Going to participate in assault operations, Petro Poroshenko made his first order, who does he want to eliminate first, exclusive from prankster and lexus, antifake, premiere, tomorrow on the first, all the troubles in russia are from the guard, dont let power slip out of your hands , military, you didnt pass, dozens of officers read these papers before me, and you read them too, or why shouldnt i trust you . If in our regiment, the soldiers would kill the commander , look, the sovereign would think about how tall you are, i will never get used to it, but now is the time, mikhail mikhailovich, to play pranks, you will wait until the second coming, let turbetsky dream, and we will make petersburg , swarm with conspirators, we must speak out openly. Against the sovereign, then it will become obvious to everyone what has become obvious to me, he is weak and insignificant, which means he is not needed, what will happen now, katya, a big premiere, a union of salvation, so we begin, prince, tomorrow, after program time, today we gathered our thoughts about memory, its secrets and mysteries. And so, actually, in a broad sense, i have this question, in a narrow sense, a little narrower, then the question about the value of memoirs. As historical documents, because in general, what are memoirs, this is the memory of an individual person, and the memoirs of another contemporary about the same events will be different, how to perceive this . Well, if you allow me, i would still start with forgetting, so that this topic does not disappear, because we are always in front of this earthly vale. Face awareness that we will have to forget, yes , that something completely different awaits, and i always repeat the quatrain of my beloved georgy ivanov, if a new life, oh soul, opens in a black grave, how good it must be so that we forget about earthly, yes, that is , this moment of possible forgetting of what seems valuable is always present in the face of some other memory, this is not a memoir, of course, it is a memoir. Acceptance, here the three of us are sitting and we see completely different things, its not even the point that we are directed there, everything is completely different, because there is a wonderful neurophysiologist alexander yakovich kaplan, when i consulted with him about roman chagin, he said that even at the stage of vision, vision is not optics, it is the brain. A completely special picture, and how it is all later remembered in memory, what changes it undergoes, one can only be surprised in general, that is, memory stores completely different things, its not like there are five cameras, five identical pictures taken, its completely different history, and memoirists are needed, well, at least to check where, if we want historical ones, i just know, i thought of something else, here the bridge is thrown directly to the topic of imaginary memories, not just interpretations, again in chaigin there is this nikolai ivanovich, yes, this story about chagins business trip to britain , ill be honest, i still want to think that its invisible, when in the end i think that it was he who came up with it all, i dont like it, ill assume that it was , but in fact, here is another of our kaplans the author of a wonderful fama, in his article on chagin, yes, he wrote that he, as a mathematician , immediately remembered complex numbers , parts of which are imaginary quantities, but the meaning is that this creates a kind of volumetric vision, and then you know, i immediately begin to think further , i remember lotman, who says that art this is the experience of the unlived, the most important human experience, it turns out that the imaginary memories of any person, they allow him to be. A creator in a sense, more than he is, more than he actually is, its almost art, yes, that is without art without art there is no, well its in in general, Anna Karenina realizes herself in different ways, for example, Anna Karenina, i am convinced that everything that happened to her stems from the desire that she experiences when opening a book in the carriage, even at the very beginning, when she is traveling reconciling stiva with his wife, and meeting there, she travels with vronskys mother, meets vronsky himself, she so wanted to live the lives of all the heroes. Yes, thats the whole point. I think the reader feels the same way. As a child, i so wanted anegin not to kill lensky when i reread it, but suddenly he wont kill him. That is, this in general, fiction is, in principle, a law of art. When you perceive art, you think it is authentic. In general, memoirs are reliable not in the sense that they correspond to some kind of case itself, as zhenya put it, but do not correspond to your conviction, your right. Yes, here in kotaevs grass of oblivion, he described it there, how he considers his friendship with bunin, so that bunin asked him something all the time and was interested in him, well, mayakovsky asked him, but bunin in the damned days , and his only phrase absolutely devastating, i dont want to repeat it, that he would sell everyone. Includes there, if they paid, here are the memoirs of two people, and about specific ones, they do not contradict each other, these are two truths, they are both true, but solomons court, it s as if its impossible to say what he sold or didnt sell , thats not the question, well, yes, but its just surprising, so to speak, the range of opinions, well, yes, although here, you know, i cant help but remember this famous buddhist one. A parable about five or four blind men who approached an elephant, but from different sides, one means who is interested, he is absolutely right, he says that it is a snake or a wall, a rope, yes, yes, the membrane player is always like this, he cannot grasp everything at once, he cannot give this volumetric vision, vision in general, this is our apparatus, we are not we see infrared, ultraviolet, yes, the bat sees, so what, about the experience itself. I have always been fascinated by the fate of an actor, a great actor who really, if he takes his work deeply and seriously, then he can actually live several lives, and can to live with full dedication, this is a colossal experience, if you approach it correctly, but the actor is not required to read, after all, but completely, but