go and use federal tax dollars to go and subsidize one side's research vs. another in this debate and it's not clear to me why the federal government should get involved at all in this discussion. now, paul's video had a little bit of a discussion between cnn and shannon watts. since he played the video i'm not going to go through the whole thing but she was asked is there an example in school shootings or malls or public facilities where basically bad guy with a gun has been stopped in any other way besides -- besides by the police officer, has a civilian used their gun to stop them from committing this crime? and she says, this has never happened. and of course, there's laughter here. i'm sure without any problem we could go through a long list of things. you look at schools like edinboro, pennsylvania. you have pearl, mississippi. you have universities like appalachian law school. you have malls like in salt lake city, and portland, oregon, that have been stopped. you have churches like the universal life church. i could mention to you shootings on streets in memphis, in downtown areas in oklahoma city. other places, many of them, public shootings have been stopped by citizens with guns. paul briefly talked about the shooting in las vegas. the one thing that i would add about it is that here you have this guy, it's true, he died, but he stopped temporarily the male killer there. the female had to go and get a cart, pretend to be one of the shoppers, go around behind him and then shoot him in the back and kill him. the question is how long that took. i have no idea. but for her to think of the idea, to get the cart, move strategically to be behind him. let's say it's 30 seconds. you have people running out. people -- you're giving them a 30-second head start, then, if even that's all it took, to be able to go and leave the area. everybody, by all accounts it was a crowded wal-mart. isn't it amazing that with a crowded wal-mart he, this permit holder was the only person in the wal-mart that they were able to go and kill? so, anyway, but i just want to go and point out something and that is, just in the last month we have been deluged with information about, as we have in the past, about what goes through these killers' minds. i'll give you a couple of examples. elliot rodger, the killer in santa barbara. i wonder, have people read this manifesto? how many people have read the manifesto? you go and read it and several places in there, i'm just going to read you one, he explicitly talks about why he picked a particular place to go and attack. and so here he says, another option, deltopia, a day in which many young people pour in from all over the state to have a playa break party on dell street. i figured that was a perfect day attack isla vista but after watching youtube videos of deltopia parties, i saw there were too many cops walking around. i felt it was impossible to kill enough of my enemies before by thosepatched damnable cops. he's essentially saying -- and if you read this, the guy wants attention, he feels he's not given the proper attention, he wants to give as many people as possible but worries that with multiple police officers there he'll be stopped because they have guns and they'll be able to stop him. the monkton, new brunswick killer in canada. this is from his facebook page. i don't know if anybody has looked through this. this guy had a half dozen comics dealing with gun-free zones on his facebook page. this is just one of the comics he had. so he had a civilian who's being attacked by a criminal here, it says, but wait, there's a gun ban in this city, you can't do this, we've passed a law. it's supposed to be all rainbows and unicorns from now on and of course the criminal's basically thinking, what a moron, he has his gun in his back and getting ready to shoot it, knows that the victim can't be there. this guy picked a place where he knew civilians around there weren't able to defend hemselves and it's something obviously was thinking about. there was a case in rogersville, tennessee, earlier in june this month -- i'm just taking things, very recent cases. i could give you lots of others. just reading from the news report there in the local newspaper, said, according to law enforcement officers, the teens intended to be the most notorious mass murderers of all time with the highest body count. they allegedly wanted to be famous and their road to fame would be paved with bodies of their classmates and teachers at volunteer high school in churchill. authorities say the boys who are now 16, 17, even studied the 1999 columbine shooting correcting "mistakes" made by those shooters for the purpose of maximizing the number of students and faculty deaths in their planned volunteer high school massacre. the plan included killing the school resource officer first. why did they do that? they knew he could be the one guy to stop them. so you have a uniformed guard there. uniformed guards, god bless them, but they have an incredibly difficult job. they're sitting targets there. it's hard to go and be consciously, day after day, month after month, year after year, on your toes in case something might go wrong. and what you end up happening -- happen, not just here but in other cases, but those are the first guys taken out. the question is what's your backup plan? these