From the duchy suffered poverty for many years, everything depended on strangers, and today she was offered the imperial crown, yes, they were going to make her a pawn in someone elses game, thank you, but the russian princess believed that when she returned to her homeland, she would be able to stand. For yourself, no matter what the cost. Anna read condition. Bring us a pen, please. I told him to hand me the pen and wrote on the document. Therefore, i promise to maintain everything without any withdrawal. And without hesitation she signed it. She was taken to moscow like a prisoner. Beron, dolgorukov forbade him to go. But anna insisted on taking the cradle with little karl with her. On february 10, 1730, she was brought to the village of vsesvyatskoye near moscow. The leaders were going to keep anna under house arrest until her coronation. Not only for your life. But when to the duchess her sisters arrived, the dolrokovs did not dare to interfere with the meeting. Through catherine and proskovya, anna established secret correspondence with the moscow nobility. The notes had to be hidden in the babys diapers. Anna perked up. She has many supporters in moscow, and most importantly . The guard is on her side. The guards regiments remained an elite part of the russian army and the emperors personal guard. But during palace coups, the guard also became the main source of danger for the monarch if its officers took the side of the conspirators. Other forces that could the emperor simply did not have the courage to defend his freedom and life. Meanwhile, secret meetings of annas followers took place in moscow. The power of the korist and cruel rulers did not suit the majority of the nobles; they pinned their hopes on the new empress. They believed that she would bestow her mercy on her subjects and protect their rights. The future sovereign put their signature under the petition. 87 people, the decisive day had arrived, anna behaved with modest restraint, the dolrukovs were confident that everything was going according to their script. Onna ordered submit the document, once again skimmed the lines with her eyes, and suddenly tore up the hated paper. Anna openly drew a line under her past. Fate gave her a chance to change her life, and she took advantage of it. The duchess of kurlyanskaya no longer existed. Anna ivanovna ascended to the russian throne. Empress and autocrat of all russia. As if she wanted to make up for lost time, she fell in love with bright outfits and jewelry. At her court, balls and masquerades seemed to never stop. She circled herself with jesters and artists about folk storytellers for the new empress, carried with the whole country. Anna made a simple palace scullery maid and. For her ability to tell funny stories her station house. The kremlin was her home by right, here she was born, and now, having lived for 20 years in a caring foreign land, she created the atmosphere of her childhood. The empress decorated her own chambers with old books and portraits of her parents, and the kremlin chambers were soon filled with those who had been discharged. From the monasteries, pilgrims and holy fools, girls, orphans and grandmothers are dependent. Anna ivanovna looked for support in people whose loyalty she could firmly rely on. Count. With her first decree, she summoned ernstaberon to moscow. He will remain the right hand of the sovereign for more than 10 years of his reign. The next step was the dissolution of the Supreme Privy Council and the restoration of the power of the governing senate. The empress included in its composition representatives of the aristocracy whom she could trust. And yet, anna understood, even at the pinnacle of power, she remained unprotected in the face of brute military force. Now the guards supported her, but with the same ease they could dethrone. To strengthen her position, anna did. A prominent move, in contrast to the old preobrazhensky and semenovsky guard regiments, formed two new ones, the izmailov icon guard, they were made up of foreigners and noblemen of the same palace , owing their position to the personal empress, the mood of the moscow nobles turned out to be changeable, soon anna ioannov. Was plunged into misunderstanding and gossip in your address. It was rumored that during the years spent in courland she had become detached from russian life. No matter how Anna Ioannovna she loved old moscow, she felt cramped here. Finally, she decided to move to st. Petersburg along with her court and government agencies. By that time, the Northern Capital had transformed. Into a real backwater, the number of residents dropped sharply, and the streets laid by peter the great were overgrown with weeds; after st. Petersburg returned to capital status, the city began to come to life, buildings damaged by floods were repaired, the construction of new avenues, palaces and cathedrals began, and at the same time restoration of the baltic fleet, which in recent years has come for. Cannon ships were built at the st. Petersburg and arkhangelsk shipyards, by the end of the 18th century the number of new ships numbered more than one and a half hundred. In addition, anna approved russias naval doctrine and ordered the resumption of regular naval exercises. Although history has established the idea of anna iuannovnas time as a dark era, it is largely unfair. It was during her years. Review of states, government institutions aimed at streamlining their work, and also reducing the cost of their maintenance, but the Financial System remained imperfect and. There was not enough money in the treasury, the authorities had to use military and police measures, up to the arrest of landowners who had arrears or theft of the collected money was discovered. Every saturday the government submitted reports and reports to the empress. Please meet me. Anna acted according to her mood, sometimes became picky, tried to delve into the smallest details of state affairs, but more often brushed aside annoying questions. Anna usually entrusted the most important decisions to her favorite biron, it was he who. Approved candidates for high positions and controlled