From this moment onwards dutch multinationals will be held accountable for their activities and their actions in developing countries and thats an enormous victory for for for that the rights of more globally. By degrees has been following proceedings from a boozer. This is not the only case in court either in the netherlands or in the u. K. Where hundreds of people have queued up to shell for contaminating the niger delta i spoke to an actor is a short while ago he said this is just the beginning and a lot of analysts also believe that it will open the floodgates into so many late editions against all producing Company Production companies that have been operating in nigeria some of these cases have been there for a very long time and they were unsuccessful similar communities up and successful to try call a shell in nigeria and courts for example in this particular case today in the netherlands 2 of the people who filed that case have died have already died but again activists are saying that this could lead to more litigation against shell and other International Oil companies here in nigeria the European Union is expected to give astra zeneca as covert 1000 vaccine emergency approval in the coming hours thats despite a growing dispute between the block and the company over a sort of supply astra zeneca reduced their commitment a week ago blaming manufacturing issues dominic kane has more from burnham. The point to make here is the urgency which the European Union believes needs to be brought into this whole scenario they want they were expecting remember tens of millions of doses of this vaccine for which theyve already made a very large upfront payment more than 400000000. 00 they were expecting to have tens of millions of doses of the vaccine once its approved which we expect approval to come sometime this afternoon european time from amsterdam where the regulator body for the e. U. Is space that once it would be approved then tens of 1000000 doses over the course of the next few months would be made available but we now know that thats not going to be the case or at least far fewer will be made available and the route between the e. U. And the case has come down and the astra zeneca rather which is based in the u. K. Headquarters there there i was come down to the interpretation of the contract signed between the 2 parties so you see this its not quite a war of words but theres no question here that the European Union is insisting upon what it believes is a binding commitment and it has a serious shortfall of millions of doses of vaccine to deal with over the course of the next couple of months china says it will no longer recognize the British National overseas passport available to 3000000 hong kong residents beijing made the move after the u. K. Launched a visa scheme that allows these passports holders to apply for british citizenship this is a response of the National Security law imposed on hong kong by china the u. K. Government says its standing up for freedom supporters of indias ruling b j p party are accused of attacking farmers who are demanding the government withdraw its controversial laws they say will ruin their livelihoods thousands of farmers refused to move during the standoff on the outskirts of new delhi police then intervened using tear gas to disperse the crowds. Protests in lebanon have been growing as anger rises at lockdown measures and government. Security forces have been firing tear gas and water cannon at crowds of protesters gathered in the city of tripoli 2 people have been killed and hundreds injured in 4 days of unrest yet today its with the headlines on aljazeera more news coming up after the arab awakening thanks for watching but by. Eat eat eat eat eat eat eat have sort of come to set on what he said with the understanding all the world never advanced in the trade i dont know god than without more not enough and that means that once you climb to the top of the cliff much steve. Let me. Try before him because he had to get beat. One way of looking at the person consumed right having told. Us that for this person is very insecure. Power unless you little know what are the ones that are. Close to the. Strong men who want to feel like you have been the norm in the arab world for almost hoffa centuries. Men who either sees how or where in the right place at the right time. With the 6981 the assassination of president anwar sadat. Egypts muses one into crowds was run the country for a decade and then gets on the other who stays in power for 30 years. Mubarak came to power. Accident. And it was an accident of his. For one thing. Said that appointed him as Vice President. There were other eligible candidates that. Probably. More deserving than him. But. That was the choice of offset that if they were usually in the military i mean barak was head of the air force. He was close to setup when saddam was. Not of course his military colonel gadhafi of course was in the libyan army of the time but the Royal Libyan Army that would have been there. Assads father had been head of the efforts of these are people who knew about power and weapons and the use of power. Of course you know when they would you know offices they think they could tell clearly whether there might be an opening or not but they did that time but the principle of the dictator before his dictator is to be patient. And they all were i mean saddam was patient he was deeply loyal to his predecessor until he summoned him to a meeting and said its over im taking. This up it came as a result of minutes because British Military coup he led the group with a small group of officers who launched the who on september the 1st one to 16. With saddam hes someone who worked very hard in the ranks of his political party. And in 1968 he led the cool against the military regime at the time and. And you know. If you look at the case of well not so ive been plotting for a long time saddam had been a spy for the germans i mean they were they were involved in the dark side of the world and they were not stupid i mean its not so i can think of who often one of thems in yemen