guys aren't stupid and what do you do at that point when they're not able to go and stop them? i know i'm out of time here. so -- i believe so, right? i always talk longer. i apologize. you know you've got that when you asked me to do it. i apologize. so you can't claim ignorance on that. so -- and even then, i've made a lot of cuts from what i would have liked to have said. i really appreciate the time here. we've had nicki's talk and larry's and andrew's here. there's so much information that's here and the question is how do we go and get this out because the media, you know, it's just amazing to me. we can't even get them to go and mention something as simple as gun-free zones. we have attack after attack. my guess is this debate would be dramatically different if even once in a while when they're going through their checklist of things, how did they obtain a gun, what type of gun was used, often things that are difficult to determine and they make mistakes about, just once in a while, the simplest thing to figure out is, did the attack occur in a gun-free zone for the very reasons that nicky was talking about before, it serves as a magnet for these type of attacks, we see the comics and other things from these killers. if that was mentioned, my guess is that the political debate we have right now would be dramatically different from the way it is. thank you very much. i appreciate your time. [applause] [captions performed by national captioning institute] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2014] tell this story about how i, whose every aspect of my in one way or another a threat to israel -- my gender is male, my religion is muslim, my citizenship is american but my nationality is iranian, my ethnicity is persian, my culture is middle eastern. everything about me sends off forthe warning signals israel and so the experience of iranian-american single man bengerianget through airport in the 21st century is a everyone that despite the way globalization has brought us closer and has boundary that is separate us as nations, as people, as, as cultures, despite all of that, all you got to do is spend a few trying to get through bengureian airport to remember that those divisions, those things separate us are very much alive. best-selling author will take calls and tweets on islamic fundamentalism, the on terror and instability in the middle east, live on sunday, tv's in-depth, part of a three-day holiday weekend on authors.n "washington journal" recently archivist for the united states who talked about his efforts in preserving the country's history. >> we're standing inside the 700onal archives at pennsylvania avenue, seven blocks from the u.s. capitol, blocks from the white david joined by archivist ferio. how many documents are you for?nsible >> about 12 billion, 12 billion pieces of paper, 40 million photographs, miles and miles of film and video and the fastest growing part of the collection is electronic mail. >> in all that, do you have a favorite document? >> i have lots of favorites. >> which would be? thatanyderful letter oakley wrote to william mckinley troop ofto raise a women to fight the war.sh-american a letter that ralph waldo in support of walt whitman's application for a job in the attorney general's office here. lots of wonderful examples from cite asrds that i would favorites. >> are those documents available the public? >> the national archives was established so that the american public could have access to the records of the country. so that they could hold the itsrnment accountable for actions. all of the records are available. >> focusing on the constitution, thebill of rights and declaration, this agency was started in 1934. for thoseponsible documents before then? state department had them for many years. the charters were actually at of congress, just 1952. they came here in >> and your job title is also in chief oflector the united states. how did you get that title and do you prefer it? it actually comes from an article that sam roberts in the wrote about me" when i first started the job here. he coined the phrase, collector-in-chief. it's not an official title but i like it. >> how does one become the collector-in-chief? >> that's a good question. i was the director of the new public libraries and got a call out of the blue saying that they were looking at me for this job. and what did you study to become the collector-in-chief? i am a librarian. i grew up in research libraries and the newd duke york public library. >> what were your areas of research? major,s a literature history minor. i'm the first librarian to be archivist of the united states. does your job as 10th archivist of the united states digitaln a much more age than back in when the job was first started? are similarities, when i was getting ready for my confirmation hearing, i took a that robertything conner, who was first archivist of the united states, wrote inut what he was up against creating the national archives. and this -- the problem that he arewas the records scattered all over the city and in attics anded basements and subject to fire and flood. i inherited a situation where we are now creating electronic records across the government, not in such a haphazard way but the same issues are around, the records are created in a way that they will be saved