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Six Chinese Among Finalists for U S Science Award
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Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists Announces the Finalists of 2021
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Credit: Wenjun Zhang
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most prominent ocean-atmosphere interactions that varies year-to-year. This process exerts significant impacts on global weather and climate. El Niño is the warm phase of ENSO, which can be strong, moderate, or even weak. Within the past four decades, climatologists observed three super El Niño events (1982/83, 1997/98 and 2015/16). These extreme phases impacted global climate far more than moderate or weak events.
El Niño has a profound effect on the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), which is the most significant sub-seasonal variability element of the tropic atmosphere. The MJO is a major force that drives monsoon sub-seasonal variability, bringing sustained wet or dry weather to Asia. Extreme El Niño events have similar severity and evolution processes. However, scientists have sought to understand whether El Niño altered the behavior of the MJO in the same way during each of these three super El Niño