As many busy parents will attest, caring for young often comes at the expense of having time to feed and care for oneself. Galanin is a neuropeptide that regulates food intake and modulates parental care; however, the relative importance of galanin in the regulation of feeding versus caring by parents has never been evaluated before under naturalistic settings. Here, we assessed how expression of the galanin system varied in two brain regions, the hypothalamus (which regulates feeding) and the preoptic area (which modulates social behaviours including care) in a wild cichlid fish, Neolamprologus pulcher. Females with young had higher hypothalamic expression of galanin receptor 1a, and the highest expression of galanin and galanin receptor 1a was observed in females that foraged the least. However, expression of five other feeding-related neuropeptides did not change while females were caring for young suggesting that changes in the hypothalamic galanin system may not have been directly
ali, please be safe, my friend. really appreciate you in lviv. much appreciated. joining me now from a secure location is malcolm nance. he s fighting with the international legion of territory defense of ukraine. we watched that video of you and ali was attempting to interview you for us. we saw the cruise missiles fly overhead. explain to us why you are there and what you are doing. well, as you know, i spent quite a bit of time here in the prewar period and when the invasion happened, i had friends in donetsk in the ukrainian army who are writing to us and telling us we re not going to survive tonight. we ve been hit 500 times. these graduates of defense language institute are my friends. you know, as the more i saw of the war going on, the more i thought i m done talking. all right? it s time to take action here.
kyiv. so it s not secret information. and for now, we are in kyiv. we are at this moment of time, we are, from the territory defense in the earl of ukraine. in the newly created division of army. and we are all, already got experience in fights. we got actually, a few weeks ago, we were in bucha, it is a city near bucha which was critical for kyiv defense because in case russian troops getting through, if they go through it, then they can just
you know, currently hundreds of thousands of people are they gather together at the railway stations to try to exit this hell. to go somewhere western. so we don t know how many civilian people were murdered because of the attacks that happened an hour ago. but overall, the situation is not getting better. of course, this is a horrible situation. horrible times for ukraine. the ukrainian army stands strong. we re fighting back as you saw from the previous videos. not only man but women, elder people come in to territory defense. communities taking arms to