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A shared Toll for innate immunity
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is found in various tissues but is best known for its role in the innate immune system of activating sentinel immune cells in response to infection. Using conditional knockout mice, McCoy
et al. found that TLR2 also mediated innate immune signaling within the endothelium. TLR2 in endothelial cells activated proinflammatory signaling that promoted angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment in response to various “danger” signals, such as those produced during infection or tissue damage. Endothelial TLR2 also supported tumor growth in a mouse model of prostate cancer. These findings show that the endothelium contributes to innate immune responses and that TLR2 may be a therapeutic target in cancer (see also the Focus by Mahfoud and Petrova).