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PHOTO: THE KAVLI FOUNDATION This month, the U.S. Senate is poised to consider legislation that would expand the National Science Foundation (NSF) and strengthen the U.S. science and technology research ecosystem. The heart of the legislation will be the Endless Frontier Act (EFA), a bipartisan and bicameral bill that was first introduced to the previous Congress in May 2020. With some modifications, this legislation could become a landmark achievement that bolsters U.S. competitiveness. The bill would authorize $100 billion over 5 years for a new Directorate for Technology to support basic science motivated by critical needs, often referred to as “use-inspired” basic research. The initial areas of focus would include artificial intelligence, quantum information sciences, and advanced materials. In addition to other provisions that protect NSF s current mission and budget ($8.5 billion in fiscal year 2021), the bill requires that the Directorate for Technology provide a minimum

United statesHarold varmusRobert connShirley tilghmanThomas rosenbaumDavid spergelDavid baltimoreUs senateNational science foundationAssociation of publicNational scienceTechnology foundationAssociation of american universitiesDirectorate for technologyEndless frontier actAmerican universities