Yes, this is a huge plot that leads to solving the demographic problem, well , maybe you can show some other tools, ill show you the tools, and then later its more convenient for you, no, you can now, because the horn, in principle, yes, thats what concerns maslenitsa voice, then this is a voice , you know, this is not a lulling voice, this is the voice of open space, so they drank to the fullest or played songs or. So i could show my voice at maslenitsa, because its just around the corner it was the eve of a new pasture this pasture season cows in an amazing way, i even sang the maslenitsa song in the same register in which this horn sounds, i specially took this wonderful object, this bell, the horsemen, again concrete, like the irzhok, yes, just like maslenitsa. A lot of things, this is a confession, and a sermon , this is a complaint, and a prayer, yes, this is an instruction for action, this is a very important story, you have already mentioned that in maslenitsa there is not only this level of meaning, well would be prechristian, natural, completely compatible with the christian cycle, but nevertheless existed in ancient times. There is also a christian meaning, and here there are differences with europe, because in addition to everything that we just said, maslenitsa is also a cheese week, its a little different or the same thing, its more strict, the folk etymology of carnival is yes, that is, as it were, the absence of meat , that is, everything is meat, the end, yes, meat is a waste, the meat is empty, well, these seem to be the opposite things, maslenitsa, so you said that this. Were tied up in this, these are family relationships are still yes, these are trips to relatives, as if from children to old people, it is clear that all these are remembrances of relatives, its like everyone knows to the motherinlaw for pancakes, and the past and then the children there was an answer to the motherinlaws pancake and back yes. But here are a few shortcuts, so we were lucky, at least i was definitely lucky enough to visit the penza region at one time just during the maslenitsa period, that moment when the Younger Generation walked, so to speak, sang and walked there with balalaikas and accordions and sang choruses and danced, as they say, walked at maslenitsa, dared, at the same time, the grandmothers of the old women, who lived to quite funny years. In the hut and sang spiritual poems, as if preparing not only themselves, but incidentally this whole world for the fact that this transition, and from this fun , it is inevitable, and it must be such a focus of everything here, yes, and the memory of ancestors, and youthful fertility, and old age, and a warning about eternal life about sin, yes, but are there any differences with europe, not only with europe . When they forced a young woman to armor, what was that and they just pulled out some old harrow on the street, but they caught a young woman, well, that is, higher than last year. They were there at every step, they hung identification marks on those who didnt want to or didnt come out, who didnt find a mate in the past year, well, as if by age it was already required, so somehow they didnt get married, didnt get married, they didnt help with yuletide fortunetelling, but theyre waiting something needs to be done with them, yes, they need to be done somehow, they need to be done somehow, yes, yes, yes, yes, we need to somehow stimulate them to find a mate, there was a lot things like that, but we wont remember the fists. Yes, important history, this is a very important maslenitsa moment , yes, when guys, men, and old people too , yes, they gathered, fought, wall to wall with each other, either one, one end of the village or a village there with the other end, or one village with another village, or village to village, as if yes, this was a kind of, well, firstly, a test of combat effectiveness. That is, this is the release of steam with your hands, excess energy, on the one hand, yes, then it is still a test of their viability, the fists were not only at maslenitsa, but also at the trinity, also in some in places, by the way, potential future brides, with their mothers, mostly mothers of brides, looked after and advised, look, you see, you see how he will never leave you in trouble, he will always be with you. This is, well, such a whole life, instructions for behavior, this is an important moment of the year, and of course , all this was also in literature, like eugene onegin, they loved in life a peaceful habit, dear old times, they had russian pancakes at maslenitsa. Yes, pushkin has it, but in general there are many places in literature this culture has shown itself, and shmilyov and ivan sergelev are much more beautiful than kuprin, of course, you can also remember klyuchevsky, chekhovs irony, there is a story where the frenchman thinks that there is a