At the legacy of the man known as the butcher of bosnia. A warning that some viewers may find parts of this programme upsetting. Haunting music throughout. In the 1990s, terrible things happened here. And even now, bosnias earth guards its secrets. Gunshots. But in order to escape its past, this country must confront it again, with the imminent verdict on general ratko mladic, whose list of war crimes led him to be dubbed the butcher of bosnia. Music continues. In an old factory in central bosnia, the human cost of the war is still being measured. For it is here that unidentified corpses from mass graves are being delivered even today, and the families of 30,000 still missing search for answers. This is overwhelming, in a certain way. There are pictures of the missing. There are human remains pretty much everywhere here, by the hundreds. And then, at the end there, there are scraps of clothing and other things that have been recovered with them. And this place is the main hope that a lot of the families of those missing have for discovering what on earth happened to a loved one who just disappeared all those years ago. Having covered the war 25 years ago, ive come back to explore the impact that one particularly malign man had on the lives of thousands. Ratko mladic commanded serb forces in the bosnian war. He is now facing a verdict on an enormous catalogue of war crimes, including genocide. It has taken six years to try. Four days ago marked two decades since ratko mladic became the commander of the main staff of the army of republika srpska, the vrs. On that day he assumed the mantle of realising, through military might, the criminal goals of ethnically cleansing much of bosnia. Musreta sivac was a judge herself in the North Western town of prijedor when serb troops took it over in may 1992. She was fired and became one of thousands of muslims sent to 0marska, an iron ore plant that would become infamous as a camp where, in a few months, 700 inmates died. 0marska was the product of what was called ethnic cleansing driving non serbs out of much of bosnia. 37 women were used to serve in the camps dining hall. During the day, they could hear torture going on in their nearby dormitories, and night brought its own anguish. Haunting music. I have to admit somewhat ashamed to admit it that i was a little sceptical of some of the reports that initially emerged in 1992 about what was happening to people in these camps. But pretty quickly it did become clear that terrible things were happening and actually, it was the human suffering caused in that initial phase of ethnic cleansing and murder and rape that went on in the north west of bosnia here that caused the International Criminal tribunal to be formed, and set in train the whole process of International Justice that will culminate in the sentencing of general mladic. 0urfilming was stopped by security guards. Whats the problem . Hes saying that we are not allowed to film the factory. The iron plant is now in action again and a foreign firm, but its a measure of the sensitivities that 0marska still generates. Mr kvocka, please rise. Early on, the Hague Tribunal tried several of the 0marska guards. One of those trials featured miroslav kvocka. A policeman at the start of the war, he was described in court as Deputy Commander of the camp. Then, as now, he portrays himself as someone who saved his muslim wifes relatives from the horror of the camp. The chamber considers that isolated acts of kindness to some prisoners do not absolve an individual of crimes which may have been committed. The court said he was culpable ofjoint enterprise. He knew what was going on. The chamber finds you guilty of the crime against humanity persecution, and the war crimes murder and torture. In the war, we used to travel into sarajevo via mount igman. Were here again. This place, a remnant of the winter olympics, became a battleground as the focus of the war shifted from the area around prijedor to bosnias capital. And in that long fight, a whole new chapter of war crimes began. Very quickly after the war started, the Bosnian Serbs were driven out of most of sarajevo. Theyjust held a couple of neighbourhoods on that flank. Apart from that, they were in the surrounding hills, from where they poured down sniper and artillery fire onto the people below. General mladic started a siege that was to last more than three years. And, of course, those events now form a central part of the indictments against him. From the beginning of the conflict, mladic brought to bear the serb armys superiority in artillery. And as this intercepted conversation showed, used it against the population of sarajevo. So you had come out of the flat that morning . Mia karamehic was a 7 year old living on this street. How did the vibe change in the war . It must have been a big, big change. It was a shock. The siege had just started and she was brought out by a rumour of ice cream. We heard this extremely loud whistle and suddenly, the earth began to shake. I went flying up in the air. And then, in another few seconds, all hell broke loose. I could see everybody lying on the street. People in pieces, a lot of blood. In those dreadful moments, in which 20 people died, a cameraman captured this fleeting image of mia being carried off. She survived shrapnel wounds. Her mother lost a leg in the blast. Together, the family and neighbours endured the following three years during which, at times, 1,000 shells a day would fall on the city. We were submitted to shelling and sniper rifles. No water, no electricity, and no food. So we were like mice in a cage, pretty much. While the world awaits the mladic verdict, the hague process has gone on for so long that some convicts have done their time in european prisons they could choose where and been released. A few years ago, jubilant crowds turned out to meet Momcilo Krajisnik as he returned. He was the speaker of the Serb Parliament and, having served his punishment, accepts people on his side were also guilty of war crimes. For much of the war, the bosnian serb leadership successfully kept the outside world at bay. Sometimes intimidating un troops, at others firing on or even taking them hostage. Piano music. But across in the east of the country, events reached a Tipping Point in the final year of the war. The genocide indictment against general ratko mladic divides his crimes into various phases. The early part of the