Country in brazil and south africa who do still contract the virus with this vaccine. They do so only with mild symptoms. So it seems to eliminate altogether serious instances of disease disease thats important. Its also shown to be far more practical. It seems than those other vaccines in the sense that it is much, much cheaper in terms of scaling up mass producing the headlines, israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has made an unannounced visit to saudi arabia. To meet the crown Prince Mohammed bin solomon, the head of Israeli Intelligence agency, mossad, and the u. S. Secretary of state, much pompei, you were also present. Leader of the g. O. P. Has taken a region, has dismissed a 72 hour deadline to surrender issued by the government. This is according to reuters, which coats the shell. As saying to him, people are ready to die to defend the region. Prime minister told the Peoples Liberation front to lay down arms by wednesday or face a final assault on the city of mckayla. Hong kongs prodemocracy activists, joshua wongs pleaded guilty to Unlawful Assembly during last weeks purchase. So he was joined in court by 2 fellow activists, agnes chao and ivan lam. The 3 will be held in custody until sentencing next week and could get face 5 years in jail. U. S. President elect joe bidens is set to make cabinet appointments in the coming days as longtime adviser and need lincolns expected to be secretary of state budgets sullivan is being lined up as National Security adviser. In the former french president , Nicolas Sarkozy is jude to go on trial in paris on corruption charges, accused of attempting to bribe a judge that case is set to last until december 10. Thats my mileage for today. Thanks for the company. The latest edition of inside story is next. A blanket of toxic small indias capital is suffocating with Dangerous Levels of pollution. And people in new delhi are being warned. It could make them all vulnerable to toby, 90. So what can be done to avoid a disaster . This is inside story. Hello, welcome to the program and burn its me. The air quality in indias capital is amongst the worlds worst in winter pollution in new delhi source, making it extremely difficult to breathe. The air becomes still on a thick cloud of smoke settles over the city. Its full of pollutants from vehicles, Construction Industry and crop burning to name a few. These lead to eye and nose infections and lung diseases. And on top of that, theres the corona virus which makes risperidone illnesses, potentially deadly. The quality of air in new delhi deteriorated dramatically nearly 2 weeks ago. It reached 490 on a scale of 500. A score between 0 and 50 is what the World Health Organization considers safe to breathe. But on november 10th, particle pollutants briefly surged to 30 times the safe limit. The number of people complaining of a spurt or disease in new delhi was reported to have risen. Doctors say 13 percent of the citys recent covered 900 cases may be linked to pollution. Many of new delhis residents have complained of breathing difficulties on days when pollution levels saw going to face trouble breathing as well as mild headaches. More than usual, as the winter is settling in along with the rise and pollution, our heads hurt even more. It is absolutely impossible to go out and about without masks because of the pollution they would be really going to have diabetes and hypertension. The double blow of covered 1000 and pollution has affected me a lot. I wasnt stepping outside my home because of the bad air and the lack of physical activity made my diabetes get worse. Pollution is posing a lot of problems. I run daily after running on the road. I feel the impact on my life. It feels i bought this protection mask for that, but the pollution is so bad that this mask in provide adequate protection from polluted air. The level of oxygen becomes low. If we dont wear a mask, we face problems. There is pollution. That got slightly better after the rain. It is still there. New delhi is battling both toxic and the record surge. In corona virus infections. Its seen more new cases than any other indian state. More than 7000 people a day, a developing kovac, 19, the number of beds available with ventilators is shrinking. The government has flown doctors in from other regions and expanded testing. But there are still Major Concerns over the ability of new Delhis Health care system to handle the crisis. Lets bring in the guests there all in new delhi. We have deeper, senhor, an assistant professor of economics at on Better University in delhi, dr. Sirica verner, an ear, nose, and throat surgeon, and karthik is a Research Fellow at the council on energy and environment and water. Welcome to each of you, karthik. Ill start with you. If i may, this pollution appears every autumn. Its not new. Why is it still happening . And why is it getting worse . I think its happening everywhere, primarily because you know, this is when the winter sets in. So its as much of phenomenon as it is a manmade phenomenon. And all it says basically that this pollution exists around. It just manifests itself in such a worse manner in the windows. So the pollution, the dependence on private vehicles. They the management of solid waste in a city state of delhi. Incessant burning of waste that happens because