mikhalkov said when he had something to live in, you cant live there according to the system, maybe well lets stop for a second, because its not according to the system, again heres Nikita Sergeevich relatives. To argue with you, today we gathered our thoughts about memory Dmitry Petrovich bag, evgeniy germanovich vadolaskin, we continue, im always trying to explain to students why memory , they say, well as it is, well, now we can say that they will turn off the internet, they wont turn it off before, now we understand that the electricity may disappear for some time, yes, but i really liked it vladimina chernigovskaya and i spoke once on this topic , i say, well, why memory for knowledge, for education, she. Says, but memory is not about memorizing information that is not knowledge, but it is about contexts, associations, yes, thats it, if you dont have this on your shelves, yes, then its very difficult to put together this mosaic of knowledge, how does this thesis resonate with you, of course, this is a complex existence or existence in context. In general, there is a huge problem, how many works of art are based on the fact that something is hidden from someone, so that he does not know, does not remember, most often these are all unsuccessful attempts, here is memory, it is certainly contextual, for example, i when something i remember, i often dont even remember exactly what was said, but i remember where. I hear this smell, it immediately makes me feel high mood, memory this is not information that can be presented like this in three pages, memory is the whole totality, this is the world of god, as it appears every moment, but in all its completeness, so, in fact, this has always excited me, so i tried to describe. The way it comes, not as information, a report about something, in all of these, for example, if a child is lying in bed, then he sees drawings on the wallpaper, he runs his finger over these drawings until his grandmother reads Robinson Cruz to him, everything in the world is connected, thats what kharms talks about, remember, in the trams are all moving and dont know how. Everyone is connected to each other, but we need to remember this, well, we heard a wonderful essay from the lips of evgeniy vodolaskin, this is just a fragment from a novel, but i dont want an essay, but this one gelertors thesis. Vladimirovich, you asked a little about something else, thats how it is , yes, this is not knowledge, because my two favorite examples, evgeniy borisovich posternak, he told me twice that his father said that. If the gospel had the power of mathematics, there would be no evil in the world, well because no person, believer , nonbeliever, atheist, buddhist, whatever, can say that he does not distinguish between good and evil in the gospel, well, of course, yes. This is understandable, like two times, like a theorem, but nevertheless, the world is nearby, so some more effort is needed, identification with you. I have remembered for the rest of my life a phrase from the memoirs of alexei felovich losyev, its like this, i know it by heart when i first learned that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles, i realized that from now on this truth is mine, mine, and no one will take it away from me again, you see, this moment is missing, yes, newtons law, it came to newton as an insight that he understood this at that moment, and things fell with acceleration. Heres a fall and before he formulated it, this device that we all have in our pockets, it accustoms us to something else, yes, that there is just naked truth, memory, spied on it, and its as if you appropriated it, nothing Something Like this, you need to make it your own, assign it with a hyphen, well , after all, in your example from the gospel, i it seems that another difference is that scientific knowledge, well, if you like, is violent, yes, i found out that two is two, four, and if i argue with this, then maybe they will take me away, but only hard labor. But this thing sets us up that this effort requires almost nothing, yes, well, since i spied it, i tell the students, what should you do 40 years ago if you dont remember where the line of the poem comes from, he tells me to go to the library, and what will you approach the girls at the checkout . Memory stealers wanted to talk too, because look, we we started with the fact that culture is a collective memory, yes, and a person is an individual memory, but what happens is that this may be too bold a generalization, although in essence it seems to me to be true, any information revolution gives a serious increase in collective memory. The story of the gospel, this is a meeting place, but there is an individual and a collective in this in any case, but this is something that ultimately becomes ones own, it is so. Absorbed by a person that it passes, this is also about this say, a special phenomenon when something moves from the sphere of abstract knowledge into your personal history, i just remember myself, some things, they became facts of my life, for example, ups and downs with the characters of dickens, it was me, and this is inseparable from me, this is what a person appropriates. Masters himself, makes it his own, this moves from the category of general historical memory to the category of personal, this is really, you know, but now a thought just occurred to me, maybe its quite immature, but it seems to me that in some in a sense, collective memory is there, something that relates to part of the background knowledge, in a sense, can change faster than individual memory, maybe im wrong, but now i thought, they left our background context, for example, there ilf and petrov. Here i am with the students, when i try to say that i once said that your answers remind me of how Shura Balaganov boykono monotonously recounted the contents of the brochure to ochakov, i thought that the answer would be a friendly laugh, but the answer was after all, in a day the same number of seconds as 2. 