Be a deescalation part of the russian life true story of the territory held by antigovernment forces and syria. But if anything the bombing is escalating here in eastern guta in a mask. The uns head of the International Commission of inquiry on syria says the government siege of the area involves the International Crimes of indiscriminate bombing and deliberate starvation of the civilian population. There are reports that at least three hospitals have been hit with the help of the Russian Air Force on the iranian backed groups syrias president is pursuing the last major pockets of territory held by his opponents in western syria. The offensive intensified after fighters from one rebel group shot down a russian aircraft on saturday. Now the syrian army says its deployed add offenses and anti aircraft missiles to its front lines in aleppo and it led to cover northern airspace i had there from the us four hundred a russian and they are controlled by the russian intelligence not the Syrian Regime so this is russia we need to understand there is an direct confrontation between the u. S. And russia that its dangerous because at the same time turkey is trying to force its presence in the area northwestern syria is where turkey is carrying out an operation to push Kurdish Forces out of afrin its using syrian airspace and has got russias agreement to do so but at the same time the Syrian Government has threatened to shoot down turkish jets turkey also wants to wipe e. G. Out of another northern syrian town damage but there are u. S. Forces there too much to the irritation of the turkish president begin your producer now that you can why are you there go ahead and leave who did you bring there the y. P. G e p k k you took them there and youre still telling us not to come too many we would come to malaysia could deliver the land to its true owners. As ever across syria its civilians who are caught in the middle the un wants fighting across the country to flee suspended for a month to allow the sick and wounded to get out and aid to get in. Aljazeera. A magnitude six point four earthquake has hit east in taiwan killing at least two people and injuring more than two hundred others on the island the quake has brought down a hotel and several other buildings were also severely damaged the lawyers for the kenyan opposition politician and goodman guna have told aljazeera that hes been deported to canada after being charged with treason he was arrested after taking part in a mock swearing in ceremony for the Opposition Leader. The gouda seen here on the left was next to last week when he declared himself the peoples president rejecting you who can unite us reelection now the us secretary of state Rex Tillerson has that colombian president appointed Manuel Santos in bogota the countrys peace efforts with rebel groups was one of the topics discussed as was the crisis in neighboring venezuela we had a very Extensive Exchange on how we can Work Together along with others in the region through the lima group all to move through the oas to restore democracy in venezuela and there is this is our only objective is to save it as well to return to its constitution return to duly elected assembly and to hold free and Fair Elections and give it as well and people the right for their voices to be heard in elections. Shares on wall street have been seesawing rapidly between positive and negative territory after some losses on monday which caused fulls in markets around the world the Dow Jones Industrial average open two percent down to seven days for one half percent but stocks that are stabilized those were the headlines here on aljazeera be back with more news in thirty minutes next is partition borders of blood. August donna claimed the front photo of british pop as mr jinnah governor general of the new dominion arrives at the constituent assembly in karachi. August one nine hundred forty seven. A century of british rule over its indian empire comes to an end guest of honor in the muslim capital while older laid him out of bed carrying out one of our love by his regal guilt is all the population of india look at that. The new nation of pakistan is cool. Even mildly stage will set all british role to give place to the fuel dominion of india. A day later across a newly drawn border leaders celebrate the birth of the republic of india. Freed from colonial rule the creation of these two countries completes a long struggle for independence and here is the gore we believe that we did anyway. And now the time can then been shown to be mild. But even before the celebrations are over chaos iraqs. Panic and fear sets in as neighborhood turns on neighbor unleashing mass violence. Millions leave their homes. The celebrations were or was marred by the blood they took place against the backdrop of perfect violence. And. People who a year before we tended to each others wedding parties in each other raping each others daughters roasting each others babies on spit. With human passions are unleashed. None of us can can foresee what could happen. While historians recount the horrors of the past for those who lived through them its like yesterday. Were going to lord a move or have been lucky though when the yardbirds or problem of their will to monitor. The eighty six year old Joginder Singh kohli was a young teenager in india at the time. Seventy years on he still remembers how muslims hindus and sikhs turn on each other. Or when they were you know one who would go if you hear oh they rated movie. With the word in the out. Again that of the moon. Or when the world was he would want to go to. The locus of. The world would you they walk all over or. Where you. Were for drug or. Who or what do. We want. Or who are here to learn who will go in the. Ground who