Suffered a major defeat in 1000 advance in full gear priests serbia and montenegro in the 1st balkan war. Theyve lost the european territory but the defeat did initially ease the relationship between the arabs of the Ottoman Empire and the young turks governments. Able to focus. On the. Well. I suppose. I would do it. When we. Went to faff. That would include how it was that the what the rethought. For fear i mean what are you. I the thought of. The 1st world war started at the end of july 19th 14. Britain france and russia the central powers the germany austriahungary and bulgaria. Shortly after the ottomans opted just supports germany. Look out over a 1000000 things i know well and who walk. So fast it is generally a funny. Little sit when i came to shit i see kind of home. That was set for most of them by about an f one how to see by their own mouth off with money its out of show you. Are liberal did the. National heart of. Political. Who are the starlet. I look at remove. My knee i mean. To be a highly. Mean cold mean. Politically and he really thought that i were legit or i must be really really really brilliant or so youre going to talk doggy into luckily my mother took. Me in there but i also learned by her the Libyan Government also will put. A roof doleman head the head of a says he cannot afford it and we had definite well. Well what he had there that you know let me get to an end and method of what lobo can a to read woman who wore in again ill bring the most forward with theft moved down the hall and we had death. In february 1915 frustrated by the stock meeting war in europe the british open to an Eastern Front against the ottomans on the dardanelles straits they imagined the ottoman army as weak and easier to defeat as the way of taking on germany and ending the war. Russia however was more concerned about its use of ottoman waterways so the russians asked britain and france to sign an agreement to guarantee their own share of the spoils after the war. The russians were keen to seize more as Cultural Capital as a sort of restoration of orthodox christianity after. 5 centuries of all of the rule and so with the outbreak of the 1st world war on the eve of the can the police station. The russians wanted to secure their allies commitment to granting istanbul and the straits to the russian empire and this becomes an exchange of documents known as the constantinople agreement concluded between march and april 1915. Britain france and russia entered into the constantinople agreement which granted the russians certain ottoman territories and waterways. However this agreement the way for another secret deal as london and paris started to plot exactly what they wanted from a region that was gaining strategic significance in the coming age of oil. You could really say that britain and to the war without any clear territorial ambitions in their territory they could not at the stage of the constantinople agreement identify one place that they wish to add to their empire but they reserve the right to do so as soon as they worked out what their priorities were and so in a sense the constantinople agreement really is the 1st of the wartime partition agreements that will begin to shape the way in which the arab provinces will be carved up primarily between britain and france since russias interest lay mostly in turkish territories so very British Fashion the british created a committee called the debunks and committee and its remit was to look into. The sort of the options for britain so that when the time for negotiations with the french came up the british would be well prepared know what they wanted and this is actually something that the british did throughout the war and right to the end of the war. So in april 1915 the british start up a committee headed by the diplomats more. To define their interests in the ottoman territories its made certain assumptions about what its ally france would expect from any potential deal. I mean a few who. Are there to upset if you could walk and if it is you you really do there and leave front. Man a sort of in the front seat going to be a call on it right now i will certainly be in the must i look at the month and the thought that if you have a month with you probably have your month what will really be a month of britains interests are most likely to be in completing its imperium of the persian gulf by securing the territories of the province the bus right in baghdad linked as they were to persian oil fields and other done island in the shot that are up. Nicely completing dominion that stretched right around the earth coastline of the persian gulf which it would take since an 820. 00 s. Good morning gentlemen are doing so to get on some time to settle. And its youngest. And most carefree. Mark sykes who was kitcheners military assistant kitchener was the secretary of state for war and he delegated the job of sitting on the committee sykes mark sykes had been born into a wealthy family in yorkshire in the north of england in 879. He studied at Cambridge University and was elected as a conservative member of parliament. In 1000 enough. He like to give the impression of being an expert on the middle east based on his travels in the region but he was not quite the authority as it was sometimes assumed. He presented the Bunsen Committee with his vision of a new near east region his riches i tell you and this will be our use ive come up himself with a different plan which is something completely different a much more Old Fashioned that was to create a quarter of across the middle east so he was planning to divide the middle east between france and britain. And create a belt of english controlled country that stretched across from the mediterranean coast to the mountains on the iranian from and back to the century as a as a affront to britain could control and keep other people away from the red sea and the persian gulf. That was rejected by the defense i wish i were older wiser heads said you know that