suicide around them, they eat so much, yes, they eat so much , yes, it s actually just that, well, maslenitsa migrated to the city its still somewhat different. Yes, at sholkhov, yes, of course, at tikhiidon, there is also a plentiful meal of food, somewhat different, but this is what we are calling our interlocutors to do, to strive towards folk culture, genuine, or maybe some stylizations that live in literature will be enough for them, or what, how to join this, is it possible to live without it, in conclusion i will ask you, because of course, looking at you, i want to. Some maslenitsa songs sounded there, that somehow it somehow took part and took part in the general festivities on the main square of yaroslavl, but the request for kebabs confused me, there was no meat for maslina, so of course we seemed to misunderstanding of the essence of maslenitsa, the essence of the holiday itself, we approach this phenomenon, it would be necessary, it would be necessary to read , well, look at what sholokhov had in the quiet time. The melikhov family ate, as always on holidays , a hearty meal with lamb, replaced by noodles, but this is not a provostnitsa of course, that is, a lot of food, or vice versa, another story is from Ivan Sergeevich shmilyov, whom you mentioned, a wonderful russian writer, so involved in orthodoxy, in the story, summer of the lord, which you too, but the summer of the lord is a summer this is a year, in this case, yes, just in case, remember this not the time of year, this is the year, a whole chapter, maslenitsa, now the holidays have faded and people seem to have grown cold, then everything, everyone was connected with me, the hero recalls his childhood. I was connected with everyone too, from the poor old man in the kitchen, who came in for a wretched pancake, to the unfamiliar troika, who rushed off into the darkness with a ringing sound, and god in the sky behind the stars looked at everyone with affection, maslenitsa, walk in this broad word, and now there is still living bright joy for me, but god is watching, walk for now, walk for now, yes, then another time will come, it will be necessary to treat differently. So i highly recommend that you still read such books, at least leaf through them, at least refer to them, because there are so many lies about maslenitsa that exist today, well, some false, truncated some idea that damn, this is the sun, there is no need to tell fairy tales, of course, we wont tell fairy tales, we will join in with genuine folk culture, especially on those days adjacent to maslenitsa or directly. During shrovetide week, we will do everything this is to take care, to understand the value, here we talked about all this today with Sergei Nikolaevich starystin, a musician, ethnographer, folklore collector, producer, this is also, i must say, the authors of many specific projects, thank you very much, Sergei Nikolaevich for this conversation, all the best, i am sure that we will lets meet on our podcast, well, to our interlocutors. I, with my usual accent, with emphasis and pressure, even say read with pleasure. Hello, this is a podcast deception of substances, my name is olesya nosova, i am the editorinchief of komsomolskaya pravda and wellknown with me doctorendocrinologist suhra. Pavlova and today we will talk about fat, our favorite topic is fat, yes, but before we actually go directly to fat, lets talk a little about cholesterol, because all these things are interconnected, inextricably, yes, come on, cholesterol, in short, organic a compound belonging to the class of alcohols was first discovered in gallstones and gallstones in the 18th century. Since that period , such a mythological story began around cholesterol, it is either discriminated against or they justify it, then they elevate it to elixir states , then they steal and swindle this most important thing, but in general this vital substance is organic, that is, like. When they write no cholesterol on a can of vegetable oil, it is clear that this is a marketing ploy , it couldnt be in plants, these are mainly animals with this purely, animals, purely, yes, animals, yes, but we must make a reservation that if you overuse vegetable oil, then there will be a lot of your own fat, well, there is a different relationship, another, yes, thats it i just cant forget to say about this, so , probably, in order to indicate the general importance of this. Topic, i must say why we need this cholesterol, but well, in most heads of modern humanity, cholesterol is atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis is plaques , yes . This is something scary, terrible , we need to fight it, and even a large number of means have been invented to lower cholesterol, i have never heard anyone say how to increase cholesterol, Everyone Wants to lower it, but in general for what we need it, our entire body consists of cells, all