The republic of. Counting the cost of. Hello and welcome to rewind were revisiting our best documentary the pasta this week we rewind to 2013 when gang rape hits the headlines after a young indian woman was brutally attacked on a bus in delhi. Research showed that gang rape was a serious problem not just in india but right across asia in the wake of that terrible event all want to one east team travel to come which has some of the highest rates of gang rape in the region to speak to the men themselves about why they commit these crimes against women. Gang rape among the most shocking of Violent Crimes the spirity global outrage throughout asia researchers believe its far more common than most people think womens experiences of violence a well documented but the motivations of maiden have been largely in the dark. Gang rape hit global headlines in december last year the rape of a 23 year old woman on a bus in indias capital delhi shocked the world the tack which led to the womans death was so brutal that it prompted public outrage on a scale really see the cases of violence against women. People struggle to understand why such a violent assault happened what could possibly motivate young men to commit such a crime. Tonsil prot was left wondering to as a journalist and campaign a for womens rights he questions why his country cambodia is not doing the same soul searching over Violent Crimes against women here. He publishes a weekly column in the Phnom Penh Post newspaper which highlights cases of rape and abuse. Indeed is a good example like. Right. Gang rape. Cambodias capital phnom penh does not have the same reputation is delhi. Rape is something really talked about and women dont live in fear of being attacked yet below the surface lies an alarming trend new figures suggest quiet cambodia has more than doubled the right of gang rape in the media. Cambodia actually we found one of the highest rates of gang rape in any of the countries we studied 5 percent of men report that they had anticipated and gang rape here in cambodia and in other countries it was around one to 2 percent and talk to him a flu is the leader of the largest multi Country Research project on mens perpetration of rape and abuse in the world its also one of the most indepth studies ever undertaken on mens own experience of violence for u. N. Agencies surveyed more than 10000 men across asia and the pacific i dont think we could and those questions of it and i thought why would men admit to using violence why would they tell us about that me is this little handheld computer devices and they were there to enter the data but also one of the key things is was it meant that for the really sensitive questions like on right perpetration men could answer those questions in a totally anonymous way. Across the country surveyed in the region 104 main admitted to raping a woman or girl. 125 said they have taken part in a gang right. Cambodia was one of the countries where men reported the highest levels of right it was happening with very young groups of men. In cambodia so you know we for example. At least half of them in committed rape did so for the 1st time when they were teenagers and actually 15 percent was under the age of 15 the 1st time they committed rape. This comes as no surprise to tony who along with his newspaper columns has been undertaking his own research into the problem for nearly 10 years he explains gang rape can be blamed on a Cultural Practice among young cambodians known as buck the name given to a group of men having sex with one woman balck is me in my language is both is mean plus one of it bonding male bonding. There was a strong. While Strong Enough that longer than you in. Other day. Longer just offered a peer. Or 2 so project says the problem is that most men in cambodia dont think bulk is right often one man in the group will bring a woman to a guest house where his friends then join in so prac gathered information from motorbike taxi drivers who talk to groups of young men involved in bulk on the streets at night. So most of the young people are not a poor or not a high class just the middle class and aged between 18 to 23. We wanted to speak to these men ourselves to find out more but sell products warned it would be difficult he says men often hire 6 workers alone then force them into having sex with a group for some men the practice has become so normalised they do the same to their girlfriends. Is that hard to find men to talk to you about the back and right yes very out of why. We have to be rough with them. But they were all sold with you at the moment maybe that line admit that you never did it. With subplots help a group of 5 men of eventually agreed to see as. Only 3 are prepared to speak on camera and they want us to disguise their identity like the majority of perpetrators they have never faced any legal consequences for their actions and they also dont want their families to find out. That we are good friends so we want to do ball have sex together with one girl. When. We dont have money and the reason is we dont have money to hire will cause on our own. They say theyve been doing this together for 6 or 7 years since they were teenagers it began with sex workers but now any woman could be a target. Rich girl and maybe a girl from a shop. If shes pretty well tried to trick her into sleeping. Well we will get her drunk then one of us will take her to have sex. And when she does not know that the rest of us will join in. What. Do they feel bad for any of the women that go along they go screams out. For the police will be an option to the guest house and. We are afraid of that rambling and when we. Do they can figure what they are doing is right its not really great i dont know whether its report all im doing it because i cant afford a girl a male or. Great. This exchange is a glimpse into how powerful the pack mentality is for these young men and. If it was my sister and she had sex with a lot of men i would feel sorry. If its wrong with one sister why would it be right with someone elses sister when you could