war around prijedor, north west bosnia. Then the siege of sarajevo in the centre. And then, finally, the enormous catalogue of crimes that took place in this place in 1995. Srebrenica. Music continues. The un had declared the srebrenica enclave to be a safe area. But in fact, as mladic planned its capture, the dutch un troops who were meant to defend it had been abandoned by their higher commanders. Mladic savoured his triumph, and recalled past defeats of the serbs by the ottoman turks. Srebrenica was overrun, and more than 20,000 frightened muslim women and children crammed into the dutch base. Rob zomer was one of the soldiers there. Still, any time when i walk in this door, a split second, i smell and see the people. Dead people. There is no toilets. Babies. Everything together. You cannot mention how much it was. Thousands of people. As srebrenica fell, one woman gave rob zomer her baby to look after. How desperate must a lady be, when she cares for a young baby, just born. You must protect it, normally. To give to some strange guy, because he has a blue helmet . Because in that moment it was the best thinking for her, to give the best for her baby, for surviving. He passed the child onto medics, and it survived. Mladic guaranteed the women and childrens safe passage. But meanwhile, his troops hunted the men of srebrenica. When captured, they were taken to places like this school. Soon after the war, we visited it, checking reports that men had been held here and shots fired to keep them under control. 0ur information came from mevludin 0ric, who went back there hed seen mladic personally supervising what was to happen next. The men, already terrified, were packed into trucks and taken to a nearby field, where mass murder began. The men, already terrified, were packed into trucks and taken to a nearby field, where mass murder began. Mevludin survived by playing dead among the corpses, and at night he escaped over the mountains to government territory. When we came here in 1996, the main mosque had actually been blown up, and the minaret was lying in the street. And its been restored, and over the years, a good many people have come back, muslim people. Not as many as were here before, but a kind of Muslim Bosniak life has been reconstructed in this town. Mevludin 0ric is haunted by the loss of his father, brother and numerous cousins, and also by the fact that he still recognises serbs around here from those killing fields. In prijedor, where musreta sivac returned after the war, there are also reminders everywhere. Some men who were never convicted, others whove served their sentences, and who she now encounters on the streets. Miroslav kvocka, taking labouring jobs since his return, is unable to leave the past behind or get over what he regards as an injustice. For Momcilo Krajisnik, its pointless quibbling with a sentence hes already served. Hes done with raging against the hague, and today thinks politicians have to leave their sectarian approach behind. This remains a divided country, in which sectarian politicians play on nationalfears. And for that reason, as the trials end in the hague, the pursuit of war crimes will go on in bosnia itself. Haunting piano music. Hello there. Part two of the weekend will be cold again. A colder start if you are stepping out first thing this morning and it is no surprise that we had a Beautiful Day across the north. We had clear skies and temperatures have plummeted. In the south, not so clear. We began with dank and grey weather but that gradually eased out of the way. The harshest frost will be in rural areas in northern and eastern parts of the uk but frost is likely elsewhere and it means that it will be a lovely sunny start to the day for most of us. However, where we have had the legacy of damp weather across southern england, parts of wales and those areas more prone to fog, again, if you travel this morning you will hang around at this time of year until the middle of the morning so it will be quite cold and grey. Promising across scotland for sunshine. Fewer showers and the Gale Force Winds that have been for three days now should begin to ease. That is not to say that its not a cold start. These towns and cities in the countryside will be below freezing and you will scrape the ice off the cars. Fog issues across the southern half of the uk possibly northern ireland, and the weather front is never too far away from the south west of wales and northern ireland. Will tend to topple back into cloud through the afternoon turning skies a little grey that you will feel cold. The wind wont be quite so strong in the east, given such a cold start, the temperatures will be lower than they were yesterday. Struggling to five or six degrees but not too bad in the sunshine and there should be some around in the Late Afternoon for watford and west hampshire. They willjust be cold although fine and dry and temperatures will fall away quickly as they will in scotland. Cold if you are heading out to any sporting events through the course of the day ahead. Through this evening and overnight, we could see snow across the hills of scotland, possibly even at lower levels as we start to see a change. We will watch that for the rush hour and it may cause disruption. There will be heavy rain for a time before it gets blown away by the brisk westerly wind coming in off the atlantic. A real change of type and feel i think by the time we reach monday. Not necessarily in the north. That cold air really does stagnate and holds on across the north and east of scotland. A question of how far that cold air comes back but at the moment it looks like the mild air will win through for much of the week and could bring with it further rain. Severe Gale Force Winds potentially late in the week. Hello and welcome to bbc news. Tens of thousands of people have marched in the zimbabwean capital, harare, and the second city, bulawayo, calling on their president of four decades to stand down. Robert mugabes been under house arrest since the army took control four days ago. Now, the countrys ruling party, zanu pf says it will dismiss mr mugabe as its leader on sunday and reinstate the ousted vice president. 0ur africa editor, fergal keane, reports from harare. Something happened inside the people today. A shared energy that swept them along the streets. They were there on the big streets and small
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