By the fall for may join us with special coverage as we look at the possible demise of a media giant in the ramifications for press freedom in the philippines on aljazeera. See. The renaissance astronomer nikolaus compare nicolas once said for it is the duty of an astronomer to compose the history of the celestial motions through careful and expert study apparent was a man who challenge the theories of the universe known to humanity up until the 16th century his observations led to the discovery that the planets revolve around the sun not the earth as people thought deed our celestial objects have been observed and studied since the beginning of time the planets and stars have helped us understand the cause of most the way it functions and its impact on our lives then in the 17th century that. Became the 1st astronomer to use a telescope for his observations the rest is cosmic history to date theres one question that most people want answered is there extraterrestrial life. I will see a human in one of many observatories in the atacama desert if the question of extraterrestrial intelligence is ever to be answered it is likely to come from here the is exceptionally blue skies and the extremely dry atmosphere make this the ideal location for building the Worlds Largest telescopes in fact 2 will soon house 70 percent of global astronomical infrastructure even nasa comes right here to test its robots but what will all these new facilities help us to discover and how will they change the way that we look at our universe to have chills top astronomers might yet that is have reese and close in mass essential talk to al jazeera. Dr murray at that is of research is known for discovering the brown dwarf star system named one a sub star located in constellation hydra approximately 61 light years away from earth on our planet shes a pioneer the 1st woman to have received a doctorate from Princeton University the 1st woman to receive chiles National Prize for exact sciences and to present the director for the center of excellence in astrophysics dr reddy and that is have respect you so much for talking to aljazeera very soon chile will hows the worlds 2 largest telescopes the e. L. T. And the giant magellan which would provide i understand direct views of planets in other Solar Systems which would be an astronomical 1st how close will that take us to answering the question that everybody wants the answer to and that is are we alone or arent we we know there are many planets because we see the effect of the planet on the star there or getting to see the planet is very difficult because the star is so much. You know we cannot really see life in this planet but we could see their arguments years and see if this holds region for example oxygen was produced by life in on earth and so we hope to study the atmospheres of these. Exoplanets to see if there may life when you see the universe through these big eyes you are going to see something nobody else has seen before and although you have to justify all the funds to produce to build this instrument is there a 1000000000. 00 each exactly you say yes to study exoplanets to look at the beginnings of the universe but often the case is that what you see the unknown is the most interesting thing something you cannot predict you know because its like opening a window to the unknown well there is a theory in fact that life on earth began when meteorites or other bodies crashed on to our planet with very very Small Creatures or multicelled beings and that from there animals plants of all then that would me and that they came perhaps from mars we could be actually more that we could be martians. How how feasible is that life is there potentially and where need in the whole universe and when he arrives in a place where you know its comfortable and it can be developed it does so it would not be something particular of earth or mars or you know it could be everywhere in the universe and in some places it can prosper in others. Cannot but although we have noise didnt i would find very extremely strange that we were would be the only ones in the universe is there so many so many stars so many planets around them. Im sure there could be. Life in many of them what inspired you to choose a career looking at this at the stars at the sky actually it was a lab us at the lab at 1st sight you know Something Like that because i never thought about becoming an astronomer although i always liked science and was very curious so i look around and discovered there was a prep summer practice into law which is the interim eric an observatory and i went there i didnt know anything id and never looked at this guy i dont know why i went with a colleague a student who he knew everything you know and he was really mad at me because i couldnt recognize sirius or or any of the big stars important stars in the sky and in the middle of the night you say ok go out and try to with a map of the sky and try to find some of the constellation so i went out and you look at the map i just put my eyes it was a dark night we known moon no moon and when you are in the clear place in the mounting you see the horizon below you and i could see the milky way on top of my. There were legs surrounding me at that point i had bit of knowledge of about what the milky way was and where we were in the sun. Orbiting the sun and i realize you didnt know anything about this you know and i realized i was part of of this galaxy of this universe and i wanted to know more and i said ok if my talents are enough i will put all my energy which i think is more important than talent. To try to be governesses well you are certainly an inspiration to women here in this country and i think to a stronger as a future astronomers the world over but how difficult was it. When you started out to be taken seriously in the field that is still dominated by men. I think. The most difficult part maybe was in the us when i tried to be included in the groups to to to to do homework or to work on a project together at princeton and i realized that i was the 1st woman to be accepted as a graduate student. So i was a really strange beast you know women. Lugging you know. The poor guys were afraid of me i could see that they would get to go. Work on homework or projects and i was never included at the beginning i