A meeting brokered by Vladimir Putin and the. But after walked out of the last minute the collapse of those talks has been a setback for International Efforts to end the conflict many are now waiting to see whether leaders from 12 countries can achieve what eluded put in an add on in moscow and persuade rival factions to reach a truce while the bill in conference is trying to do is get agreement between the states meddling in libya to stop their support of the warring parties problem is that western states are not ready to put pressure on half thoughts front office in particular the u. A. E. So the promise is that performance will many controlling it in ring hollow german chancellor Angela Merkel is pushing for a permanent ceasefire in libya and implementing an arms embargo but that may not be an easy task libya has been marred by an Armed Conflict for years. Is leading an offensive to capture tripoli backed by the u. A. E. Eurabia friends and russia the general has brushed aside reconciliation efforts. Hes intent on. Defeating his opponent as Prime Minister of the International Recognized government based in tripoli. Any talks taking place when tripoli is under a question is an absolute disrespect for those who are killed for the sake of democracy it is a disrespect for those forced out of their villages and cities have to has a list of demands he wants armed factions in the west to disband and his Libyan National army to take over hes also made it clear that the military and maritime deal said was just government signed with turkey should be scrapped for the leaders attending the berlin peace talks the libyan conflict has reached a Tipping Point violence is on the rise and an arche has paved the way for a wave of mass in areas to join the conflict raising fears it could be a prolonged and spillover threatening your security thats why the International Committee is determined to end war in libya. Berlin. Well in yemen at least 38 government soldiers have been killed in an attack on a military camp in the Northern Region of my web some reports say as many as 60 died sources say who the rebels were behind the attack. The 1st migrants from a caravan moving north through got of are have been allowed to mexico there were scuffles at the crossing earlier Central American countries are under pressure from the u. S. To stop them reaching the border most of the migrants are fleeing honduras at least 6 people have been killed by flooding and landslides in southeastern brazil rescuers are trying to find people buried under the mud Officials Say this rain just fell in just 24 hours. Did the u. S. House impeachment managers have filed a brief laying out their arguments for charges being brought against President Trump the senate trial has formally opened with Opening Statements expected on tuesday the white house says the proceedings are a brazen and lawful attempt to overturn the results of the 26th election. East africa is seeing an increase in swarms of locusts adding to fears Food Supplies could be limited to the region still reeling from floods and drought kenya is one of the worst affected countries the insects flying together by the millions that have destroyed hundreds of thousands of hectares of crops and some of the worlds most vulnerable areas those who have lots more news in half an hour next on aljazeera its face to face mandela and the clerk. At my heart for france the nowhere journey no back on their. Forehead or broken off their status often Nobel Peace Prize winner. I would also like take this opportunity. The power regulate my conversion of federal law. A president f. Government here had the car to. Go and make. That terrible wrong at the current to our country and. Through the imposition of the system of about. December 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the clear the last white president of south africa ive years ago. People would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr madela and i would be joining the disappearance of the 99. 00 if a bill. Yet both of us. Are before you today behind the coty of school chooses the 2 leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. Were living below bowdens. We disagree strongly all key issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that plane against one of them and in my own country not withstanding the cement the spro quest which we have made. All the 3000 people have died in Political Violence. Since the beginning of this year mandela and declare partners as much as rivals to characters representing a cruising catholics engaged in unwilling to move to solutions a political and personal june that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the plants. 7 kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime and i many people feel that it is useless and for a future for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. Under defenseless people. In 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. In the 1980 s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician it being president of the senate his uncle had been Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never in 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to post more prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. Identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my 988. 00 until easily they met some got 50 times or 48. 00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat that. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain her face the president s office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have. High expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other. Do get a fee to for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than the expected and he was also a very impressed by president of best demand others are aristocratic bearing it goes we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the 10 booze so you had natural of natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting they was the feeding that yes we can do business with each other so i did the expect that the would be positive about the colon sick of negotiators but we both of void did talking about their real challenges and their real issues at that time it was a sizing up proces and serve that was the beginning of of a along and sometimes very very rocky relationship unfriendly the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 30 7000000. 00 South Africans were turned towards keep ton for the opening of parliament politik declare quiz about to pronounce his 1st a general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction it is time for us to break out of the cycle of island at do breaks through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided other following the prohibition of the African National congress the ban Africanist Congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations ease being nice and people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about the more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but now communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. The clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the siding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. Of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to address each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february. And the 1st reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. On february 11th 1990 at 5 oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet a hole determined to win freedom for his people. After 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. Overwhelmingly framed. It was like people who came to gather for the 1st time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet each other. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized on both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. A way forward and a duck to responsibility rests on us nobody else can take that response and you can imagine. With the background of the participants. 2 sides that has been fighting each other. For the hammer. Suddenly being. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know al qaida still 3 us when. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Is striking feature. Of the discussions. Which will head. If youre in the last 3 days. Has been that cordiality. We have had. Discussions on sensitive not. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding. Despite the signature of a Peace Agreement 4 months later the relationship between dick clarke and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the hoser ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. Is not just say it is the voices they are the. Truth the leaders the people those who can only assure that the beginning of a real wall is going. Oh. More people got killed in south africa between 10091904 than were killed by a part of forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the eye of p. And the a. N. C. U. T. S. But it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the 3rd force. The 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the put to lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to and and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. 100 thank you and. The National Party has got that double edge and for the negotiations process on the one hand. A talk about reform and change. That. They still want to hold on to economic and political power he said you see you dont care about the life lives of blacks that tell us you are now that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing better had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judith to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the Security Forces against my orders against the policy ive laid down who continued with politically this iraq tough underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very Senior Officers the credit cards the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldnt just walk into the military camp and say. Give up your arms the sea is taking over he had to take he had to move very carefully with the police and with the military. And he did it slowly and and Nelson Mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. To disband and to end this that for violence and that that