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Forgery of official documents by monks was rife across medieval Europe, new book shows

 E-Mail Forgery of official documents by monks was rife across medieval Europe because of social changes and the growing importance of the written word, a new book shows. Fake documentation began to be produced in earnest in the tenth century across much of the continent and was the white lie of the Middle Ages . Monks justified deceit because they felt their efforts were for the greater good. During this time many diocesian boundaries were being drawn for the first time, and there were changing practices in law and administration. The book, by Dr Levi Roach from the University of Exeter, argues forgery helped people seek solace and security in the past. It was also an important tool for monks to cement what they saw as their institutional rights to land and property as aristocrats gained more power.

Eastern Symphony - LewRockwell

Eastern Symphony It is not the cosmology of Eusebius that concerns me, but the political arrangement that this pointed to.  As better developed in my previous post: the emperor was to be subject to divine law; the bishops would be subject to the emperor.  This, in distinction to Augustine’s two cities. Justinian famously codified Roman law, integrating religion, culture and politics – as had to be the case given this Eastern cosmology.  He legislated nearly all aspects of Christianity, including the place of the clergy in society.  His vision of the Christian state can be defined as symphony, or  caesaropapism; of these two terms, he coined the former.  As explained by Strickland:

Glimpses of Christendom s Political Schism

Glimpses of Christendom’s Political Schism In this post, we will see the beginning of the differences in the concept of governance and government between what we know today as the East and West of Christendom – between the Greek and Latin. Until this point, in the first three centuries of Church growth and development, the foundations had been laid for a highly developed civilization.  Christian culture carried with it a strong sense of identity – much more so than the pagan civilization before it and around it.  The Incarnation was instrumental in this, as it brought a living experience into the world.

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