They take certain things at home screenings, that is, blood is taken there for a special test a piece of paper, is sent to a special center, where a genetic analysis is carried out for the maximum amount, and this is just a medical service, you dont look anyone in the eye, they just give you some kind of table, yes, but nevertheless, in general, this is done here this is for everyone, its like any screening, you know, that is, when the coverage is maximum. Limiting potentials simply filters out what it means in russian, for example, that a newborn baby can wake up from the mothers voice, quiet, gentle, which is addressed to her, at the same time, if a cannon fire occurs, he will not wake up, because this structure will cut off all transcendental impulses, and the child is simply programmed for a small number of stimuli that are close to him and important, because this is, you know, like another legend, on the topic of how, uh, a child cant see at birth, when they confuse him with blind puppies and kittens, but they, in my opinion, i remember, they dont focus, it feels like they dont focus their eyes on you. No, they are for vision, these are 3040 cm, and these are 3040 cm they focus, they just have the optimal focus because the mothers face when breastfeeding is at approximately this distance, they dont need to look at lighthouses on the open sea, so in fact they dont need to have such farsightedness, then theater, theatrical performance for. The best thing for a child is a focus on some contrasting images, studies were carried out on the face of the mother and all newborns, again, they distinguish, well, in fact, schematic images of the human face, the socalled emoticons, yes, that is, smiles, they are unhappy there. Facial expression, this is what they understand, they react to this vegetatively, in fact, in a child everything is aimed precisely at survival, therefore the child can move a little and the smallest newborn along the mothers chest in order to reach the corresponding source of milk, by and large , everything develops in the child as it should, it cannot be accelerated, well, unfortunately, it can be slowed down, if. Such a monotonous hum, this also calms him down, that is, in fact, all those techniques that are associated with calming child, they are aimed, as it were, at returning inside the womb, simply that is, there is a repertoire, but if you come to practical advice, that is, there is what you need to listen to and what you dont need, im afraid that there is a repertoire, it can be found on the internet, thats exactly where we started, when you said that there are too many sites with different information, there are probably recipes right there, right . What you need to listen to, well, you can combine that you need to listen to classical music, modern music, but personally i wouldnt play to my children when they were little and now i have a granddaughter, so i tried not to play modern repertoire for her, the problem is that when they grow up and become teenagers, they still start listening to it, well, if this is a problem, its their choice they do it later, well, i think that at least for a more developed brain. More, at least, well, he continues to develop, he continues to develop all his life, but at least its probably normal to return to that rebellious stage later classic. He lives for months in order to, well, to receive milk from his mother, but, well, when we transfer him to artificial feeding, a completely different clinker turns out, but, youre right, konstantin, because any branch of pediatrics it s like a separate universe, you can talk about this for a very long time, and if you come up with some kind of series of programs about certain subsections, i think that you and i will be able to cover on. You see, in this it seems to me that this is exactly the mission, yes, because that after all, information from the car, if you need doctors you can trust, then you need to see these doctors and talk to them and hear them, yes, otherwise you will listen to something else, because a holy place is never empty, so this that would be great, thank you very much, thank you, this is the podcast baden baden, today we talked about pediatrics with andrei alekseevich stepanov, the chief specialist in pediatrics of the department. Affairs of the president of the russian federation. Hello, this is the psyche podcast, in which we continue to deal with the most typical, the most painful, most striking requests of our viewers. But today we. Will experiment with the format and analyze three quite popular requests with which people come to psychologists, with two psychologists at once, but without heroes, and these two psychologists represent different approaches, different concepts, we to some extent lets contrast and discuss what strategies could be, it is clear that there is not one, maybe even not two, today to our. Casti is already known to our viewers artur timofeev, clinical psychologist, candidate psychological sciences. Hello arthur. Hello everybody. And daria pankratova, analytical psychologist. Today i asked my colleagues to present those areas that are not the only ones for them, but as i understand it, they are one of their favorites. Yes. Arthur will speak from the perspective of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Daria will present us with a paradigm, a concept. Jungian analysis, then let us briefly, in a nutshell, please introduce your direction. Cognitive psychology began quite a long time ago, but takes its origins, well, most likely from, probably, even the works pavlov, yes, wellknown to everyone, our brilliant physiologist, at least he had two directly key discoveries for cognitive psychology, he proved the structure of the conditioned reflex, but. In these ruthless experiments with dogs, remember . Not only, but also. By the way, as far as i remember, pavlov was quite humanistic, and he treated experiments with dogs rather as a necessary evil. Besides this, i would like to say that pavlov did another very important thing, and he discovered such a thing as the second signaling system, that is, our speech, but what about the first . Here is the first, for example, our feeling. And he discovered that due to the second signaling system it is possible to interact with the first, that is, words influence feelings, influence our sensations, well, for example, if we talk about the experience of anxiety, these are sensations, but through words, we can influence how a person feels, what kind of anxiety he experiences or