Leading to the square they want a change of government and accuse the current board of corruption a call you have got out to protesters to block main roads in baghdad a major highways in the south access. Police used live ammunition and fight a gas in the attempt to disperse the crowds in the capital but a standoff a suit lost in several i was angry iraq is determined to get the message across the west side of the fence if you had. The idea isnt just blocking the roads all the people here offer straighted so we make noise here to make sure that we are heard a lot about the shape of the days do you want to for months no one has listen to our demands theyre killing us its just bloodshed. Throughout the day took took 3 wheelers have been ferrying take us victims to makeshift hospitals like this one. I went to Tyrone Square in baghdad and the people wanted me to help them i was also attacked by tear gas i fell down the Security Forces have been using tear gas and live ammunition. Iraqs National Security council has authorized the arrests of protesters but so far thats had little impact on the movement there wasnt the same level of violence elsewhere in the country as the wars in baghdad and the roadblocks in the south the protest is considered a success the real question for the protest movement is where do you go from here once you started blocking off roads in the south of the country effectively cutting off the self from the rest of the country where do you escalate your demands of being listened to and thats really angry the protest movement now it really remains to be seen whether the blockade of the roads is going to work and whether the government will listen as a result of it Imran Khan Al Jazeera baghdad. The World Health Organization will hold an emergency meeting as a deadly virus france in asia it comes as the Chinese Government says that the disease can move from person to person cases of the strain of corona virus which was 1st recorded in the city of one honda have now been seen outside china in south korea and thailand. The white house is saying the charges against President Donald Trump are frivolous and dangerous less than 24 hours before his impeachment trial gets underway in a summary of his defense against accusations of abuse of power and obstruction of congress its claim the charges should be rejected and trump acquitted his lawyers say he asserted the legal rights of his office in speaking to the ukrainian president when its claimed he threatened to withhold aid unless they investigated his political rival joe biden. European Union Foreign ministers say they will look at ways to support a ceasefire in libya after a summit in berlin a week long truce has been struggling to take hold with scattered clashes around tripoli Khalifa Haftar his forces have been attempting to take the capital from the un recognized government but there are doubts about how effective any european action could be with involvement from other countries including turkey. Hundreds of Central American migrants a forced their way into mexico by wading through a river itself and border mexico has stepped up its Police Presence with hundreds of National Guard troops deployed to the area the country is on the mounting pressure to prevent them reaching the u. S. Border with President Donald Trump threatening trade sanctions if they do. And speaking to al jazeera the daughter of former president has dismissed a trove of leaked documents which suggest she siphoned hundreds of millions of dollars out of im go into offshore accounts the International Consortium of investigative journalists obtain papers which it says implicates isabelle to santos in widespread corruption she has denied any wrongdoing. Face to face is the program coming up next focusing on how a part of hate ended theyll be more news after that see a bit later. I think. Thats my thought 1st thanks but they know were join the nobel committee. For good or bad enough but their status often not that this prize winner. I would also like but take this opportunity. The problem right there late might come for a 3rd a lot of. State further than f. Government here had the car to. Go and make. That terrible wrong at the current to our country and. Through the imposition of the system of about. December 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the clown the last white president of south africa ive years ago. People would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr madela and i would be joining the disappearance of the 99 the bill. All of us. Are before you today behind the coty of school chooses the 2 leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. Will be living the opponents. Will disagree strongly all issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that plane against one of them in my own country notwithstanding the comment the spro quest which we have made. All the 3000 people have died in Political Violence. Since the beginning of this year mandela and dick clarke partners as much as really able to carry to his representing a cruising campus engaged in unwilling to negotiate missions of political and personal doom that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the products. d 7 kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime that i many people feel that it is useless and free theater for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. Under defenseless people. In 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population of the state responded with increasingly savage repression. In the 1980 s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician it being president of the senate his uncle have been Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit almost always say that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never in 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to pollsmoor prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. Identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my 988. 00 until easily they met some got 50 times or 48. 00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat that. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heise the president s office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have. High expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other. To get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected and he was also very impressed by president of mr mandelas aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the 10 boos so he had natural and natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiations but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up process and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. On february the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 37000000. 00 South Africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament didnt declare was about to pronounce his 1st general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. It is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the African National congress the pan african as congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and. People serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but no communism is dead sanaa we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. The clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the siding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about being this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. Of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to address each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february. And the 1st reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. On february 11th 1990 at 5 oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. After 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and called the cure the problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. Overwhelmingly framed. It was like people who came together for the 1st time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet each other. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized the both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. The way forward and the duct responsibility rests on us nobody else can take that response and. You can imagine. With the background of the participants 2 sides of being fighting each other. The hammer. Suddenly being. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know al qaida just 3 us. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Is striking feature. Of the discussions. Which will have head. During the last 3 days. Has been the act cordiality. We have had. Discussions on sensitive matters. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding. Despite the signature of a Peace Agreement 4 months later the relationship between de klerk and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the closer ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. Not just say it is the voices or the. Truth and only the leaders the people those who can only true the beginning of a real wall discount. Oh. More people got killed in south africa between 18091904 done were killed by a potted forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the eye of p. And the a. N. C. U. T. S. But it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the 3rd force. The 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the britain lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to. And to accuse the clerk of the statistics. 100 thank you and. The National Party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. A talk about reform and change. That. They still want to hold on to economic and political power he said you see you dont care about the life lives of blacks that tell us you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing very had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed today to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the Security Forces against my orders against the policy ive laid down who continued with politically this have rocked of underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very Senior Officers the credit cards the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldnt just walk into the military camp and say. Give up your arms the sea is taking over he had to take he had to mov