its not collected in this post off in an appropriate manner and construction, dust and debris. All of these big sources of pollution which dont get addressed youre around and it just comes up, you know, in a much bigger way. And i think, you know, the episodic incidences of proper ning, and the valley fire crackers, all of these add to it. So i think theyre, theyre a distraction for the policymaker, honestly, because they focus their attention inordinately on attending to those, you know, for the few weeks in the days for which those exist. But then the moment that dies down, everybody feels a bit gone back down to levels which are acceptable. And then for the rest of the year, nothing happens. No news channels covered it either unfortunately. And in november next year or in october next election, ill be an option. And so i think its basically because the attention is there only for the very start bit on the issue. But were not addressing it in a holistic manner throughout the deeper is that what happens, people kick up a fuss for the few weeks that the pollution is there and then they forget about it and forget to address the root concerns. Absolutely, i completely agree if you look at the causes for the pollution, much of those apps ischemic be going to anything about them to get logical issues. But we all know what that come autumn. This is how its going to be, and then us so many pings and dont look for the Behavioral Changes as well. Those institutional structures this need to be done in the much more consolidated memo and the sustainable model of continuously. Well, i guess the pollution and of the dont see that happening. But what we see is that those who cannot afford it, if they grow up to get out beautifier out as the season changes, while others upload. But overall its something thats become quite a bit to blame, but the unfortunately, one thinks of the city and the government said, generally the public seem to be thinking about it only then does either come sorry, can i mention this must be one of the busiest times of the year for you, can you just explain what the worst the most severe consequences of this pollution are on patients that you deal with . Well, lucian, it is a problem throughout a lot in cities like delhi and the golf. Well, as it becomes much wasnt been dull, but were seeing this a kinky yet only a from september to february. So it does, they distressing. Do not do that well added i and then you know, yell to have base in the back to make the one thing which is not done in the body. And then the added pollution makes it much worse. You have respected the stress in the latitude basins, but the last month and i have been describing medications, the end of leak because were not fully aware that in november that it is really become much worse, the pollution levels will go beyond control. And oh yeah, well its our children and the specifics of stocktaking, then i believe theres only ok calling me and pollution act and find them because theyre going to have a minister to disease. Ok, thank you. A cough think many indian set cities top the global list of the most polluted new delhis the at the top of the list. Why is new delhi particularly more susceptible to this level of pollution than other parts of the country, even though there is pollution elsewhere . What, whats special about new delhi . I think its the geography of course is a very big part of it. Its just, you know, it sits adjacent to like a hurley big dust bowl. Which means that theres always a constant influx of dust coming in from the desert, and from perhaps even from central asia that adds to the ambient level generally way. But in addition, this is the metropolis thats been growing, you know, in an uncontrolled manner for the last 3 or 4 decades enough. And as a result of back, its, i guess and doesnt have any abating influences of a coast which lets say a moon biota chennai article got to have as a result the pollution basically stays and we dont get this effect of meteorology which, you know, with the temperature inversion. d and all of that in others, in other parts of the country where the population density is so much an added to that the dependence on private vehicles for instance. And that is phenomenal. There is of course, a lot of public transport available. The metro is great. The bus system is reasonably good, but the number of people using cars to get it on is just, i mean its, its outstanding. So all of that, of course thats to it. And i think the bigger problem really is that the city administration, the state administration and the Central Administration are 3 different bodies that basically control it. And does this no coordination among them to actually make things better . Right. So some roads that under some administration, some, some roads and others. So because of the lack of coordination, its like, you know, if you handle it, you handle it. And as it is not, you know, nobody funding it. And thats one of the reasons why we have, i think, a plethora of issues that the city faces. Deeper conflict mentions the bureaucratic problems. India has got a central pollution control board and there are state pollution control boards. How effective are they trying to manage pollution in the states but cut in 3, the pollution control board dont really have that much beef. And