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Organized labour - US, Canada, Unions: Trade unionism in North America had its beginnings in a transition during the late 18th century from a mutualist/dependent to a free wage-labour system. As journeymen artisans moved out of what has been called “economic clientage” to master craftsmen, they found their interests in conflict with those of their employers. Only through collective effort could workers enforce the list of “prices” they established for their work and defend their trades against cheap and diluted labour. The first identifiable labour strike dates from 1768, when journeymen tailors in New York City stopped work to resist a pay cut. Sustained labour organization

United kingdomNew yorkUnited statesSamuel gompersRerum novarumSociety of journeymen cordwainersMechanic union of trade societiesAmerican federation of laborToronto trades assemblyNational typographical unionInternational typographical unionNational labor unionLabor congressPhiladelphia workingmen partyNorth americaNew york city