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Jean-Luc Margot
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What echoing radio waves taught us about Venus
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More Information about Little-Known Venus
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Recently, scientists gathered data about Venus by
bouncing radio waves off the planet. The study measured the
tilt of the Venusian
axis and size of the planet s center, or core. It also studied the planet turning.
All this data is giving a deeper understanding of the strange planet, sometimes called Earth s “evil twin.”
It was already known that Venus has the longest day. The time the planet takes for one full turn, or rotation, on its axis is longer than any other planet in our solar system. However, some earlier estimates were not completely correct.
© NASA
The Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex, situated in the Mojave Desert in California. As Margot explained, the process is similar to shining a light (the radio dish) on millions of tiny reflectors (the planet s landscape) and measuring the reflections to get a sense of how fast its moving: We use Venus as a giant disco ball. We illuminate it with an extremely powerful flashlight about 100,000 times brighter than your typical flashlight. And if we track the reflections from the disco ball, we can infer properties about the spin [state].
The complex way Venus reflects the radio signals causes them to erratically brighten and dim before they are received back on Earth. The Goldstone antenna intercepts the return signal first, followed by the Green Bank antenna about 20 seconds later. The exact timing of the delay allows scientists to know how quickly Venus is spinning while the particular window of time in which the echoes are most similar allows them to gauge