but that these early to tell you to have intelligence they have brains and they played the game very carefully they waited waited waited they had patients. With a deeply intellectual know i mean one of the problems that all the tensions had. Is a by and large they didnt have a University Degree they didnt read. I once did mobarak read and one of his advisors said no but i think his intelligence chief to us. Well its a big freighter acquires power he needs to hold on to it and intelligence is running much aware of the enemies he has made in the process of getting to the top each enemy or perceived enemy is a potential challenger who must be eliminated. Starting with those closest to him. This happened with the war with nasir not sort of came with like. 90 or or 10. Offices free officers who have. Stayed with him. Before he came to power and they helped. Launch the calling 952. With and they supported. Doing that. By 97 to one he passed away. Out of these 9 members of the revolutionary concert in egypt there were already 3 who had to remain besides said. It was one. Another typical example is because he came with a group of office of. One leader which really captured world attention with Saddam Hussein. The televised story of the very 1st meeting of his senior officials he had after he took over from his cousin and became number one in there in iraq i was a very interesting meeting. There about 200 people. Its a large auditorium and he. Wanted to get rid of 21 people. He. Took one of those 20 in there and arrested him and his family and said to him you know i want you to confess to the plot against me it was not. And instructed him that unless you confess to this publicly then will you but your family will be tortured and executed. Let me defend then. And also when guilty. And can talk again alma and then the you know the whole. Place he she im really a telling them thomas that is his and he then went through and theres this is captured on video with him smoking a big black cigar and smiling throughout the entire 200 people in the auditorium off with is here conspirator. You know the person would say who knew the list he was posed to pick up what about michael is he a conspirator yes i would point to security grounds would come to crap and put the audience and not have any is that they be indeed in the. Mind of many i mean you and i need to let me let there be it by that i did not hear that or live. Here very much a record of success unless there are you. Lot. We went through the entire 200 people no one knew who was going to be selected they knew there was no such place and we greatly relieved when they were instructed and then the clincher who said to them i praise you for your loyalty and as a reward you will be able to perform the 21 firing squads for the the enemies of the. Jeem making them complicit and in a sense there are a lot of he was are ya. I mean saddam was definitely with the current us guys around. I think you see saddam ruled his own government by terror. Half as a law side ruled his government by saying im faithful to you you must be faithful to me but he would say ok your mind minister of Foreign Affairs and you will stay the minister. In other words you were safe in your job most of the ministers i knew and i said they were the same people plastic the ridiculous minister defense he was at the same job for decades and so they felt safe why should they want to overthrow the present they got one of the greatest jobs they wanted they were close to pa it was right they could indulge in all kinds of you know proper economic practice of obsessive faced a revolt from the late seventys all roads of the muslim brothers and they started killing some of this case to see its eventually seized control of the town come up and start killing Party Members that it was really instructions direction and he sent in the troops and the black spot of his career was that really moves to the casualties were caused of to the government and retaken control of the tough people brought down from the house. So. Who are perhaps 10000 casualties perhaps more if you live in syria for example and you see what happened in lebanon with this and well see what happened in iraq struction of a society of 5 or 6000000 either displaced or turned adrift gins syria had to get to see them in the off iraqi refugees then youre grateful for a certain stability and youre prepared to sacrifice some Political Freedoms for thats to know this. Same i think applies a number of arab countries when there was people known for security and what these dictators said was we can give you security and stability or d chaos that was the other. Use and if the corruption economy travel religion too. You know what was very interesting about mubarak for example was that he would crush the islamists and tell the american those of trust islam if youve got people supporting me. I need to deal with the Muslim Brotherhood so that some of those products then say to americans look some of our department is dangerous and the line was always its that morass but in many cases the the dictator would try and use the islamists to secure his own hot. You know feet he. Feeds. If. He. Get bad he. As he consolidate his power by getting rid of challenges instilling fear all the while claiming to bring stability the dictator must be careful not to come across as an absolute monster in the end. As much as he needs to be feared he hopes to be. The heir was its very interesting how many of these leaders consider themselves the most the father of their of the country and these are just my people but my children this was true with mubarak its true i would conduct feet to i am. Was. Khadafi would say my people love me they will protect me i am here i am here its all about gadhafi its all about that individual and and his children over him that allegiance was they infantilized that people. They say that they make their people into little children and the state children. And you know and they give them they are going to school you know as long as you dont misbehave you wont get beaten or sent to the Police Station or tortured