forever is the face.nge i >> what is the digital collection like on a daily basis compared to the paper collection? we started collecting electronic mail in 1996 during the reagan administration so reagan and bush 41, we million email messages. we have 20 million from the clinton white house and 210 bush 43, and i'm projecting well over a billion this administration so that gives you a sense just in terms of the presidential records going.e're >> what is your mission statement on electronic records? records doonic you -- are you responsible for collecting? same, the record schedules that guide the material, arethe format neutral so it's the same ofd of guidelines, whatever those federal records, the records created in the executive are of historic or legal value to warrant them being kept forever, the same whether it's in paper or electronic. theut the papers, constitution, the declaration of independence, the bill of mosts, seem to be the popular exhibit here at the nash archives. >> they sure are. >> how many people come and see them on a yearly basis? >> 1.5 million people come each year. rotunda >> we're not shooting this interview in the rotunda. the lighting is dim. why? >> to ensure that 100 years from now people will have the same experience of walking through rotunda and seeing the charters, to protect them from over-exposure to light. and what would happen if it was lit up? fade even more than they've faded now. the declaration is very faded because it was hanging in direct sunlight for many years before to the national archives wasbecause a cop are plate made to make copies. decided he wanted to have copies made to distribute so we think the way they made to take a plate was wet cloth and put it over the original declaration and lift of ink off, put it on the copper plate, and trace it, from that wet copy, replica.t's an exact so that started the deterioration. process where that mysterious hand print in the corner of the declaration that's on display came about? we don't know. that's a very good question. we have no idea whose that is or when it first appeared. what's the history of this building that we're in? built during the depression. john russell pope was the originallyho was hired to build it. in rome, so the theolumns that surround building are very much his signature statement. jefferson memorial and largest -- one of the largest construction projects during the depression in the city. originally built with a withous interior courtyard a fountain and what mr. connor was discovering where the records were and how many there are, there wasn't the records so they had to scrap the original 21-towerbuild a structure in the middle of the building to accommodate the records. there's been a bit of expansion on the buildings where you keep the records since then? 44 sites across the country. >> and how many records does that encompass? that's the 12 billion, 40 million. >> we're filming this the day before the fourth of july. >> our big day. the fourth of july like at the national archives? >> on the steps, on constitution we, just before the parade starts, we have a wonderful dramatic reading of the declaration of independence, like i envision it happening across the country when it was first shared, after it was signed. i haveup in boston so visions of what was it like at faneuil hall when they were reading out the declaration of independent for the first time. most people are familiar with the preamble, "we, the people." don't spend ae lot of attention on the next section which is the charges and here weking have re-enactors who read it out sit on thewd, who steps and across the street and in the street on constitution just the way i expected they did in boston in -- 1776 and 1777 when they it, with outrageous boos huzzahs,he good parts, it's pretty engagingiment for itple who haven't heard before, are they surprised by how long that section is? >> they are. regulars who come back. this will be my fifth year of doing it. last year for the first time i recognized some regulars who along as we were re-enacting. >> do you have a favorite memory years of fourth of july at the national archives? incrediblyall wonderful. manyjust the fact that so people turn out for this and it is just as it is every day as i walk through the rotunda and see the people who are here to see charters, the tangible documents of how democracy that still attract attention. i think it's a powerful message. david ferriero, the 10th archivist of the united states, known as the collector-in-chief. appreciate the time. >> thank you. >> tomorrow on "washington kreutzer andid daniel weiss discuss the issue change in the wake of the first hurricane of the 2014 season. iraqmin jensen talks about and carroll doherty discusses partisan polarization. >> president obama used his weekly address to wish the happy july 4th weekend. arkansas congressman steve same in thehe republican address while talking about u.s. natural -- energy policy. >> hi, everybody. i hope you're enjoying your fourth of july weekend. begin today by saying a special word to the u.s. men's soccer team who represented america so well the past few weeks. we are so proud of you. you've got a lot of new believers and i know there's actually a petition on the white make tim howard the next secretary of defense. spot right has that now, but