they, they are not believed to do this kind of cordon nation among states on policy issues. To give an example, one of the external factors in the season is the stubble bonding, which happens in the neighboring state of punjab. So the ag, because of the policy said has to change and the Punjab Government has to be told that family has to use alternative technology. That is something that the pollution control board that entity is not empowered to add to. It is so consistently behind an ordinance putting, setting up a new commission that is supposed to look into all of this. But once again, this happened only last month after the pollution began. So we do need, a better institution, school activities, as you said in t. V. , dont have to make this thing along with Building Infrastructure in terms of public transport and so on and Public Awareness as well. I think leave the institutions that the havent or take to handle sirica. Of course, on top of all of this, we now have the coronavirus. How is the pollution making life harder for people who are suffering from coronavirus . Is it making things worse . Sequel it 19 takes that is pretty systematically and reduces the oxygen saturation even in the best of times. Then you have the pollution increasing to such levels. This fitrakis just increases and so even patients who are becoming getting back into one pot and they never home isolation, im not needing to the oxygen. And that is why our big hospitals, us struggling to keep beds available for every patient unless every patient had this issue. Handle of any oxygen starts dropping. If you dont need high oxygen bags. And that is already stretching the existing, very thin interest at the breaking point. And ill even today i was struggling to get a couple of people and with the entrance of many different that i am right now. A, do you see any light at the end of the tunnel . Dr. Is this going to get worse . Do you think even, well, i mean, you know, they and i learned the struggling. Fortunately, guy has a lot of mortality. Its 1. 5 percent compared to us and europe probably looked at it. The reasons are probably because the welby should have been exposed to different kinds of fire this is earlier on, and that is hopefully our saving lives because whats patient were going to 8595 percent, they say let it go to get home. Having said that, pollution needs to be back until that the employer gets us. The other infant deaths evolution cause about 1. 26 lakh. Thats well, and im still for a disease then you know only, well were 90 happened then b. And i would stop then, you know, we have had about one point, you know, black and thats in india for a disease that is causing deaths every year. Yet i dont mean all this is not taking it basically just yet. I would like it would lead to that in emergency. Ok. Deeper referred earlier on to stubble burning as one of the reasons for have been neighboring states punjab and haryana again. That has been known about for a long time, the burning stubble from the rice paddy and straw from the rice paddies. Why hasnt the government able to tackle a lot so so were looking at the farmers in punjab on this matter. And i think the primary challenges that you know, this generation of thomas a country that is so used to this cycle of, you know, rice and beat that for them to think of shifting away to something as right. Dick was systemic changes right from the procurement options for alternative crop that they might so do training regarding, you know, how do you go bar, you know, cropping other other crops, the watering back down the resources required. All of that needs to start from scratch because the government actually spent a lot of time and money getting them to the right in the 1st place. You see they were actually left and youre talking about, you know, through the eightys and. d now, given that the not so much effort and money has gone into actually getting them on board to cultivate place, i think equal amount of effort needs to go in to sort of make a new learning all of that and telling them that, well, this is not sustainable from many of us, the most important of which is the water availability in the state of the job, which is precipitously declining with every passing year. And in the interest of long term agricultural profits for the states, i think the farmers will have to adapt to growing something else. But that is not going to happen with strict art collector. I will find you if youre blunt. It has to happen with one holding with, you know, these agricultural extensions as theyre called school. So to say for farmers to grow and learn and for them to get resources and to stop them and to get the resources to paint them. And if that doesnt happen, and if the government doesnt, you know, look out of their own market mechanism to provide other crops they otherwise would cultivate. This is probably going to go on for a while until, you know, it just becomes unsustainable. In many other ways to just go dyson plant, which would be a sad state of it, because it can eat quickly to help us understand why this. Why this process of burning off has enjoyed the governments trying to get farmers to find other methods to clear the field. And i know theres a tight reef seeding pretty area between the harvest. Just help us understand why thats a