obara saw himself as a father figure not just for the egyptians but for the arab world at large he saw himself as the wise old man. And of the region. He liked it when younger arab leaders came up to him for advice and sought his opinion as other i think it made him feel that he was more experienced than them and that he was the wise man of the wheat i think weve seen an interesting sample of what happens to this kind of entitled reasoning when things start for heart and People Revolt as we have been witnessing and offie and what could darfur has done is take these people off of the spectrum of his people my people they all love me and anyone who doesnt must be an agent of al qaeda or the or the west because its infancy verbal to khadafi to believe. Otherwise why do they. Believe that the way to look at a good was you know and. For the maintenance of absolute power absolute allegiance is essential the 2 people should love you is a given. No leader rules a country he gets his information from the individuals around him many executes his decisions through the people around him and a person can be psychologically in touch with reality by psychological testing but politically out of touch with reality if hes surrounded by a group of sycophants who are. Afraid for good reason to criticize a leader and tell them what he wants to hear rather than what he needs to hear youve come to believe the duty you can can do it only you can vote no as your country only you can bring it forward and nobody else can tell you anything. The half is less and for example became rather remote from everybody in syria. He didnt really take advice he used to block out orders on the telephone in the middle of the night to his cabin the colleagues anyone in any job was told to subscribe one everything youre doing is correct were amazed at your work i mean whether in Journalism Television banking economy anything you start to believe it. One of the attributes of power. Is not just corrupt ability. It is also. A great desire to be right unloved and of course what happens is that they believe that people love them just believing the true people love you is not enough. You have to know them just think case that professed love is not real it is best to know what they are up to at all times. In a dictatorship in the middle east. Everyone has to say on each other thats part of the deal. So what did you learn today about the mob brought looking at the interior minister. Youve got to answer. The president and ask you this because i hope you know and. Of course it collects huge buses massive doses. In which they could check out each answer and see if it made sense obviously the worst this was sent out but i did it all the time but i only had they say the. We had about 7880 percent of the population looking for his 1st morocco reservations which means that when the revolution came of course many of them must have been a problem and women. It is necessary to have multiple separate conflicting security agencies Hosni Mubaraks egypt is an example state security controlled opposition groups Central Security took care of government buildings embassies Public Events military intelligence was responsible for National Security both inside and outside egypt borders not one of these agencies was on good terms with any of the others they all reported directly to the president reason for surveillance is to sniff out enemies people who are not loyal to you and might might be plotting against you i dont consider mubarak as in the same psychological class as saddam. Or khadafi by any means rather hes an authoritarian personality came from the military but i consider must much psychologically healthier than some of these. Really. Extremely in secure and arrogant dictators who have to sniff out danger at any cost and are actively carrying out surveillance at all times to find out who is against them who is betraying them and saddam was a wonderfully popular man and he won i think 99. 7 percent in the. Last election he ran in and was concerned to find out who that missing point 3 percent was. The minister of interior its main job is to keep the dictator in power that is the job that is in the hopper up that is the Security Services i mean those. All kinds of security said it around it it was very interesting for example in cairo the interior ministry in central cairo did a lot of torture. In damascus the torture was carried out in the midst of interior which was just a veil Damascus Railway line it was built by the east germans who had the former soviet bloc building the interior ministry and then the americans sending off the prisoners to be tortured in them with conducting for example some 15 or 20 percent of his socalled peoples committees are devoted to counterintelligence and spying on fellow libyan citizens and that creates such a painful climate where people can no longer trust their neighbors their friends. The government informant and it creates a very paralyzing. Climate ive often introduce some of these dictators and i usually say to them look these you would rights activists to put in jail a more dangerous job in jail or to jail and the inevitably see to be who but my security chiefs tell me its like a good to be careful in such an environment the Security Service is in there which we become puffing and so the the leaders the political leaders. Are ready to some extent and slave by the security chiefs. The problem for every all to crowds is the same with all dissent stifled everyone around him becomes a sycophant in fear of their lives as a result you will to cross risks the ignorance that comes with isolation. That all they have the political power they hold. The economic power and and thus they begin to act like a. So should category above everyone else in society their hair oil and so most of these republics that have been. Turned to gradually into a kind of off royalties. And. In which there is no inhibition anymore on the way they. Think the way they conduct themselves hes a few others in their own society and they develop that sense of associating. With the with the powerful and the rich in the