tissues and all systems, everything is made of cells, this is such a unit, the beginning of measurement, so that it is a cell, and a cell is a structure, each of which has its own inside. Under the structure of organelles, i know , even this is a complex word, namely, in order to separate this structural part from the environment there is a membrane, like a fortress moat, such a wall, a fence, this fence largely consists of parts of cholesterol, of its fractions , from fats, the socalled lipid layer, and it gives it all a certain such structure, one important point, imagine how many cells in our body. There is some cholesterol everywhere. The second important point is that we know that many hormones consist of cholesterol, that is , the basis is cholesterol, so without cholesterol we understand that life is impossible even in this aspect. Further, when we talked to you about vitamin d, we said that the basis for the synthesis of vitamin d is sebum, but the basis for the synthesis of sebum is cholesterol, what a useful thing, no. Few moreover, when we dont have enough of this sebum , the skin becomes dry, cracks, the barrier function of the skin is disrupted, because the skin is the largest organ of our body, and this is, first of all, a border service, it protects us from external influences, and so on. Is a means of elimination, where cholesterol is also involved in us, so if we imagine a nerve fiber, and some kind of large nerve, for example or a small one, on it. There is a membrane, otherwise these are the sensations that we experience as pain, they would be endless, but as soon as , lets say, a person is formed, immediately there is such an allconsuming pain, but from all of these there is a feeling, and the nerve trunk is protected by a meilin sheath consisting of cholesterol, it is very reminiscent of a copper wire with such a rubber sheath, this rubber sheath , the myelin layer is cholesterol, well, the basis. In addition, bile acids in one of the programs we talked about how important bile acids are, what an integral component for the proper functioning of the intestines, for vascular health, because plaques are also the basis of cholesterol, so if the bile acids in the gallbladder are not in order, then the blood vessels will also be adversely affected by cholesterol, and also. Who hasnt heard about vitamin d, yes, this is a fatsoluble vitamin, and also e, vitamin a and vitamin k, in the metabolism of these vital vitamins, cholesterol plays a huge role, by the way, it is not watersoluble, in our country it is fatsoluble, so there will be no cholesterol all these wonderful substances, not only hormones, but also vitamins, so based on this alone you can already understand how vitally important cholesterol plays, but like everything in our body, when there is little cholesterol, it is bad, when there is a lot of cholesterol, it is even worse, so the most important thing is balance, you probably know too, youve already talked about it, but about this division of good, bad, evil cholesterol, they draw all sorts of scary masks around cholesterol, but this division, it s conditional, theres nothing unambiguously bad in our body, thats it same with fractions of cholesterol , on the one hand, the same ones, in general, fractions are transport components of cholesterol to deliver it to different systems, a fraction is a compound of cholesterol, and fractions are such compounds, here are low density lipoproteins, which are called evil, bad, harmful, harmful cholesterol, it has the ability to release. It actively falls out of these structures and thus atherosclerotic plaques are formed, it also falls out for a reason, as they say, for this there are appropriate conditions, in our country, lets say, the risk of developing atherosclerosis progressively increases with age, and under certain circumstances, for example, smoking, alcohol abuse, poor diet, lack of physical activity, in general, when a person is on his own. Does not take care, yes, when a person does not take care of himself, this is correct, and with obesity, of course, certain conditions are created, systemic inflammation, and, lets say, this inflammation does not affect only fat. There are also high lipoproteins density, this is good cholesterol , we are trying in every possible way to increase it in reasonable ways, so it prevents the formation of these same plaques, so the higher it is, the better, the lower low density lipoproteins, which by the way are an image. There are also triglycerides, which we also evaluate , when we look at the cholesterol profile, this is a form of fat storage, and if they are very high, this is also an unfavorable moment, it can also be influenced, but why do our cholesterol levels increase in general . Do you think the main ones some such moments, well, food , of course, of course, of course, unhealthy diet, yes, unhealthy