Date Time A CRISPR picture emerges on European Union GMO directive A European Court ruling widely interpreted to mean that all gene-edited organisms are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) may not be as prescriptive as many first assumed. The view emerges in an article co-authored by John Innes Centre scientists Professor Wendy Harwood and Dr Penny Hundleby alongside EU scientists and law academics. In the ruling of July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) confirmed that organisms obtained by newer methods of directed mutagenesis such as genome editing are not excluded from the scope of the EU GMO directive.