the activities of the cabinet of ministers. The empress had enough worries of her own. Even surrounded by loyal people, she did not feel safe. Anna ivanovna knew, according to the will of catherine the first, the throne was now supposed to be occupied by the daughter of catherine and peter the great, elizabeth. The women were cousins to each other, but each of their meetings became a test for both. Elizabeth was afraid of disgraced exile. Anna ivanovna, that elizabeth might start a palace coup. He is afraid of panic. For conspiracies, the empress relied on the work of the office of secret and investigative affairs, this body looked for any threat to her power, Anna Ioannovna herself demanded daily reports from its leaders and actively intervened in the course of the investigation, the sovereign was especially not interested in cases of insult and honor to the imperial majesty. A wave of repression swept across the country, which malwa falsely intensified attributed to ernst. Beron, this is how the period of rule began, called the beronovshchina. All those exiled to siberia under Anna Ioannovna numbered over 20 thousand people, up to a thousand were executed, not counting those who died during torture and those executed secretly. For the first time, the place of exile became the far outskirts of the empire, kamchatka. Members of the supreme council, the princes dolgorukovs, were arrested and put on trial. The empress gave Diamond Rings to the successful shooters, so there was no end to those who wanted them. The sovereign herself dealt with jackdaws and crows as deftly as with her enemies, they made elegant guns with gold engravings especially for her; when there was a shortage of game in the vicinity of st. Petersburg, birds for the royal hunt were caught all over the country in cages and brought to the capital. The empress placed the mantle of the crown, presented to her by archbishop ambrose, herself, so elizabeth emphasized her legal right to the throne of the russian empire. Her father, peter ii, died without leaving a will. Elizabeths position at court was very precarious. She could either take power into her own hands, or. And wait executions. The guards literally carried elizabeth into the Winter Palace on their shoulders. A reign that began as a series of celebrations and balls. Became the beginning of the russian enlightenment. Elizabeths court, one of the most brilliant in europe, became a symbol not only of power, but of the cultural growth of the state. Empire, Elizaveta Petrovna. Today is the first one. Elizabeth still dreamed of love and happiness. Former shepherd of the village flock alyoshka rozum became the second man in the empire. It seemed that the empress had nothing to complain about, any her whim was immediately fulfilled, and she spent days after days in amusements and feathers. Peron was still with the sovereign, and her passion for him did not fade over the years. But her loved one could not belong to her entirely, because he had a family. Legitimate children, one day fate almost smiled on the empress, the brother of the portuguese king wooed her. However , the court quickly got rid of the applicant; he was given a sable fur coat in front of the shocked sovereign and sent away. It was as if the ground had disappeared from under annas feet. Easily disposed of the lives of her subjects, she could not arrange her own. And although the empress could not stop her tears, she understood that the courtiers were right, she simply did not have the right to be someones wife, any marriage with a compatriot would be considered unequal, with a foreigner threatening the interests of the country. Within european royal courts, the rules were not so strict, for example, in england, the queen could get married, while her husband was not considered the reigning monarch, but in the traditions of the russian autocracy, such a situation was considered unacceptable. The empresses who took the throne after Anna Ioannovna, elizabeth and. The choice of the empress amazed everyone, the fact is that the heir she appointed did not yet exist in the world. By 1732 , Anna Ioannovnas older sister, ekaterina, remained alive. Like anna, she was married abroad and was the wife of duke Charles Leopold of mecklenburg of schwirin. The couple had a daughter, who was named after converting to orthodoxy. Will receive the name ivan antonovich. The boy will really be born after 8 years everything was going as well as possible. The problem of succession to the throne was resolved, political enemies were neutralized. It seemed that anna would rule the country until she was very old, while the baby heir was growing up. These hopes were dashed overnight. One day on october 5 , 1740, after lunch, Anna Ioannovna. She felt sick, she fell unconscious, when it became clear that annas days were numbered, she called biron to announce it. Dont be afraid. Regent is a person who exercises the powers of the head of state in the event of a minor, illness or absence of the monarch. Since regency the history of the russian state actually began. After the death of the first russian prince rurik, the famous oleg became regent under his minor son igor. Igors wife, princess olga, performed the same function for her son. The future ivan the terrible, and grand duchess sophia with her brothers, the young tsars, peter and ivan. Anna ivanovna died on october 17, 1740 at 9 00 pm. Berons fears were justified; after 3 weeks he was arrested and accused of seizing the regency, neglecting the health of the sovereign, wanting to seize the throne and oppression of russians. Beron was even accused of receiving gifts and awards from the empress. The former favorite was sentenced to death. Quartered, but was soon pardoned, replacing the execution with eternal exile to the siberian city of elym. Instead of beron , his mother became regent for the young ivan. However, Anna Leopoldovna did not find support either at court or among the people. She was called another german, and they increasingly remembered the daughter of peter the great, who had all the rights to the russian throne. A fight began in st. Petersburg. The soldiers