nutrition, but we have acquired factors, and there are congenital characteristics, there is such hereditary hypercholesterolemia, so that it is clear, hypercholesterolemia, hyper is a lot, cholesterol is understandable, aemia is blood, that is , a high level, high level of cholesterol in the blood, what if its hereditary hypercholesterolemia . Then this is what a person was born with, in the family of most people there will be such a problem, unfortunately, such people previously, they lived quite short lives, from about 30 onwards, they could have had a heart attack or stroke and died. The second important, so to speak, important division is acquired, but acquired is , of course, well, first of all, poor nutrition, abuse, a disease of civilization, a disease of civilization, and fast food. Yeah, exactly, besides, and that the balance of macronutrients is disturbed, that is, fats, proteins, carbohydrates, yes, a lot of carbohydrates, a lot of fatty foods, or some such thoughtless ones the predominance of one component, yes, well, we remember that if we are on a highcarbohydrate diet, it seems like we dont eat too much fat, a highcarbohydrate diet is when we eat a lot of bread, yes. So mm , and this is not only an unbalanced diet, it is also alcohol abuse, nicotine abuse, with age we , our risks increase, this is not just because age in itself, but because with this age a number of changes occur , our body composition changes, we have less muscle mass, more fat mass, this increases risks of developing. Subclinical inflammation, the amount of hormones decreases, yes, the sex glands stop working, all this also contributes to the fact that we move less, and we really do as we age, most of us begin to move less, there is less strength for this, there is less interest in everything about this, well, that is, these are the factors, and the amount of adipose tissue and cholesterol is growing, there are many myths around cholesterol, for example, you can often hear, i dont eat yolk, because. I always have this is regrettable, because the yolk is generally the most valuable thing in an egg, now ill say it completely sedition, once upon a time it was surprising to me, there is more protein in the yolk than the protein itself, yes, well, that is, there is less digestible protein, protein, there is more in the yolk, so you shouldnt give up the yolk, and i repeat once again, if you overuse even vegetable oil, then cholesterol. Out of all 100, but there is another 2025 to 30 for other organs, this is the skin, yes, that very skin fat, this is the intestines, these are the gonads, and the adrenal glands, where, in fact, we have for example, most of the thyroid hormones are formed, the same testosterone is produced not only in the gonads, but also in the ovaries or testicles, but also in the adrenal glands, so there is also. Such a small factory for the production of cholesterol, so the liver is the liver, but Everything Else works too. We continue talking about fat. Cholesterol, this podcast is a deception of substances. My name is olesya nosovaya, with me is zukhra pavlova. You can watch all episodes of the podcast lab project on the website of the First Channel 1tv. Ru. About cholesterol everyone is afraid to take, not afraid, afraid to take medications, statins, statins, yes, and this is a big problem, because if statins are indicated, then it is vital to take them. And for life. Yes, its for life, firstly, secondly. Is vital, otherwise everything could end extremely tragically, its not a matter of a persons choice , its not a question, i want to take statistic drugs, i dont want to take statistic drugs, thats it, but if the situation hasnt reached the point where the doctor prescribes these medications, then as they say, you can you can fight a little change your diet, yes, you can somehow reduce other factors, the same smoking and so on and so forth, but if you stop smoking, then the risk. The development of such catastrophic cardiovascular events is reduced by 56 . What do you even need to say after this . Well, yes, but now the problem is not only in cigarettes, now there is also a problem in vapes, vaping turns out to be even worse, yes, even worse, but we dont have compulsory medicine, so the doctor cannot force the patient to unfortunately there is not always enough time to explain to a person, how important is it if to him. It is indicated to take statins, that they really need to be taken, the latest data on one of the representatives of the statin class, the study proved a neuroprotective effect, that is, people who take statins, and the risk of developing such a terrible disease as alzheimers is less than those who other dementias, i was horrified to learn that alzheimers is only one of forty possible dementias; dementia is senile. Lives still need to be changed, because the number in the analyzes is an important