thought because i was not as good as they were they were and came from big universities. Or because my son english was really bad. But then the 2nd year my english wes had improved and i was doing well in a couple of courses so i. Was probably doing better than the rest or at least as well as they they were doing and they gave us very hard. Homework to do but i was so used to working by myself that i you know in our down this homework by myself i want to really also saw one of the guys there i realized they were trying to solve the problem and the blackboard i realized they were not starting well i mean this is a problem is that when you dont start well as you can never get to the right answers so i came in and say are these you do need to so i start to say oh no you know you have to change to variables and will be and then i look back and they had left you know and i was there alone and people say oh you were sad no no i wasnt sad i was really happy because then i realized it was not my problem its not because i didnt speak english or we cause i was bad in you know in science it was their problem they didnt know how to work with the women it was ok to go for pizza for beer or for playing sports but not for working together and they dont have as many time women we believe we are if you look at guilty of what is happening or maybe when we are discriminated we think maybe there is some good reason for that you know in the background you you thing maybe maybe theyre right maybe im not good enough or maybe i done something wrong so. It was me a lesson in all of that. When should not think that way you know when i see women now marching on the street reclaim claiming their rights i am very happy because i think you know i could not have done it but it is time for for them it told me a while ago that you were interested in writing a book about the sun that the sun has been kind of left aside because its so close to the planet earth and and you talked about the carrington a vent which i found fascinating and you say that the sun has an agenda so we really cannot ignore it any more tell me a little bit more about that and what and exactly what are the dangers of all this there was this reduce astronomer who was observing the sun every day and he projected the sun in a scream. And make pictures of drawings of the sunspots this black spots that in the surface of the sun where the Magnetic Field comes out and there were big ones and then he saw a flash of light where these dark spots just wrote about them made a picture and here had the day after that. The communications in in the whole world where the graphic stations were on fire and they didnt know what was really non there are of course that people in have on our scene the northern bytes there or us the whole sky was bright with light due to the least charged particles i have seen this current on astronomer in britain here had. Travelled the way 2 years and produced this effect and what would happen if that happened today what really happened on the never of course on computers and if its an event the injection like the carrington event happen today. G. P. S. Will die and all the g. P. S. The. All the planes that are now are traveling flying su these automatic pileups and they will be completely blind trained you know transport all of the common with the Communication System all the the electricity they all be fried aside from all the damage that can produce Something Like dandenault that we are left without any of the technology we know now we use now so you say we depend a lot off what the sun and us work much more than the people think eventually it will kill us but. In short time maybe today or tomorrow we can really make a lot of damage and the only we have like earth way we can do cannot do anything but accept. To know more to learn more to to to understand how these have been how these have been tried to prepare a strategy so that we can. Dispute a scientific and Technological Breakthroughs is making ideas that were once limited to Science Fiction now seem if not within reach at least plausible one of these is the possibility of landing an even colonizing planet mars chile an astrophysicist is one of the boldest exponents of this and many other extraordinary theories where to begin i think im going to start with mars in your book mars the next frontier you argue that we have to turn into a multi Planetary Society as soon as possible in order to guarantee the survival of our species what is the hurry dont we have another 1000000000 years left before the sun destroys planet earth were going to hear in my book is that the mix john in which the mixing to look to challenge is to mars not to save the species but why do you want to send them to mars just for curiosity or simple because it is possible when we went to the moon all Technology Got an improvement enormous our life you were mine and everybodys life changed forever because of the dream to go to the mall the only way to survive in mars is to have another the mortgage. If we develop the could more. That for a few of us to live in mars that technology is too soon to change our life on earth forever what about oxygen what about water the atmosphere is completely different from ours is a big challenge but if we are able to develop the atmosphere in mars we will be able to clean our atmosphere but if we develop a bit much in still like the. Vibe to mars those machines apply must simply on earth we could be taken out of the atmosphere as much Carbon Dioxide we are putting in with automobiles with the airplanes that your pockets. Even with a rocket and then the technology to me the human being. If we are not. Willing to accept challenges and to move a little bit out of our comfort zone we could be a still in the cave who would could be if you live in a cave but human beings who got out of the cave under started cities and started all the civilization because every time was take in the new challenge and the next challenge and challenge today is tool to mars there seems to be a growing tendency that there is a growing tendency in the world as you know to negate science that includes heads of state who say that theres no such thing as Climate Change a whole series of this tendency now to say that what the scientists are saying is not true if this is the case we may