problem. I mean, the solutions have been developed a home grown, thats the beauty of it, which is, you know, theres this, you know, these happy cedar and, and these are the technologies that help, you know, incorporate the, as i suggested you in the soil. But the thing is that all of these are, you know, implements one on top of the other. One job is already one of the most heavy, mechanized agricultural states and perhaps regions in the world, right . The per capita ownership of things like a party of, of, and of harvesters and of practice probably rivals jadavpur and america. Which means that, you know, i think more and more employment makes it very expensive prospect for farmers to actually continue doing it. And theyre already under serious levels of debt. So that after we leave, you know, models that are sustainable in terms of whether its leasing, whether its Community Purchase and use it. And then of course the education part of it, as i said its, its happened in 4 years, but every year unfortunately, weve kind of gone with the stick in september of each year saying, you know, do this or you get fined, do the same, you get fined and the political will to sort of girl, you know, implement the fine is not then its unfairly that i have to actually ask them to pay a fine because nothings been done throughout the year. So i think unless we can actually put money where the mouth is and do something about it, and i think in the long run, the better solution is to not even the long end of money in the medium term. To get them away is probably the solution, but i think its happening increasingly when the conditions were seeing because a lot of people are saying that the cost of agriculture is already going up significantly in punjab and maybe list come to it there in a farmers the shift and mass as opposed to, you know, trying to sort of solve the rice, how do issues deeper. The government does have a National Plan and launching 2019 to, to cut pollution by 20 to 30 percent by 2014. How realistic does that target look now . So like all of the issues that kind of think this talked about and what people have been discussing the dont see in the Actual Movement on the ground or manual says. So if the pink that if things continue to read, they are not then the targets. I think that the important point is for understand that this solution is not the one thing event. That this is something that needs a change in many, many things. Like the act because the policy, so it cannot be that in these months we find the promise and then the rest of the other things go on as usual. Bank building public, the public transport separation of the duction of it all of this. And we dont see any of that to be happening, and all this cannot be put on neeleman, the vigils and on the public. So advertisement kind of athens. But all of this needs structure the support, they need a lot of investment. I mean from the government also, it must remember there is a sense even as a huge number of people who are below the poverty line and the high levels of inequality. And therefore im listed support in terms of well infrastructure. Then maybe as other systems you think once was and in fact one thing if its business as usual, then im not ready will. So reka what is the effect on recovering patients of pollution . I mean and telling people to get out of new delhis to recover what happens to people. Oh, to go there. You know, its always you always enough, but you did it. Well, you did it that uses the, the governor, well, most, 50 percent. And of your goal is to be seen that patients led government from all over the well of many fibrosis and they have a distinctive difficulty and 50 even then 6 to 8 weeks after they get a good eye be said negative. So when you happy you did it, it just makes it much worse. And oh, with all the festivities that have happened, people ive been out in the boat without much the out of causing the pollution is just an added burden on the existing problems. And i list the government, the serious about acting. You shouldnt not just with land, but with actual actions. Youre going to be very, very difficult times ahead. In china, the government there is aggressively promoting now green vehicles of course, and in china theres a much more top down control over the development of the states economy. But china seems to have seen the future for greener industries. Why hasnt india yet . So i think that hes got a fantastic policy by default electric vehicles, if thats the sort of tip of the iceberg in any case. But you know, all of those are going to come in maybe not about 5 to 10 years, like for 5 to 10 years. Although the scene is incrementally going to impact, you know, each other, maybe, you know, 5 percent or whatever it might be. So i dont think its relying on just those, those industries to come in and replace is likely the solution i thought, but thats it. India still needs to do it. And i think theres a whole suite of policies that if youve been looking at the, at the announcement from the finance ministry, a great performance linked incentives for, you know, industrial manufacturing. But you clearly, you know, those that represent green the street is that of course, indias been slow to get on that bus family because, you know, we dont have the fundamental in the us a manufacturing