0 years ago , yes, there are a lot of carriers fighting for us, not only elf petrov, but trifonov has disappeared, for example, i dont make any comparison between trifonov and elf petrov, galich has disappeared, galich has disappeared, but, but there is no person who doesnt have trifonov in his head, or makanin, well, heres another one. In a sense, this is still an example of the greatness, or something, of the work, yes, because sometimes it would not have been better, my famous question, i ask a student, pushkin is a genius, yes, why, i cant say, yes, and how ulato, you love pushkin, yes, so hate him, yes, and i immediately begin to tell why zhenya could have confidence as well, why i cant live without him, yes, but something that is absolutized on the tablets are written down forcibly, it disappears. Yes , an absolutely amazing story, i sometimes read fragments of chagin in public, and there i have a story about lenins stove, texts by tvordovsky, zoshchenko and nikolai ivanovich, so i see, no one laughs, no reaction, i say, the audience is quite young and i say raise your hand who i read lenins stove maker, not a single one. Im not saying that everyone should read it, but in our country everyone knew it, yes, yes, but it was part of the language, and here is an independently living phrase, here there is absolutely a generation gap, maybe its not the worst thing, its not something that needs to be repeated day and night lenin is a stove maker, but it shows how differently the generation is structured, what different experiences they have, well, this is the other side, accessibility. The audience stood up as if i was hosting a parade and said well put the papers in the table, when it wasnt, well, these were people my age, our age and beyond, but it was impossible to buy the model, get it, or read it. According to benjamin, yes, so if you want to hear a symphony, you must understand where it is performed, once a year, yes, get there to the philharmonic in another city, then listen, now, what we are doing, click, click, beethovens ninth , yes, the first skryabina, but this is not completeness, this is lightness, which is false, and lightness, even something more, as i remember, zanusi said, who had not used a mobile phone for a long, long time. And he talked about some priest he knew, who had a dog barking on his bell, he said, why . He says , well, this is a notification, here i am a man from the village, when someone came, a dog barked, when , excuse me, you are in the restroom and vivalda, yes, yes, and this is Something Like that, well this is some kind of cultural breakdown, the combination of one process and another is incompatible, i think its such a risky joke, dear friends, well, we didnt have time. In general, im not the one who could advise regarding memory, but it seems to me , something yes, i heard and i think that this is so, we need to calm down. I mean exactly what they say, that in a Foreign Language its better, well, you can do less in your own, less effect, but im against the word to teach, you need to learn, recognize good poems, theyre just memorable, survive, lie on your heart, a national goal, well, russian literature these are poems, yes, this is like the quintessence of language, any speech dies at the moment of utterance , including you and me, these are poems that are immediately forever. You pour in, they say, if, if you practice, yes, thats really memory is training, thank you very much, dear friends, i really dont want to part with you, but time is inexorable, but we still have memory, evgeniy germanovich vadolaskin, Dmitry Petrovich bak, today we were gathering thoughts about memory. Hello, this is the podcast schrodingers cat, and i am its host, grigory tarasevich, editorinchief of the Popular Science magazine schrodingers cat. Today we will talk about a very, very important topic, about russian swearing, but i want to warn you right away that we will not swear, so if anyone listens to us or watches children, anxious women, or conservative people, you dont have to leave , listen to us calmly, just in case, the editors of the podcast have prepared many options for bleeping words, although we wont say them, we wo nt talk about them, but about them, and for this we invited a wonderful guest, maria ravinskaya, linguist, member of the Spelling Commission of the Russian Academy of sciences, associate professor of the Russian Language Department of the marchiya, if im not mistaken, teacher at the Higher School of economics. In myth, in general, there are a lot of different regalia and titles, and after these titles i want to ask directly maria, you are you swearing, mother . As they say at our scientific conferences, thank you very much for a very interesting question, i will answer with a quote obsessive vocabulary exists in the russian language to express very strong emotions, i experience strong emotions, lets start with. With the basics where did russian swearing come from . There is a traditional version the tatarmongols, how did Everything Else bring us their evil curse . Well, yes, this version is so gatspirological that some people who believe that swearing is an absolute evil would like this absolute evil not to have a slavic origin, in this version does not stand up to any criticism; among the rooted roots there is not a single turkic one. They are all slavic, panslavic and have a long history. It happened historically, we probably wont go into it too deeply, that in the russian language the sexual sphere was taboo, it was taboo very strongly, for a very long time, these were such sacred words, sacred motives that were not discussed, it was not customary to talk about it, this was back in the prechristian era, then with. With the christianization of russia this taboo intensified, we we have received a very strong ban in our culture on the use of certain words, this is a taboo. Vocabulary, profanity, as it is also called , is gradually changing, and this taboo is becoming structured differently, but we must understand that it has always been very strong, this is the area that we are not talking about, it was especially forbidden, much more taboo than in many european languages, are there any analogues of mat, are there any taboo areas of the language in other languages . There are many different language taboos, not only the sexual sphere, in different cultures different spheres can be taboo, well , often sexual, but what else . Well, the anal sphere , for example, in the german language, these are much stronger curses associated with the other side, so to speak, of the bodily lower wo