The middle-income trap (MIT) is often accompanied by the decline or stagnation of economic growth, unreasonable domestic industrial structure, and serious polarization be-tween the rich and the poor. However, due to different international environments, different specific national conditions, and different development policies adopted by each country, the manner in which to get out of the MIT varies. Transforming the mode of economic growth and realizing sustainable economic development is an important means for a country or region to escape from the "trap" of economic stagnation. This study carries out an analysis of different economic growth factors of Latin America countries (we selected 19 MIT countries out of 33) and compared them with Singapore and Korea, which are in a high-income range. We used a regression model to find the relationship of variables in each country and the impact on the economic growth due to these variables. The study finds using correlation and reg
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Research proved the significance of forests in controlling carbon emission however, our research shed light on the management of existing forests to combat climate change. To examine the role of forestation and forest investment activities, dynamic spatial techniques are used for 30 provinces of China. The results suggest that forest investment and management not only reduce carbon locally but also in neighboring provinces. Furthermore, the findings of current study confirmed that forest investment are the most viable practices to control carbon emission in China instead of just increasing the forest area. Reforms regarding the management of forests would be a good policy for pollution reduction along with the employment generation side by side.
Abstract
House prices are partly explained by proximity to the urban centre. Generally, and for simplicity, proximity is measured via straight-line distance (i.e., ‘as the crow flies’). However, distance between two points in space can be mainly conceptualised in three ways straight-line, road-network and travel time-related overland. Therefore, the particular distance measure that portrays ‘reality’ as closely as possible in a given study is context-specific. We examine the implications of using different distance measures when analysing house prices. This Sydney case study used spatial econometric techniques as a robust mechanism to compare different distance measures. The disaggregated analysis of the three city regions confirmed that distinct distance metrics have specific effects on house prices. Including in the modelling process how residents perceive and value their proximity seems to improve the accuracy of ‘city centre effects’. A separate section links these f