are. On the other side of the border in pakistan the memories are just as strong in one nine hundred forty seven saladin colleagues family were muslims in india hes never forgotten how he escaped the killing but others didnt. We were staying in our. House on six september one thousand nine hundred eighty seven six oclock when my mother was saying to us prayer i heard a shriek cowing somebody. I turned and i saw a stick with a sword in the hand coming in my sisters wedding and. Was the enter the. Room of my mother killed her and they ran toward us this is the house saladin fled his home in fear of his life when he returned the horror lay in front of him when i enter the house it was just making the euro the. Holes nothing sort of holes. Then you see your own mother. Drenched in blood. And stomach open then started coming up how would. How did it all come to this. Many point the finger at indias then colonial masters. When britain ruled india it was the giulini empires crown plundered for its natural resources. But in the devastating aftermath of World War Two britain had its own problems on the homefront. Was returned to london with renewed interest in the community and the country and bankrupted itself fighting itself to death of the nazis. And so british Authorities Say that it was the exhaustion of them power and the bankruptcy of the mother country that led to the realization that the simply no way the british could keep this enormous empire in chains the moment to come to head back home to a land of rationing drugs or low light and leave the exotic plagues of india behind. After decades of crushing any Movement TowardsIndian Independence postwar britain had not had the wheel or the might to fold on to its common. There was massive demonstrations across india and there was. An awareness that the leaders the finns struggle could call strikes and protests which would paralyze the country. Seizing the moment of british weakness three leaders spearheaded the push for independence. You are allowed nehru Mohammad Ali Jinnah and one hundred k. Gandhi. At first they shared the goal of a free and united india one country one people regardless of religion. Thousands of National Proud the great turn to hear the message of gandhi. Leader of the demands for indias independence. Was mark mcgann you mobilize the masses who gave them the language of things like civil disobedience and nonviolence who spoke of the nationalist struggle is a struggle for truth he gave it a strong modernistic fervor and he completely inspired the masses to rise up behind him for gandhi himself a lifelong preacher of nonviolence and gandhi when tom fairly quickly to establish himself as the spiritual leader of the Indian National congress led freedom struggle. The Indian National congress was a Political Party made up of the elite of hindu and muslim society. It had been pushing for self rule since the turn of the twentieth century. With gandhis mobilization of the masses the party transformed into a populist movement and attracted new leaders with new ambitions men like to warlow ne root never was very attracted to my gandhi and gandhi was very impressed with and he was gone these handpicked provision to lead the the sort of Political Party the National Movement gandhi himself never took any political position didnt want one and nearly everything from leading the Indian National congress as one of its youngest ever president s to becoming eventually the first Prime Minister of independent india and mr nader presided over the first Cabinet Meeting both nehru and gandhi were hindus but the third member of the influential trio was a Muslim Mohammed ali jinnah one of the legion or was an extremely interesting man educated very anglo file in fact culturally far more on your file than the new the nehru of gandhi. Over his dressed in western clothes had western habits and enjoyed his caution and his source agism as ham sandwiches. He wasnt particularly strongly Observant Muslim and a man who was hailed. As the ambassador of hindu muslim unity. A lawyer jinnah began his political life within the hindu dominated Indian National congress. Later on he also joined the muslim me a group protecting the Muslim Minority. Both parties were fighting for an independent india which at the time was ginas ultimate goal jinnah in strongly opposed to the idea of a separate muslim nation and indeed he is saying this is british divide and rule they want us to be divided weve got to stand together weve got to fight for our freedom if we dont fight for ive read together we will never be free but he increasingly gets sidelined by a new Younger Generation of leadership among whom particularly there is there is never who is his nemesis handed now who calls for an indian republic is accused by the league of working for domination over the Muslim Minority but are making everyone with britains grip on india weakening nehru and the Indian National congress grew in power nehru wanted the new india to have a strong Central Government run by his party. This alarmed general who argued muslim majority regions should govern themselves it was a losing battle winner realized that given the imbalance in Political Support between the league and the congress that the only way the league was ever going to actually come to any significant power was by advocating a separatist plan. Thousands of kilometers away in London Records revealed deeper insights into the fallout between juno and nehru and this is one of the repositories of which the number in. At the National Archives private letters jinnah sent to british officials shows a relationship beyond repair at this point is extremely suspicious of the congress and he feels as its purpose it would be prepared to seize power by force that the may