(
B) Photograph of a typical TBVA hydrogel. (
C) Photographs of water droplets on the hydrogels shaped with a PTFE mold. (
D) Contact angle evolution of a water droplet on TBVA3 over time. (
E) Water contact angles on TBVA3 molded by different substrates. Tensile stress-strain curves (
F) and elongations at break (
G) of the hydrogels. TBVA is the abbreviation of the borate ester polymer hydrogels, whereas TBVA3 is the hydrogel sample prepared by using 4.0 wt % of cross-linker. Error bars represent the SD for
n = 5 measurements at each data point.
TBVA hydrogels were processed into square pieces with a flat surface using poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) molds. The as-obtained hydrogel samples display a nontransparent appearance (Fig. 1B) and hydrophobic surfaces (Fig. 1C). The contact angles of water on the hydrogel surfaces are 134.0° ± 2° (TBVA1), 139.4° ± 3° (TBVA2), 131.9° ± 2° (TBVA3), and 121.2° ± 3° (TBVA4). A control sample prepared by cross-linking PVA o
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