how it goes away. Further, behavioral therapy, it developed in the works, and. Versions of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which probably takes into account some human experiences, and naturally, or does everything just come down to reflexes, no, no, no, naturally, the model now. Is much more complicated than it was then, nevertheless, there are some commonalities, for example, the idea that through cognition, that is, through our thoughts , which are expressed in words, we can influence emotions and we can correct our own behavior, i understand correctly that you work only with consciousness, yes, naturally, in this case, a psychologist acts more like, well. Some kind of guide yes, or a trainer, if you like, but for the client, and who allows the client to learn some or more Adaptive Strategies of behavior, or a more reasonable way of thinking, yes, because occurs in some stressful situation, a person can start to think about how god, what a horror , i cant handle this, i dont know what to do, for example, hes afraid to fly, for example, this is your, just a typical situation, it seems to me, i mean for. Partly yes, rather reworking those disturbing thoughts, which visit the client while boarding the plane, during the flight, in thoughts of a healthier, more reasonable nature and naturally this reduces anxiety. What are the main positions of your direction, where do you stand . Jungs analytical psychology, here he is, his photograph, and this is a deep psychological approach, yes, the school, the psychotherapeutic model, it takes its origins, in the twentysecond year jung introduced it, and as a model, after such a protracted professional. With one side of the crisis, on the other hand very productive creative period, where he actually created it, and you mentioned freud, it all started after their breakup in 1914, and he, that is, created his own direction, while some things were still based, of course, on the concept of psychoanalysis, and analytical psychology is a psychodynamic approach, that is, an. Approach that looks at the psyche as something that develops in dynamics, and this approach will be interested in hidden motives, hidden conflicts, childhood traumas, that too , yes, and in general whats happening in the deep unconscious level, and this is a model of personality according to jung, but one of the options for depicting him, in fact, the personality is divided, if simply put, into three parts personal, everything that concerns the personality and his consciousness, yes, there will be an ego , persona, well , its correct to actually portray a persona above the ego, because a persona is like a mask, yes, actually from latin, translated from latin, this is a mask, its a kind of construct that protects the image of me, here it seems to me, that cbt therapy has no questions, but you are with this upper part, where the ego person is, you work normally, yes, everything that is within consciousness, yes, and partly unconsciously, the most interesting thing begins here, here, where anime appears and uhhuh, yes, animus, the self appears , shadow, and in general some kind of world of some kind of complete, some kind of complete mystery, uhhuh, yes, in fact, this is conscious, personal, then comes the unconscious, personal, then, after that there is still collective unconsciousness. In fact, there are three such parts, and a shadow, this is a construct in personality, which, you know, is on the border of the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious, everything that is under it is the same collective unconscious that jung, well, how to say, discovered, suggested, yes, to work with this, with this concept, freud worked to the personal unconscious, thats where their breakup actually happened. Now a person comes to you who didnt knock on arthurs door, uhhuh, and says i have to fly on a plane tomorrow, im afraid i cant, what will you work with, everything is clear with arthur, he will tell. Viewers in fear of flying, in aerophobia . A lot of things, but most likely, some kind of traumatic experience that is unconscious, it may be very early, it may be that the person does not remember it, it may be a preverbal story, that is, before he even began to speak, and its impossible to remember this, yes, and its even possible, it could be a trauma that happened generally in the perinatal period, for example, even during pregnancy, yes, when he. In the womb , yes, yes, when for example, i dont know, mom i was experiencing some very strong stress, she had experiences in general, well, yes, on the verge of life there, death, her feelings, yes , that is, for her it was like that, or, perhaps, a very traumatic birth, well, that is, in a deep approach we would look, well that is , they would diagnose how a person defends himself, yes, what kind of method is this . Defenses, in psychodynamic approaches there is a system of seven basic defense mechanisms, psychoanalysis is called character, in analytical psychology it is called complexes, this is a way to protect yourself from unpleasant experiences, in the case of phobias, well, it always comes up the question is about fear, yes about this basic fear, this is a certain type, yes this. In principle, in my opinion, they are on such a wave, on the rise. We had an example with flying, yes, with aerophobia, and there was an example about the fact that a person somehow thinks about it incorrectly, well , lets say, in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and it is a method of therapy that works only with the present, that is, and if we are talking about cognitive methods in general, then they address the clients past quite well, but specifically cognitive. Behavioral therapy, it works according to the classics, it works mainly in the sphere of the present, but still about what thoughts and feelings arise now, and lets say, yes, we worked on the topic of flights and it disappeared, but the topic of snakes arose, that is i wasnt afraid of snakes, you worked with me, it means i have aerophobia, i come and say arthur, and now im afraid of snakes, after some time, for example, when the phobia spread from one object to another, and you know why am i afraid of snakes . But because i was walking, for example, along the path at the dacha and a snake crawled, if we we have this situation, then it will most likely still be local, and i would not consider it within the framework of something systemic, that is, aerophobia, which spilled over into a phobia of snakes, and if a person was not