if there is a vacancy, i promise to think about it. 238 years ago that our founders came together in philadelphia to launch our american experiment. farmers, businessmen, ministersd lawyers, and a kite flying scientist. those early patriots may have backgroundsfferent and different walks of life but they were united by a belief in simple truth, that we are all created equal, that we are all withed by our creator certain inalienable rights and among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. over the years, that belief has war andd us through depression, peace and prosperity. the helped us build strongest democracy, the greatest middle class and the military the world has ever known and today there isn't a nation on earth that gladly trade places with the united states of onlyca but our success is possible because we've never treated those self-evident truths as self executing. generations of americans have marched, organized, petitioned, fought and even died to extend rights to others, to widen the circle of opportunity for to perfect this union we love so much. that's why i want to say a special thanks to the men and of our armed forces and the families who serve with them, especially those service spent this most american of holidays serving your country far from home. us safe and you keep the united states of america a shining beacon of hope for the for that you and your families deserve not only the appreciation of a grateful our enduring commitment to serve you as well as you served us. all and have a great weekend. >> there's nothing like the bask inf july, a day to america's glory and to dream of better days ahead. that's part of the genius in the declaration of independence. america just about what was, it's a vision of what she could be, of what we should strive for, a land where the people rule, where the advancean or woman can themselves, their families and the common good. has alwaysreatness been rooted in our creative minds and entrepreneurial ability to make things, make most of our resources, to control our economic destiny. that's why you see republicans working so hard to capitalize on energy renaissance. consider the possibilities. it starts by building the keystone pipeline, put thousands show we'res to work, serious about our energy future. we set into motion more plans, pipelines, and transmission lines, bringing low-cost energy to consumers across the land. andacked projects on shore off shore, creating more jobs and eliminating our dependence on unstable parts of the world. we establish predictable the kind of certainty that allows businesses to plan ahead, invest here and jobs back to our main streets and town squares like bentonville, arkansas. electrica truly stable grid protecting us from everything from blackouts. to fuelce stable grids our economy. the opportunities seem endless, don't they? politics, red tape and government fixes that never pan out stand in our way. years, washington has denied the american people the chance to seize their economic destiny. well, republicans are fighting every day to make these possible again. we pledge this to you, the people we serve. together, let's renew the spirit of 1776, spirit that gave birth to a nation with so many blessings and never rest until the work is done. for now, my family and i give forefathers who made all this possible. we extend our prayers to the men to keep usacrificing afe and we wish you and yours healthy and happy independence day. on newsmakers, gary doer, talks about the possibility of pipeline andystone newer canadian proposals that routes to getther canadian oil abroad. "newsmakers" sunday. >> our endowment is the largest historically and is pretty healthy, just shy of $600 million. to put that in perspective. vanderbilt is in our peer group, $6 billion. at theard, which represents pinnacle of the nation's endowments, is at $34 billion $6 billionve a campaign going on right now just to put it in perspective. aspire togoing to have that type of excellence, facilities, to produce that type of excellence on our campus then we have to have that type of investment so my responsibility now, and 17th president's responsibility when he or she is named to go out and ensure that expand those revenue streams. >> howard university interim dr. wayne a.i. frederick on the challenges facing the predominantly black university sunday night on q&a.s >> in a few moments, "the communicators" looks at the issue of net neutrality. that, anthony foxx talking about transportation needs, a discussion on how sports with lead to a discussion on race and society. >> c-span created by america's cable companies by your cable company over 30 years ago and brought to you by your local cable or satellite provider. >> well, nearly 100,000 people have commented so far on the s.e.c.'s open internet policy set at the may 15th meeting of this year. we're going to have a policy discussion today on the communicators about what the f.c.c. is proposing and get different points of view. one of our guests joining us is from philadelphia, kevin werbach with with the university of pennsylvania up there. legal studies and business ethics professor and also s.e.c. veteran and -- f.c.c. veteran and worked on the obama stradigs team. what do you think of what the
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