assume a from un women explains the actions of perpetrators are often at odds with what they see as appropriate for women in their own families there is a dimension where its almost like where young men many children are on in terms of the professional finals and women. And the degree to which that social guy mention happens to me is really a deep problem for cambodia. She says the 1st step to stopping gang rape is working with men and understanding the complex reasons behind their behavior. Men gave multiple reasons for rape in this event a sexual in title might was the most common but in cambodia anger and punishment as well as fun and boredom featured more prominently than in other countries alcohol played less of a role than many thought and if we can understand that more clearly than programming both at a governmental level but all the way down to the response level can be much more in tune with addressing the source of the problem. This park in central phnom penh is renowned as a place where men go to meet sex workers. According to the u. N. Research men who paces 6 or have multiple sexual partners is a far more likely to take part in gang right. I meet a 6 worker in phnom penh and ask her about her experience of bach. Its happens where you often to me yes more than 10 times she says men dont tell her when they want to have 6 in a group. And the baby when he comes to me for 6 he comes on alone but when i arrive at the. Mine. I have to sleep with all of them if i refuse they hit me with it do you fear for your life. When they. Return to kill us not to have a knife what i mean nice they want to make a sufferer. Says she was once forced to have sex with 15 men and it took 3 months to recover from her injuries she didnt dare go to the police prostitution is illegal in cambodia and she says Police Officers have raped her 2. People now. But it was last year 2000. And in remembered a mind. The polish caught my hands when i didnt have any money to pay down no 1. 00 would be the handcuffed me in the bathroom and hit me because i didnt have 100. 02 pay down my view to love you they all right me in the bus and i mean that legal down here way. In recent years police raids have cracked down on phnom penh brothels some say this is preventing gang rape others claim the industry has been driven underground and women and now more vulnerable to attack because they work alone. But cambodia is gang rape problem extends beyond the sex industry. Tons of private arranges for me to meet a man he describes as a ringleader who loses young women to go out with him so that he can then commit gang rape with his friends if you mind if we just have a bit of a talk with every here the man is 31 years old and married with 2 daughters he looks me in the eye while describing how he gets young women even school girls to trust him long about him i dont think theyre all you know we flirt and build a Good Relationship with our 1st. And then sooner or later we invite her to go shopping ill be unbalanced. Sometimes i read them in the car and sometimes in the cast offs i make sure that i know the owner so that its safe for me and they were not prepared to the Police Everybody keeps their mouth shut. But one. Thing i think that thats right and that. Yes i think its for sex thats what it is. That i force have sex with. You that if i ask them nicely and they still refuse the only way is to force them you know. What about his wife to show. That he doesnt want to become a yankee my wife does not know i always hide him when. I ask why hes willing to admit to this and whether hes afraid of being caught he says hes not scared and feels no guilt. At 1st i feel pity for them but if i have to spend a lot of money on a woman and then she doesnt agree to have sex i no longer feel any pity for you will be im not a young and. Its striking to witness the lack of empathy they for men feel for their victims but more than anything what sticks with me is that i really dont think theyre doing anything wrong. The Justice System does catch up with some men but there were fewer than 20 gang rape cases prosecuted in cambodia last year one current case reported in local papers involves the gang rape of a 14 year old girl. We go to meet her family who live on the outskirts of phnom penh her uncle says since the rape 10 months ago the girl has been living in a shelter where shes getting medical care and counseling she got sick from right. There forced her fight to the hit the hit and right. And how many men where they fall fall all born. He says she was tricked into leaving the house with one of these men they took turns raping her in a field for over 4 hours 3 of them have been convicted and sentenced to 7 years in prison a full of man has not been found each have been ordered to pay compensation of 2. 00 and a half 1000. 00 to the victim but the Court Process has taken its toll on her family. Coco i just cannot take. My daughter being questioned over and over again ill stay up all i felt like i would have a heart attack. Or an every day i dont know what to do its miserable. The conviction is not enough to fix this broken family who feel a deep sense of shame the mother blames herself and fears that her daughter may not be able to finish school or find a husband. Are willing a feel empty a feel numb outside i cant concentrate on anything. In cambodia like many countries young men are under pressure to appear tough and. Theres also a cultural reluctance among the older generation to talk to them about sex and healthy relationships social workers believe this is why more than half of men who said they raped did so for the 1st time as teenagers are actually learning about sexual relationships often through violence on oprah free on their experiences of violence within the home. What they are learning i think and this is a big problem for many boys and young men is that you can meet your needs through using violent. Alastair hilton counsels young boys in phnom penh who display sexually harmful behavior he says the damage is often done before the teenage is weve actually work with