never make it to another planet because of this planet may perhaps according to many not survive long enough i think that people today. Are leaving so fast that they dont have time to think because if you are using a cell phone you cannot negate science because they sent from contains millions of hours of work of south sun of people that have been working for you to have the same form enjoy them and when you dial or when do is send the message or when do you see internet intercept phone there are so son of people in this network all that is finally tune in to the max with. All the laws of the electricity go live or was experimenting how was how a storm fall to the earth kepler was a study in how the planets revolve around the sun and newton was thinking how could be reconciled the motions of the moon around the earth with the following objects. He developed the laws of of mechanics and that everywhere you have science into your life you have said and that was this is one of the i found this very interesting that the morning is getting further and further away from us and i wonder what impact will that have on us with with a trip to the moon or ball or you live they live near an artefact that allows you to measure with a laser beam the distance to the mall with a precision metal god one centimeter and the moon is receding toward want to have centimeters per year. Since the time when the strong all doing is. Their food on the mall the mall now is at least made to find their way and they want to keep receding from the earth and in their in the. 100 or 200000000 years since the mall if you do this is thinking is getting a smaller and smaller at the moment the morn is going to be smaller than the sun forever and then the eclipses will not be here forever sunt sun eclipses do not be able to be produced because the moon will be a smaller than the sun when the moon and tears are facing each other the rotation of the moon is of the order of a month around the earth and then the rotation of the earth is going to be a month and then we will see the sun rising and it will take 7 or 8 days to get to the 1000000 the day. When the sun is up is what we 15 days and then for 15 days you with night and then claim are on earth is what we are very different well that of course. Would seem to emphasize the need to have what you say a multi planetary system sooner rather than later but i cant in this without asking you the question that everyone has asked him or herself at some point and that is do you know as a scientist believe that there is intelligent life outside of the planet earth he. We live in a reality the milky way that contains 200000000000 stars if life. Was developed on earth and if that process is very unlikely maybe one in every 1000000 times you will produce life and all the stars in the milky way all the stars can have planets and then broadly there there were or there are. 200000000000 possibilities of developing life in a planet or is this the only planet that contains life in the whole without legs if soul if you have just one planet with life and im not talking about human beings on earth there are 8000000 forms of life on earth most of them are bacteria but if it is a form of life if we are the only planet in this galaxy with a space telescope we can see 100000000000 galaxies maybe there is one planet with life but a galaxy. My suspicion is that they released their 100000000000 places in the universe with life but from one galaxy to the next big gerlach say like and like them drawn with our aleksey the distance is more than 2000000 lady years. If you say l o r jews there in 2000000 years your message will reach andromeda and if they said yeah were here were what do you want another 2000000 he has talked to for the message to return and that even communicating by radio or by phone or by websites with this decision in and drama is almost impossible now now but but if einstein for they want this for the last 100 years people have tried to prove hes wrong and so far more when have succeeded. Einstein said that nothing can travel faster than light today if we want to visit the closest neighbor and fasten story is for like i do years away with a thing all of you that we have now. It will take us 40 years to was there another 40000 years to come back you can say ok this is not as you can be improved by a factor of 10 ok then in that its going to take only 4 south and years toward 12 percent even at a very very close. Very close to the speed of light it will take at least 10 or 20 years to go and 10 or 20 years to come back and that is the closest star and even discovery in planets that could be. In the future well how are you going to move 20000000000 people to a planet that is. If 15 ideas the way its a dream yeah the human beings we are confined to the solar system forever i dont believe that we ever call on the ice there in the same way the day im absolutely it believe or that we have to go to mars. I dont believe that we could ever go to to visit. Or is it planet of another star i bet in a 100 years d of the people that dont agree with you. If they prove me wrong id be happy to be proven wrong professor course i must that thank you so much it. Was a pleasure for me to talk to you. For time to turn up the volume on the untold story smelled wait you dont know 6 examine the u. S. And its role in the wilds were going to bomb the taliban in submission and bomb them to the peace table during gunfire coming from that direction were going to get i mean holding the powerful to account doing this room has cancer of the nose of someone that lives here this has cancer. Fault lines coming soon on aljazeera the time had come for the p. L. O. To seek a new and peaceful solution not a fun pursuing a path of diplomacy but what was to turn their agreed withdrawal from lebanon into one of the most horrific civilian massacres of modern times women children queue we couldnt but she said chronicling the turbulent story of the struggle for a palestinian homeland p. L. O. History of a revolution on aljazeera. Desperate for a better life millions of people have sought refuge in europe sometimes their dreams of century are realized but sometimes disenchantment and hostility drive them home. In the 2nd of 2 films on these contrasting experiences people and power meets the returning migra