why work your. Way into line 1915 the debunks in Committee Recommended dividing the Ottoman Empire into several provinces over which britain would seek influence rather than exercise direct control. But when sykes was sent to the middle east and india he began to revert to his original idea of a british cordon from the mediterranean to iraq. So far from your knowledge of the air out of the question. Where would you say that a legion slot. Between us and the french. Tragically all arabs approach. Not exactly empty french but frightened of financial exploitation and they are frightened of French Colonial methods. But there are many christians in syria in the limited particular how do they fit the christians or is afraid at the bottom of their hearts as the muslims and only in syria at Training Center is present everywhere because they know what the french do that feeling pretty well runs all through there is the French Nationalist Party which is sentimental still harking back to the crusades. So science returned and as the current sort of started to come together he was called into downing street at the end of the year on the 16th of december 1950 and then. He mustve gone with a map as well because he got into them the meeting with the cabinet the Prime Minister and his chief ministers sitting around the cabinet table in downing street i believe they fear an arab caliphate. Is an independent stage a common language the arabs of tunis algeria and morocco in regional cause they control entirely the french nationalists believe that if the allies when they want syria and palestine and north mesopotamia likes appeared to be someone who is very knowledgeable and in fact in that Cabinet Meeting that he went to in december 1950 in. It or that the result of the Cabinet Meeting was that one of the cabinet ministers he was there believe that he could speak arabic and turkish but in fact he could speak neither language so he he dotted his speech with arabic phrases that sort of thing to give himself the appearance of being an expert when in fact he was more of a gifted amateur what do you think we should do some are. I think to counteract the french war aims. We require diplomacy. Do you think diplomacy will achieve with the fridge i dont want to make any suggestions except on very general lines. That i feel we ought to settle with france as soon as possible and get a definite understanding about syria what sort of arrangement would you like to have with the french what would you say to them i would like to process. South of haifa apart from the attitude of tourists. If you have it is just to be very. Good and the who. Your forgot to bark lisa fuck off. I mean there were funny. Men and with. Guns and no. Idea of how old men would love to mop up a female for a few months of the chemical its most important that we should have a bout of english controlled country between the sharif of mecca and the french in syria what would you do the french i should like to draw a lot. In asia. To the last can cook and this must all be settled before we can take military action against the turks in syria. We must find out what the french actually in system having they do multiple syria they can both be merely a military purposes we must make terms with props. Which means we must make terms. About. Right to. Britain has identified the territories of the Ottoman Empire its wanted in order to protect its interests in the suez canal and the area provinces. But this clan was dependent on fruits and friends winning the war which at the start of 1015. 00 was almost at a standstill on the western front in europe. The allies decided to open an Eastern Front against the ottomans. The ill fated gillet Police Campaign ran between april 19th 15 and january 19th 16. When its finally field the allies including australians and new zealanders suffered a major setback. This monument commemorates the ottoman victory in which around 80000 allied troops were killed. This defeat at the police and later includes mystically timeo caused the british to enter into more secret deals over the middle east. Coming up how the british conspired we should be focusing on mcconnell to strike back at the ottomans through an arab revolt the british adopt the sharif of mecca as the partners that were essential. In the propaganda war with the ottomans to demonstrate that the muslim world was better off on the allied side the fight with the audience let me explain why we must and sikes. Negotiate peace to feasts to get what they both want from the middle east well if we cannot have palestinian my government was suddenly not allow britain to control my government would take the same view. But then we need to find another solution. For we come to blows. And so. Now we can draw. What is resistance. In akra people are grabbing social and political issues by the horns. And time to sing creativity. And protest to challenge and change ideas. A gun a controversial to witness documentary on aljazeera. The latest news as it breaks. With details coverage no one is willing to return home to me on my own without sort of the ship papers and security guarantees from around the world the challenges facing the new Prime Minister. Negotiate the new threats that feel in one day a deal the e. U. Says cannot be renegotiated. Aljazeera explores prominent figures of the 20th century and how rivalries influenced the course of history steve jobs a much better market youre going to bill gates for apple is going to reinvent the boom made software what it is today will change the world to high tech visionaries whose breakthroughs inspired the digital revolution jobs and gates face to face on aljazeera. With. Them. Elegant pieces over here in the top stories from aljazeera saddams former president Omar Al Bashir has gone on trial on charges of corruption hes accused of possessing foreign currency and accepting bribes attentive in court said he received millions of dollars from saudi arabia the military removed Omar Al Bashir from power