turned to each other, surely no one would stand up for Elizaveta Petrovna, and scolded the officers for their slowness. On the night of november 25, 1741, elizabeth , accompanied by 308 guardsmen of the grenoder company of the preobrazhensky regiment, entered the Winter Palace. Not a single shot was fired during the coup. Nobody wanted it. To shed blood for Anna Leopoldovna and her oneyearold son, the emperor. So the daughter of peter the great, elizabeth, came to the throne. Her reign will last two decades. Russian the empire will more than once face the problem of the throneinheritance, and the era of palace coups with. Will become part of history only at the beginning of the 19th century. The capital was seething with the joy of christmas balls. Oh, how Little PrincessElizaveta Petrovna loved to dance. Everyone around admired her grace and beauty. And elizabeth knew this. She dreamed of how one day she would dance. In versailles itself, dance better than anyone, and the french king will love her, and the holiday will last forever, a magical glow flared up on earth in the 16th century. The era when the most will come true incredible dreams and fabulous transformations will happen. The festive reign of the cheerful elizabeth will begin in the russian empire. Tsesarevna elizabeth was born on one of the most solemn days in the history of the russian empire, december 18, 1709. Peter ii entered moscow for the National Celebration of the victory in the battle of poltava, but upon entering the capital he was notified of the birth of his daughter. Lets put off the celebration of victory and hurry up. Lyoshka rozum loved to sing more than anything else in the world; his voice broke early and sounded so loud that people stopped to sing for him in the church choir, but the cossack father grigory rozum, in the past a dashing warrior, and now a bitter drunkard, did not want his eldest son. And then alexey, without asking his father, simply left his village of lemishi for the neighboring chemer , to the deacon of the local church, who had long noticed a capable boy. Alexei grew up in his house and sang in the church choir. The world celebrated christmas, the villagers celebrated christmastide. Many folk holidays had deep roots in the times of paganism, with the adoption of christianity these beliefs gradually. Were supplanted, receiving a new meaning, but the festivities themselves remained for a long time in peoples life. So the christian holiday of the nativity of john the baptist coincided with the pagan ivan kupala. The cheese week before lent resulted in the celebration of maslenitsa, and christmas was followed by merry christmastide, once the winter solstice holiday. At christmas time it was customary to dress up in the most. In the evenings, boys and girls caroled, walked around the courtyards with songs in which they praised the owners and wished them a good year, and for this they received various treats and small money. Elizaveta petrovna entered the time of blooming youth. Zasarevna was very pretty. And from childhood she was prepared for a brilliant marriage for the benefit of the fatherland. Peter i intended to marry his youngest daughter to the french dafin louis, the future louis x. And thus conclude a dynastic alliance with france. There were other options for her marriage in poland or in lubik. However, after the death of peter, all these plans were upset. Colonel vishnevskys military equipment slowly walked along the village street. Carefully tied boxes with hungarian wine quietly jingled for everyday life of yaya imperial majesty Anna Ivanovna. Takai wine was considered the best and was served only on special occasions. A special detachment delivered the wine to the court. It was a voice of extraordinary beauty and power. It didnt take long to persuade the guy. Within a few hours, alyoshka rozum was traveling to distant and scary st. Petersburg to become a singer in the court choir. Singing was an invariable part of any holiday. They sang at home when visiting, sang on the streets in church. Sacred music was especially revered, except spiritual stichera were sung from canonical liturgical texts, the best performers were gathered into choirs, priests, boyars, merchants and kings. Since the times of kievan rus , storytellers who performed epics to the accompaniment of the gusli were popular. Wind instruments and the trumpet were especially revered; elizabeth still dreamed of love and happiness, but her life was not serene; her father, peter ii, died without leaving a will. His niece Anna Ioanovna was on the throne. Not a young, ugly, unlucky empress, considered elizabeth dangerous rival. Elizabeth was completely in her power. Special supervision was established over the tsesarevna. According to materials from the secret chancellery, not a single Guard Soldier , standing guard in elizabeths palace, once heard her go out onto the porch and start a sad song. Oh, my life, my life is poor. The guards sympathized with elizabeth. It was in her that they saw the legitimate heir of peter. Elizabeth was kind. The son of the cossack grigory rozum was traveling to st. Petersburg with a wine convoy; he was 22 years old, and the city of st. Petersburg was 28 years old. Majority the palace buildings remained wooden, but the simple little building was shocked by the splendor of the young capital. Moreover, he came to st. Petersburg on the canon of epiphany, when the whole city was preparing for the holiday. There were a great many celebrations at the court birthdays, those for the empresss official heirs to the throne, regimental holidays of the imperial guard, cavalry celebrations of the orders of st. Andrew the firstcalled, alexander nevsky, victorian, that is, victorious days. The main one was the day of the poltava battle. It all started with church service, along with the festive ringing of bells, the bells were fired. Hundreds of cannons from the bastions of fortresses and ships, guards and Army Regiments saluted with guns, because of the gunpowder smoke it was impossible to see even the opposite side of the street. On the square near the Winter Palace, platforms were set up