See. The renaissance astronomer unequal ause compared to a close one said for it is the duty of an astronomer to compose the history of the celestial motions through careful and expert study perrin of course was a man who challenge the theories of the universe known to humanity up until the 16th century his observations led to the discovery that the planets revolve around the sun not the earth as people thought deed our celestial objects have been observed and studied since the beginning of time the planets and stars have helped us understand the cause of most the way it functions and its impact on our lives then in the 17th century that. Became the 1st astronomer to use a telescope for his observations the rest is called make History Today theres one question that most people want answered is there extraterrestrial life. Im going to see in human and one of chiles many observatories in a comma desert is the question of extraterrestrial intelligence is ever to be answered it is likely to come from here he is exceptionally blue skies and extremely the atmosphere make this the ideal location for building the Worlds Largest telescopes in fact so we will soon house 70 percent of global astronomical infrastructure even nasa comes right here to test its robots but what we will all these new facilities help us to discover and how will they change the way that we look at our youth. Verse 2 of chiles top astronomers might yet that is have reese and course him us essential talk to aljazeera. Dr murray at that is a reese is known for discovering the brown dwarf star system named keller one a sub star located in constellation hydra approximately 61 light years away from earth on our planet shes a pioneer the 1st woman to have received a doctorate from Princeton University the 1st woman to receive chiles National Prize for exact sciences and at present the director for the center of excellence in astrophysics dr reddy and that is every stink you so much for talking to aljazeera very soon chile will hows the worlds 2 largest telescopes the e. L. T. And the giant magellan which would provide i understand direct views of planets in other Solar Systems which would be an astronomical 1st how close will that take us to answering the question that everybody wants the answer to and that is are we alone or arent we we know there are many planets because we see the effect of the planet on the star theyre orbiting but to see a planet is very difficult because the star is so much brighter you know we cannot really. See life in this planets but we could see their arguments for years and see if theres hogs region for example oxygen was produced by life in on earth and so we hope to study the atmosphere of these. Exoplanets to see. Why when you see the universe through these big ice. You are going to see something nobody hears us seen before and although you have to justify all the funds to produce to build this instrument is a 1000000000. 00 easy and exactly you say yes to study exoplanets to look at the beginnings of the universe but often the case is that what you see the unknown is the most interesting thing something you cannot predict you know because its like opening a window to the unknown well there is a theory in fact that life on earth began when meteorites or other bodies crashed on to our planet with very very Small Creatures or multicelled beings and that from there animals plants of all then that would me and that they came perhaps from mars we could be actually more that we could be martians. How how feasible is that life is there potentially and for need in the whole universe and when he arrives in a place where you know its comfortable and it can be developed it does so it would not be something particular of earth or mars or you know it could be everywhere in the universe and in some places it can prosper you know others cannot but although we have noid didnt i would find very extremely strange that we were would be the only ones in the universe is there so many so many stars so many planets around them. Im sure you could be. Life in many of them what inspired you to choose a career looking at the at the stars of the sky actually what a lot of us all love at 1st sight you know Something Like that because id never thought about becoming an astronomer although i always liked science and was very curious so i look around and discover there was a perhaps summer practice in palo which is the interim merican observatory and i went there i didnt know anything id and never looked at the sky i dont know why i went with a colleague a student who he knew everything you know and he was really mad at me because i couldnt recognize you. Or any of the big stars important stars in the sky and in the middle of and i say ok go out and try to with a map of the sky and try to find some of the constellations so i went out and you look at the map i just put my eyes it was a dark night we known moon no moon and when you are in of clear place in the mounting you see the horizon below you and i could see the milky way on top of my head. That were like surrounding me at that point i had its bit of knowledge of about what the milky way was and where we were in the sun. Or was in the sun and i realized i didnt even know anything about this you know and i realized i was part of the of this galaxy of this universe and i wanted to know more and i said ok. If my talents are enough i will put all my energy which i think is more important than. To try to be governess well you are certainly an inspiration to women here in this country and i think to a stronger as a future astronomers the world over but how difficult was it. When you started out to be taken seriously in the field that is still dominated by men. I think. The most difficult part maybe was in the u. S. When i tried to be included in the groups to to to to do homework or to work on a project together at princeton and i realized that i was the 1st woman to be accepted as a graduate student. So i was a really strange beast you know women. Lugging you know. The poor guys were afraid of me i could see that they would get to go. Work on homework or projects and i was never included at the beginning i thought because i was not as good as they were they were came from big universities. Or because my son english