afraid before, well, lets say, spiders , and now he suddenly became afraid of spiders, after his aerophobia passed, of course, and no spider bit him. In exotic countries and he didnt spit poison, then we say that okay, this is something systemic, there is some kind of fear that flows, but in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy this would be rather, not in a local way of thinking, but in some general concept about how a person thinks, and even about how he perceives some kind of threat in his life, and i would. For example, deepen and specify the topic, ask okay , you are afraid of snakes, and then what, yes, thats what exactly scares you . This is a psyche podcast, and today with our psychologists we are talking about different methods of psychotherapy, as in solving a specific problem of a simple modern person, this is all applied, this is what arthur says, i more or less understand, yes, like you use this knowledge, this system. In order to help your client, well , depending on the task, yes, because the same jung, he said, said that when a person comes for analysis, you work for 3 years. His shadow, and he says, until you process the shadow, no particular archetypes for you, well, that is, only in the attention of the therapist, perhaps, that is, you need to figure it out, integrate, he called it integrating your shadow, that is, your unconscious personal parts , then, for example, you can deepen the client there if there is, well, a request for this, for greater depth, jung actually called it some kind of. I now understand why, when criticizing analytical directions, opponents say that it is almost impossible to collect evidence, but arthur, well, for me, as for a cognitive psychologist, the archetype is not a very clear concept, it is rather vague, abstract, but the word itself is a concept that is understandable to me, and yes, there really are concepts, yes, that have been shown to be common with cultural studies, well, for example, the image wheels, concept wheels, like something round, like a symbol, yes, well, thats how some symbols are, yes, this is really what is in all modern cultures, even among the papuans, you know what, lets move on to life, okay, because its very beautiful, very interesting, exciting, were talking about the theoretical part, but lets try to apply it. He wants to give up everything, he wants to somehow put it all on pause, in the annals, as he describes his situation, there is disappointment in the fact that there are no children, he and his wife wanted a child, all his friends have children yes, he doesnt have a child, in his request he does not directly connect his lack of joy only with the fact that there is no child, he rather writes it as. From the circumstances of his life, which is so joyless, but he describes his situation, his feelings like a dead end, i walk in circles and im at a dead end , its annoying that i do the same thing, its annoying that i feel like i have to, that im not confident in myself, and its difficult for me to get close to people, with my wife i often feel guilty , yes, that is, what are our keywords, is it a dead end . I feel guilty there is no joy in life, like a circumstance, childlessness, a question what should i do . We are talking about the fact that the feeling of guilt will arise from certain cognitions, for example, and there is a zone of responsibility, each of us, yes, has a certain zone of responsibility, when we fail to cope with this responsibility, we feel guilty, respectively, or. And we are talking about the fact that the guilt is true, or we are talking about the fact that the guilt is false, that is, or imposed, for example, for example, yeah, that is, true guilt is really when the problem is located within our area of responsibility, we took on this responsibility, and unfortunately we did not cope with this responsibility, then yes, then, for example, there was a promotion at work, you seemed to want it, because there was more money, yes, and a good position , you will have your own office, and then. You realize that you are not taking out, for example, taking a step back is already very difficult psychologically, you just begin to devour yourself with this guilt that you cant cope, uhhuh, uhhuh, then a psychologist can really make this situation crystal clear, give a person options , for example, well, that is, he can remain within the framework of this position, but then it will be some kind of conscious. They look at what is inside the persons value system, his beliefs, if his beliefs rather speak about what he it is important to stay in this position, because it touches some of his deep things, and deep, i mean beliefs, there, for example, the selfesteem level, and maybe even the level with. Understand what simple things he might have visual meanings in a month, in a year, to remove these, rather, some crystallized ones that are characteristic of him as a person, despite the fact that this will manifest itself in the actual field, that is, here now, these are still some more stable, more crystallized structures that are personal, but tell me some techniques that you will use, well, just so that we can do a little. To find the problem, to specify this problem, and we will solve the problem itself in a dialogue within the session, well, for example, to reformulate it and beliefs, if we find it good, his thoughts, i again dont have time, what is your task to reformulate this thought into . If this thought, i dont have time, then in itself it is not very destructive, a cognitive psychologist would rather get to the bottom of more. Maintain your own comfort, your own wellbeing, this can also be the case, and this can also be the meaning of life, but to live without being driven , in some kind of comfort, for example, because if he is not driven, is in comfort, then he comes home, not driven, but alive, and he can love more, more comfort, give more warm, pleasant feelings to your loved ones, and this is also very important. But of course, we work within actual experiences, in a fairly short period of time, in a fairly short period of time, daria, uhhuh, our client, let me remind you, yes, uhhuh , he feels a sense of guilt, and he is looking for the meaning of life, without finding it, he doesnt find it, he runs around in a circle, drives himself even more into such an unpleasant state, realizing that he is running in a circle, burdened by the absence of a child, uhhuh, well, this is the ideal client of a jungian analyst or analytical psychologist, yes, ill e