Normal, IL, USA / www.cities929.com
Jul 19, 2021 | 12:17 PM
(The Center Square) – The state is witnessing a later emergence of mosquitos throughout the state after a dry May and unusually wet June.
The total rainfall in June ranged from 3 inches in the far northwest and 12 inches in central Illinois. Areas between St. Louis and Chicago were between 1 to 5 inches wetter than an average June, according to the University of Illinois State Climatologist.
The heavy rain has caused a later emergence than usual for the Flood Water Mosquito, a mosquito that breeds in small bodies of water, said Chris Stone, the director of the Medical Entomology Lab at the University of Illinois.
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In this appendix we motivate and discuss the empirical models and results used to produce the casual and commercial smuggling estimates presented in the main text under A New Estimate of Interstate Cigarette Smuggling Rates (see Page 12). The results of this study build upon the existing literature, which provides considerable support for the presence of substantial tax-induced smuggling, both casual and commercial. For instance, Lovenheim (2007) estimates that 13 percent to 25 percent of U.S. consumers engage in casual smuggling while Thursby and Thursby (2000) find that commercial smuggling accounted for nearly 7.3 percent of total sales in the United States in 1990.
Such estimates have usually been generated from representative consumer demand models in which variables such as price, tourism, income, race and religious affiliations, among other demographic variables, are used to characterize demand. The researchers then include tax or price differentials, American Indian and m