children as young as 7810 or 12 have been involved with sexually harmful behavior what were finding is that many of them have experienced extreme physical violence in their lives and their families and communities many of them are isolated and im kind of lonely. Cambodia has hundreds of n. G. O. S targeting women as victims of sexual crime but alice this is as few as 4 organizations work on preventing violence with boys and men and when you speak to madame boyce they often say will nobodys ever asked us about this no ones ever asked about those experiences and they really need to talk and i want to talk. With. 65 percent of men in cambodia said they experienced physical abuse as children 16 percent was sexually abused. Well the experts recognize that boys exposed to physical or Sexual Violence are at risk of perpetrating Violent Crimes as men. Gang rape is one of the most severe forms of violence against women but we shouldnt forget that even according to the doctor from med right and physical violence is far more common within a marriage issue. Promisingly donors and the government of cambodia have been working to stop violence in the hall a Domestic Violence law was passed in 2005 and follow up studies show it is having an impact on peoples attitudes. Turn in his wife than some live in a tiny room along the Railway Track outside of phnom penh. They say theyve had a lot of fights about money and. Both admit to hitting each other during heated arguments. One year during the fight where i hit my wife i didnt know what i was doing. After i hit her i felt pity for her then i would try to console her after they would fight so my all was taken to a Womens Crisis Center bleeding from the head and bruised she received help and counseling now they both say they understand the need to stop violence not only for their own sake but for their children. I am worried that in the future my kids will imitate the way my husband behaved to me thats why i tried to explain to my husband about Domestic Violence because our kids will imitate us did he stop this bad behavior. We have learned it is possible to see some changes. G. I. As it is one of the Largest International donors working on violence against women with the cambodian government youth outreach is a key part of their program to prevent Domestic Violence which they say dropped by 15 percent over 5 years cambodia compared to the neighboring Southeast Asian countries has less Youth Violence in general violence is. Quite sexualized amongst youth cambodia also has. 30 years of civil war thats has created licenses for men to be violent against me. Professor rachel jukes agrees the countrys violent history has had a role to play shes a Global Expert based in south africa whos researched rape and the reasons behind it throughout the world i think it might be related to the history of trauma in cambodia and particularly the period of kemah rouche but on the other hand i think that gang rape is very often a cultural phenomenon and where we see it occurring very often about all sort of the most culturally scripted situations in which gang rape will come. The reasons behind rape in cambodia a complex but its an issue that deserves the attention of communities and governments across the region and the world and it is just ordinary average men are not. Necessarily and a lot of the times i think. Aware of. Their behavior being. Violent. Impacts that. We shouldnt demonize men its not productive we need to work together. And i think thats the way that will say chain. Gang rape is one of the most horrific acts of violence understanding why it happens and how to stop it takes courage not to turn away. A shocking insight into a deep rooted problem but how have things changed since 2013 well we caught up again with the research in the film dr emma food to find out if theres been any progress in changing attitudes. My organization the Equality Institute we work to advance gender equality and prevent violence against women in lots of different ways and some of the kind of emerging research that i think were continuing to work on is around for example the relationship between violence against women and violence against children trying to understand that in a war the way that there is things into sects we interviewed man as opposed to just understanding womens experiences. I mean it was shocking to many people that men themselves would admit to perpetrating right or other forms of violence against women. That normalization of violence against women unfortunately i think is still a very common pattern around the world the issue of violence against women is on the International Agenda in a way that it wasnt in 2013 in 2015 this is dana will Development Goals were launched and they now include a specific target on the elimination of violence against women and girls so countries are required now to report on how theyre progressing in achieving that outcome on the other hand is a pretty strong backlash to the womens Rights Movement and to this issue of violence against women i think you see that in social media you see that in Mainstream Media you see it in the political sphere i think you see that in the most recent behind us president ial election nobody has more respect women. Where there was a huge amount of i think sexism and misogyny that was observed and i think that level of backlash to the movement is becoming more pronounced. The positive thing about backlash. I think is that what it actually shows is that we are moving forward. With. A. Good. Good. In 2014 and aljazeera investigation revealed how anger and fear feel be in bone a crisis that ravaged west africa we asked our lives here didnt allow you to hospital knowing we are dying 3 years on we speak to the filmmaker the one thing that spread a board and caused the devastation on his fia that was born out of ignorance rewind liberia living with an aljazeera. Laugh more than one documentaries the opening eyes. On aljazeera. Once Hosni Mubarak became president so began a story of conflict and isolation on one side a wife and sons best sights s