was really bad. But then the 2nd year my english wes had improved and i was doing well in a couple of courses i. Was probably doing better than the rest of at least as well as they they were doing and they gave us very hard here homework to do but i was so used to working by myself the union are done this homework by myself i want to really offer so one of the guys there i realized they were trying to solve the problem and the blackboard i realized they were not starting work i mean this is a problem is that when you dont start well as you can never get to the right answers so i came in say are these you do need to so i start to say oh no you know you have to change variables and will be and then i look back and they had left you know and i was there a lot and people say oh you were sad no no i wasnt sad i was really happy because then i realized it was not my problem its not because i didnt speak english or we cause i was bad in you know in science it was their problem they didnt know how to work with it where it was ok to go for pizza for beer or for playing sports but not for working together and they dont have as many time women we believe we are if you look at guilty of what is happening or maybe when we are discriminated we think maybe there is some good reason for that you know in. The background youre saying maybe maybe theyre right maybe im not good enough or maybe id done something girl so. It was me a lesson in all of that. One should not think that way you know when i see women now marching on the street reclaim claiming their rights i am very happy because i think you know i could not have done it but it is time for for them to do it told me a while ago that you were interested in writing a book about the sun that the sun has been kind of left aside because its so close to the planet earth and and you talked about the carrington a vent which i found fascinating and you say that the sun has an agenda so we really cannot ignore it any more tell me a little bit more about that and what and exactly what are the dangers of all this there was this reduce astronomer who was observing the sun every day and he projected the sun in the screen. And make pictures of drawings of the sunspots this black spot in the surface of the sun where the Magnetic Field comes out and there were big ones and then he saw a flash of light where these dark spots just rode bad and made a picture and here had the day after that. The communications in in the whole world where the graphic stations were on fire and they didnt know what was going to non there are of course that people can have an hour were seeing the Northern Lights there or us the whole sky was bright with light due to the charged particles i had seen this current on astronomer in britain here had. Travelled the way 2 years and produce this effect and what would happen if that happened today what really happened on the never of course on computers and if its an event if you actually like the carrington event happen today. G. P. S. Will die and all the g. P. S. The. All the planes that now are traveling flying su these automatic pilots and they will be completely blind trained you know transport all of the cope with the Communication System all the the electricity they all be fried aside from all the damage that can produce Something Like dandenault that you were left without any of that the knowledge you we know now we use now so you say we depend a lot off what the sun and us work much more than the people think eventually it will kill us but. In short time maybe today or tomorrow we can really make a lot of damage and the only we have like earth way we can do cannot do anything but accept. To know more to learn more to to to understand how these have been how these have been tried to prepare a strategy so that we can. Dispute a scientific and Technological Breakthroughs is making ideas that were once limited to Science Fiction now seem if not within reach at least plausible one of these is the possibility of landing an even colonizing planet mars chilean astrophysicist is one of the boldest exponents of this and many other extraordinary theories where to begin i think im going to start with mars in your book mars the next frontier you argue that we have to turn into a multi Planetary Society as soon as possible in order to guarantee the survival of our species what is the hurry dont we have another 1000000000 years left before the sun destroys planet earth were going to youre in my book is that the mix john lynch the next intellect to challenge is to mars not to save the species but why do you want to send them to mars just for curiosity or simple because it is possible when we went to the moon all Technology Got an improvement enormous our life you were mine and everybodys life changed forever because of the dream to go to the mall the only way to survive in mars is to have another the mortgage. If we develop the could more you jeanne. That for a few of us to live in mars that technology is to want to change our life on earth forever what about oxygen what about water the atmosphere is completely different from ours is a big challenge but if we are able to develop the atmosphere in mars we will be able to clean our atmosphere but if we develop a bit much in still like that. Vibe or mars those machines apply must simply on earth we could be taken out of the atmosphere as much Carbon Dioxide we are putting in with. With the airplanes that your sockets work even with a rocket and then the technology to me the human being. If we are not. Willing to accept challenges and to move a little bit out of our comfort zone we could be a steal in the cave who would could be if you live in a cave but human beings are good out of the cave and started cities and started all the civilization because every time i was take in the new challenge and the next challenge and the challenge today is to to mars there seems to be a growing tendency that there is a growing tendency in the world as you know to negate science that includes heads of state who say that theres no such thing as Climate Change a whole series of this tendency now to say that what the scientists are saying is not true if this is the case we may never make it to another planet because of this planet may perhaps according to