in april after months of antigovernment protest people morgan has more from khartoum witnesses who were inside the hall described him as being very composed very confident but theyre saying that members of his family who were inside were very emotional and were saying that he should not be tried because as a former president or rather when he was president he had immunity that therefore exclude him from having to be facing from having to face trials however one thing we will not see in these hearings is that he will be charged with and internationally with what the International Criminal court is presenting against him. A Syrian Government airstrike a certain area close to a Turkish Military convoy advancing on the northwest of syria the government says the convoy was heading towards an area near concha kuhn in italy province one rebel commander was killed turkey is strongly condemning the strike and says the convoy was heading to an observation post as part of a deal with its International Partners irans warning the u. S. Not to seize its oil tanker in open waters after it set off from to brawl to last night the vessel was detained in july on accusations of violating sanctions shortly after it was seized iran detained a british tanker. As for the release of the violating british tanker we need to wait for the court order there have been several maritime violations made by that ship so the court is looking into it hopefully as soon as possible the process will be complete and the courts verdict will be out whatever that may be it could be a release order hopefully it will be released as soon as possible afghanistan has prospered celebrations marking 100 years of independence following an attack on a wedding hall on saturday i saw has claimed responsibility for the bombing that killed 63 people in kabul it is one of the worst attacks in afghanistan this year. Pakistan says Indian Security forces have fired across the line of control in the disputed kashmir region several civilians are reported to have been killed on the pakistani administered side both countries are blaming each other for the recent violence those are your headlines the news continues after sykes pekoe ill have the news hour for you in about 28 minutes see that. We must retain full control. In the late 1915 early 1960 region both britain and france were exercised by how they might divide up the ailing Ottoman Empire between them so the allies ultimately win the 1st war. But when they suffered a serious defeat at belittling britain looked at alternative ways of attacking the ottomans and undermining their support for germany. But now the ottomans on a victory might be able to provoke uprisings in the india and egyptian muslim populations that so far theyve not been able to effect its at that point different begins to really consider how it might turn the tables on the audience and force them to fight in their own territory against an internal uprising so to address that challenge they turned to that sharif of mecca who had already made overtures to the british about concluding an alliance to secure their position now all of a sudden the british the dot the sharifs of mecca the partners that were essential. In the propaganda war with the ottomans to demonstrate that the muslim world was better off on the allied side than fighting with the ottomans. In 1000. 00 or 8 the ottomans had appointed should each post in been highly as the wily the governor of his us area towards the red sea. He was from the hashemite in his team in mecca of which he was the emir. His sons faisal and the representatives and Ottoman Parliament but is with the ship with istanbul deteriorated in recent years but that effort was going to show you that soon. Either me. And know. If you stumble some you too many and some you just are going to have to have the thought of going on. With many heavy for. Your army your already home. There on the pier got a pretty good acme phil show you. Your i mean. I love you theyre all difficult. To jazz you know who or what do you think i should offer you. A home and i saw a model for jazz. In the. Me that there were as many. Really. As many yakkers. Do all that off the i was many a how come yet this was what a crowd was good on about are they are. In there id have allowed that spirit and then her referred to as many if it would be. Her. Lee. At the ottoman ruler of great. Her syria jamal pasha executed a group of arabs in damascus and beirut in 19151916 they were accused of being separatists and of supporting the british and french this hard determination of the Arab Nationalists to separate from ottoman rule and to create an independent arab States Hussein didnt have any modern ideas of nationalism but he wanted more autonomy under the ottoman. Empire but its only gradually that he was drawn into what became an Arab National movement a full scale revolt against the ottomans and this wasnt an easy decision for the sharif maker to make because the ottomans were fellow muslims. And he was siding with an infidel. Against fellow sunni muslims. There had been conversations between the british and the hushed moritz before the war but in july 915 sharif christine wrote to the british high commissioner in cairo sir henry mcmahon. He offered his support against the ottomans in return for british support for an independent kingdom that would include the provinces in the arab peninsula and be ruled by the hashemites. Service 7 either a. 3rd of the. Muscle over here that did but there was a lot of could be up early may how about you see a fella. There with a limb as it ought to be cleaned. To clean it off and the other one for the upper limit as a seal mccoll with an associated double of the labia coming that a muzzle of the key is that there were a lot of be absolutely. Ill most earth early. But a source of his ability to team a la la plata most but the map but he thought what the limits of the fish others as they saw the you were a scary few. Months of. The correspondence continued