backbone that china has had for now at least 3 or 4 decades, and im listed sort of build that up, you know, and our degrees out underlines in china, even for simple competence. Its basically in the electronics industry. We will of course find it a challenge, but i think the government is serious about it, primarily because it understands that jobs in india rely on these industries actually coming in. And thats really the future. And automotive, specifically, since we talked about cars, is one of indias biggest exporters, and as well as you know, because integrated to overall g. D. P. In the country as well. So they are definitely a serious about it. But you know, that is not going to solve the problem for another 10 years, at least because the stock of because of the having the continuous sales of, you know, petrol and diesel vehicles that are already, you know, are there will probably continue well into this decade its that so i dont think we should land that to solve the problem. But its something that i think is being addressed. Deeper you seem to have suggested in some area around the system has been a failure by the government to grasp the seriousness of pollution. Do you think the government grasps the importance of the green future of green a technologies . I think in the rhetoric its all there. And there is definitely much more of knowledge meant all in my mental issues. Now then there was, he will say about 4 or 5 years back, and the goals, the many of these coming in. But at the same time, i would replay the point that one of the issues is that each of this is to look at it in a different silos and be able to see the link. So the, and the culture policy, the nutrition policy, the employment policy, all of those has to become green along with being poor and like the used to say and the word. But it also needs to be looked at from an environment to lance mouse. I think it needs a much bigger change in the public space in the really think about what economic progress means and what is the kind of future that we see for ourselves. And given that the in technology is one rule, its one complement. So all of this is coming in the in piecemeal might not, which is a possibility better than not having anything. But at the same time, i think the Bigger Picture is something that and the 2nd, i just ask you in terms of our new, not a, an economist, but clearly the amount of people you are dealing with. These are people who could be working and who should be working. Do you end up take telling people to take a lot of time off work because of the risperidone diseases. Theyre suffering from the cost of staying at home and looking after a sea bed and is under the billions of dollars. Unfortunately in india, we dont have data, but the economy cost awful. His self poor health is huge. If the government can be able mindset as to understand the logic of healthy. 6 nation is going to create a lot hidden economy. The way china has tackled evolution is something that, in debt can definitely learn from that. One thing used to shut down because of bad it. And i think hes already there right now. Like what i think of the 5 say we have the plans in place. We have the origin of you dont have the action to go with those plants. The have to start stopping thomas plants like germany and already stopped. 8 its last oil fired up i did 2020 and in guess even now stopping new polygons based on colin. And so we have to walk the ball. We have to create open forests. We have to do a lot more than they actually are doing. Expect the whole your population and i would also like to add that the Health Budget needs to go up really high before because the guy didnt help get us more steeper, out, related by the private sector. And the government needs to invest and that has meant its a difficult things, but this is also there. Well, actually it seems to happen at the policy level in the end, i will as well step back to review it situation. Its a great time playing out to start making massive changes in their policy that every action should be a Sustainable Development so that we can have a healthy up relation and we dont remain at the same policeman next year. Ok, thank you very much for that. We are unfortunately out of time folks, but funks to all of our guests to talk to the catholic, going to and thank you for watching. You can see the program again any time by visiting our website, aljazeera dot com for more debate. You can go to our facebook page, facebook dot com for slash a. J. Inside story. You can also join the conversation on twitter. We are a. J. Inside story on this era for me, but its not on the whole team here fully back to bill in doha, with a look at our main stories on aljazeera. A suitable company, astra zeneca and oxford university, say, late stage testing of their Coronavirus Vaccine shows its highly effective with no serious side effects. The company says it can be sold at fridge, temperature, making it cheaper and easier to distribute. Join a whole has more from london. Hugely important breakthrough this, according to astra zeneca 1st of all, no serious side effects, as you said there. Secondly, importantly, those people in the large scale trials that have been taking place in this country in brazil and south africa who do still
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