many not survive long enough i think that people today. Are leaving so fast that they dont have time to think because if youre using a cell phone you cannot negate science because they sent phone contains millions of hours of work of south of people that have been working for you to have a cell phone enjoy them and when you dial or when do is send the message or when do you see internet intercept phone there are so son of people in this network all that is finally tune in to the max with. All the laws of the electricity go live or was experimenting how was how a storm fall to the earth kepler was a study in how the planets revolve around the sun and newton was thinking how could be reconciled the motions of the moon around the earth with the following objects. He developed the laws of mechanics and that everywhere you have science into your life you have said and that was this is one of the i found this very interesting that the morning is getting further and further away from us and i wonder what impact will that have on us with with a trip to the moon or ball or you live and they live an artefact that allows you to measure with a laser beam the distance to the mall with the precision mater that one centimeter and the moon is receding toward want to have centimeters per year. Since the time when. Strong aldrin is. Their foot on the moon the moon now is at least made to find their way and the moon will keep receding from the earth and in there in the. 100 or 200000000 years since the moment if you do this is thinking is getting a smaller and smaller at the moment the morn is going to be smaller than the sun forever and then the eclipses will not be here forever sunt sun eclipses not be able to be produced because the moon will be a smaller than the sun when the moon and the earth are facing each other the rotation of the moon is of the order of a month around the earth and then the rotation of the earth is going to be a month and then we will see the sun rising and it will take 7 or 8 days to get to the 1000000 the day. When the sun is up its going to be 15 days and then for 15 days you with night and then claim are on earth is going to be very different well that of course would seem to emphasize the need to have what you say a multi planetary systems that you know later but i cant and thats without asking you the question that everyone has asked him or herself at some point and that is do you know as a scientists believe that there is intelligent life outside of the planet earth he. We live in a reality the milky way that contains 200000000000 stars if life. Was developed on earth and if that process is very unlikely maybe one in every 1000000 times you will produce life and all the stars in the milky way all the stars have planets and then broadly there there were or there are. 200000000000 possibilities of developing life in a planet or is this the only planet that contains life in the whole without legs if soul if you have just one planet with life and im not talking about human beings on earth there are 8000000 forms of life on earth most of them are bacteria but if it is a form of life if we are the only planet in this galaxy with a space telescope we can see 100000000000 galaxies maybe there is one planet with life but a galaxy. My suspicion is that they are very least there 100000000000 places in the universe with life but from one galaxy to the next big gerlach say like and like them drawn with our aleksey the distance is more than 2000000 lady years. If you say hello and you there in 2000000 years your message will reach andromeda and if they said yeah were here what do you want another 2000000 he has talked to for the message to return and that even communicating by radio or by phone or by website with this is a decision in and drama is almost impossible now now but but if kind stein for they want this for the last 100 years people have tried to prove his wrong and so far more when have succeeded. Einstein said that nothing can travel faster than light today if we want to visit the closest neighbor and fasten story is for lied years away with the thing all of you that we have now. It will take us 40 years to was there another 40000 years to come back you can say ok this is not as you can be improved by a factor of 10 ok then in that its going to take only 4 south and years 2 or 2 of them even at a very very close. Very close to the speed of light it will take at least 10 or 20 years to go and 10 or 20 years to come back and that is the closest star and even discovery in planets that could be. In the future well how are you going to move 20000000000 people to a planet that is. If 15 ideas the way its a dream yeah the human beings we are confined to the solar system forever i dont believe that weve ever gone on the ice there in the same way that i. Absolutely believe or that we have to go to mars. I dont believe that we could ever go to visit. Or is it planet of another star i bet in the 100 years of the many people that dont agree with you. They prove me wrong id be happy to be proven wrong professor course i must but thank you so much its been a privilege it was a pleasure for me to talk to you. I sorely test treats and trace frank assessments why is it so hes struggling to cope with the number 4 on a virus patients failure to take really aggressive action really get them behind her informed opinions its going to be much more challenging in a place like haiti where theres one ventilator 3000000 people in depth analysis of the days global headlines india doesnt up to the spread of the one of ours in the inside story on al jazeera. What impact will called it 19 on the drop in the oil prices have on the race to the white house can go from survive these historic set backs and does the job only have what it takes to beat. The special coverage out just. As the world fights the corona pandemic were learning more about this every day the new patent your new join our global community. How we come together to fight im sorry your questions and i just honestly think this is a directly thats coming on on you tube as youre saying im concerned about the front like oh nothing very quiet and not keeping you up to date i mean. Countries are going to die and be going back successfully the stream on to syria. The. This is al jaze