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Happy birthday, Gus Nossal
th birthday today.
Gus Nossal in 1988. Credit: Impressions / Getty Images
Sir Gustav Nossal (born 4 June 1931) is an internationally renowned immunologist. Nossal directed the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for 31 years, from 1965 to 1996. He is also an Emeritus Professor at the University of Melbourne, and he served as President of the Australian Academy of Science from 1994 to 1998.
His research focussed on how the immune system makes antibodies to ward off infectious diseases. He also did significant work on immunological tolerance, showing how the immune system can distinguish between foreign agents and the body – noting how it can break down in autoimmune diseases.
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticle production – How nanoparticles are made
Materials in the nanometer range have been produced for several decades. Carbon Black, for example, has been used in tires since 1930. Today, the production capabilities for specially designed nanomaterials have increased considerably. Most synthetically produced nanomaterials are nanoparticles. The various applications require precisely defined nanoparticle characteristics.
A number of production processes have been developed to meet the desired shapes, compositions and size distributions. This article describes the most common production processes such as milling, gas phase and liquid phase technologies.
Nanoparticle production
Nanomaterials and/or nanoparticles are used in a broad spectrum of applications. Today they are contained in many products and used in various technologies. Most nanoproducts produced on an industrial scale are nanoparticles, although they also arise as byproducts in the manufacture of
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