have been infiltrated the Indian National army. And that he regrets thats the Muslim League havent organized in the same way so were talking a serious mistrust of this yet i think this in the Case Complete breakdown in trust between between the two policies and the and the you know its the leadership of those policies new delhi and although the scene looks quite gina and nehru had first come together to fight the british now they were fighting each other the servant is against the Muslim League to reach the danger of life by nine hundred forty six any hope of a united india had evaporated autoworker god but beneath the surface enmity between muslim and him the breakdown at the top of indian politics was mirrored on the streets as tension spilled over into violence. Chaos erupted in major cities first pictures of a grim audio post by british an indian probe during the worst riots in the history of calcutta. Road vantec in many places higher pitched battles continued between muslims and windows for muslims the fear of being ruled by hindus convinced them they needed their own separate nation. Even jr the man once hailed as the symbol of hindu muslim unity now demanded an independent pakistan. After a sentry a british power in india the empires hand was finally forced. Charged with overseeing the withdrawal was a decorated while officer one who would go down in infamy louis malle batter. New delhi airfield and the arrival of the viceroy designate mo batten is a sort of vaguely comic character looking back. Prancing peacock who loved his robes and costumes and love to appear as the viceroy not particulate matter. A man of some chrisma a man of great sort of personal selfworth he was received i think he you know whatever little homework he did was fairly modest and when he got to india i think it was a crash course he started meeting the various leaders had his own likes and dislikes inevitably but very quickly decided that the thing had to be this hot potato had to be dropped as quickly as possible and mr byrd his hands and those of his those of his masters as his the english government lauder lady mountbatten have taken their places on the throne because mountbatten became viceroy of india in march nine hundred forty seven britain had originally planned to leave india more than a year later in june one thousand nine hundred eighty eight but mountbatten wasnt going to wait that long mountbatten decided to accelerate even faster partly because he found his control on the control of the british soldiers over india slipping and so here celebrated to august fifteenth one hundred forty seven and with that headlong rush into disaster happened with the british unable and unwilling to prevent some of the horrors that were unfolding before their very eyes horrors unleashed by hastily drawn lines on a map the northwest state of punjab was home to hindus sikhs but mostly muslims it was split with one side forming the bulk of pakistan in the northeast of india the state of bengal was cut into the predominantly muslim eastern half made up another part of pakistan. Separated by newly two thousand kilometers of indian territory it would eventually become the independent country of bangladesh wasnt well thought out was ill thought out. When the british had to draw a line they pulled in the Civil Servant who had never been to india before and was sitting in his cots well garden when he was told that he had fly next week to india and divide the country into. And no one was pleased with the line he drew inevitably. British in august one nine hundred forty seven as the flags of india and pakistan were raised ordinary citizens were left in the dark as to what this meant for them. On that day. In august that show boundary had been unsuccessful to know whether they were in india or pakistan where they could stay where they lived for centuries where theyd have to move and its only after the people tune into their ideas to hear whether they will now be part of pakistan or india everyone. Suddenly people found themselves on the wrong side of a new border muslims in india are hindus and sikhs in pakistan. There had been ethnic fighting between muslims hindus and sikhs before the partition set off an unimaginable massacre out of the horrors of fires like the blitz the the villages are all burning hayricks are on the platforms to literally wash with blood because hello to hindus waiting on the platform to travel to india to be massacred on another platform was covered in blood because the training just arrived from india full of dead muslims. Total chaos. In the rural areas hideous scenes of pregnant women lying with their bellies ripped open babies literally rested on the beds and journalists in ninety four the seven who had covered the opening of the nazi concentration camp there were two or three journalists who had covered that and then ended up covering partition and they said that they saw more gruesome things in the punjab punches side than they ever did in the concentration camps muggle born white the photographer writes a graphic description and she says you know i saw ushers but what i saw in the punjab was a million times. At the time the british estimated two hundred thousand died in the violence the consensus today among most historians is that the death toll was at least a million and the british had lost control long before partition and that became clearly evident and visible in nine hundred forty seven but in a way more terrible than anyone had ever expected. It was a complete and utter mess total mirth some suggest that britain was aware of the impending horrors that would come with dividing up the indian subcontinent it was a mess made worse by britain abandoning its colonies so quickly in the stockmen which is which is a telegr