Applause i also signed the most significant gun safety law in most 30 years. I had to fight to get that done, convicted domestic abusers cannot own a weapon. In addition to that we finally got it passed. 0ur own a weapon. In addition to that we finally got it passed. Our children can learn to read and write not learn to Duck And Cover in school. Seriously, think about that. In the year 2024 were learning hearing about children learning to Duck And Cover. I will not stop until a ban assault weapons. Ice cover. I will not stop until a ban assault weapons. Cover. I will not stop until a ban assault weapons. Joe biden at the womens history assault weapons. Joe biden at the womens history reception assault weapons. Joe biden at the womens history reception at assault weapons. Joe biden at the womens history reception at thel womens history reception at the white house. We will continue to monitor that because we have heard in the last hour he has had a Phone Conversation with Benjamin Netanyahu. He has comments about the middle east we will play those to you. There is the live pictures coming to us from the white house. Before we went to moscow to seek Vladimir Putin we broke away from an important story. As the world looks to move away from using fossil fuels, demand for Deep Sea Mining Permits is increasing. There are tens of billions of pounds worth of metals and minerals lying on the oceans seabed, which could be used in renewable technologies. But what impact could mining have on marine life and coastal communities . In terms of that basic question should be the ocean floor . What is your view . It should be the ocean floor . What is our view . ,. , should be the ocean floor . What is our view . ,. ,. , your view . It has many dimensions, onl one your view . It has many dimensions, only one of your view . It has many dimensions, only one of which your view . It has many dimensions, only one of which is your view . It has many dimensions, only one of which is ecological only one of which is ecological impact. As a Marine Biologist that is what i am researching. We are carrying out work to understand what that impact is going to be, but that isnt the answer to the question, should be mine the deep sea or not. In addition to ecological impacts there are social impacts, when you compare mining on sea, there are Economic Impacts of people chase these resources. What will happen to countries whose economies depend on their Land Countries whose economies depend on their [and Mining Resources and so on. There are cultural impacts. There are all these other dimensions to it. As a researcher i am focused on understanding ecological impacts but that is not the answer to the overall question. Just but that is not the answer to the overall question. But that is not the answer to the overall question. Just touching on what youve overall question. Just touching on what youve just overall question. Just touching on what youve just said overall question. Just touching on what youve just said that overall question. Just touching on what youve just said that we overall question. Just touching on | what youve just said that we have any sort of idea if this sort of mining happens, the likely impacts . To have any sort of assessment as we are speaking now . To have any sort of assessment as we are speaking now . Are speaking now . Yes. We are talkin are speaking now . Yes. We are talking about are speaking now . Yes. We are talking about an are speaking now . Yes. We are talking about an area are speaking now . Yes. We are talking about an area of are speaking now . Yes. We are talking about an area of the are speaking now . Yes. We are i talking about an area of the ocean that stretches from mexico out towards hawaii. There is about 1. 5 million Square Kilometres of sea bed where these nodules occur that these miners are interested in operating. This is an area three times the size of france. We know there are at least 6000 species of animals that live on the sea bed in that area. What we need to do is assess, is a very basic thing, we dont want to drive any species to extinction with new industrial activity. We need to assess how vulnerable those species are going to be as a result of mining activity. It comes down to, i do like dandelions, or other like Great Crested Newt . When we are mining or building on land Great Crested Newt . When we are mining or building on [and we dont worry about what happens to dandelions, they are not at risk of extinction because we know their populations are more widespread than the areas being affected, they are good at dispersing, they can grow in any nook and cranny. Some deep sea animals might be like that, like dandelions on land. Also a land animals might be like that, like dandelions on land. Also a [and we have things like Great Crested Newt is the only live in certain conditions and they are much more vulnerable and anything that affects their habitat could risk wiping out their habitat could risk wiping out their populations. Some deep sea animals in this area might be like that. We have got more than 6000 species there. There are already big area set up where no mining will take place, the same size, about 1. 5 million Square Kilometres, already set aside for many future mining. We need to know whether those Reserve Areas are in the right place. Do they contain the same species . To be as effective as reserves so species are not going to be threatened with any kind of risk of extension . You are writing any kind of risk of extension . You are writing your any kind of risk of extension . You are writing your first answer. There are writing your first answer. There are so many questions this throws up. Do we know the sorts of quantities we are talking about these metallic nodules . They potentially could be used in renewable technologies. Again you see the conflicts here of cost benefit. ~. ,. ,. , benefit. We do, overall, need more of these critical benefit. We do, overall, need more of these Critical Minerals benefit. We do, overall, need more of these Critical Minerals for benefit. We do, overall, need more of these Critical Minerals for these l of these Critical Minerals for these kinds of technologies. There are lots of different metals and lots of different purposes and things are changing all the time. A few years ago there was a lot of interest for electric vehicle batteries. Now manufacturers are moving away from those kinds of batteries and using different materials. We still need the same metals for lots of other purposes, for renewable technology. We need more metal overall for the transition. We also need to get a lot better at recycling the metals that we have got. Even if we were really good at recycling now there is not enough metal out there to meet the demand. It has got to come from somewhere. Ultimately the question is, whenever we mine anything, we have an impact on the environment. The question is, where do we want to have that impact because my is it on land, where it is also affecting Human Populations and so on. Is it elsewhere . Deep sea mining can be more closely monitored. There are big problems with child labour. There are pros and cons on both sides. That is what is at the heart of this debate. 0n the one hand they have the arguments from the Mining Companies about the need here. On the other hand you have organisations such as greenpeace who are opposed to Deep Sea Mining and i think need to clarify if they are opposed to it on principle. There are plenty of reasons to be opposed to it that are based on understanding environmental impact. If it will increase the gap between rich and poor it there is a reason to oppose it, but not necessarily interested in outcomes from further research, so it is worth stating that position and making it clear in the debate. Really briefly, if you would, who regulates the sea bed . This really briefly, if you would, who regulates the sea bed . Regulates the sea bed . This is takin regulates the sea bed . This is taking place regulates the sea bed . This is taking place beyond regulates the sea bed . This is taking place beyond the regulates the sea bed . This is taking place beyond the boundaries of nationaljurisdiction, out in the middle of the ocean. It is regulated by a body called the International Sea bed authority, which has a mandate from the United Nations. These metals dont belong to any nation and in fact the United Nations defines them as being common heritage of humanity. The idea is, if anyone does exploit them, benefits should be shared with everybody in some form. But at the same time how do we go about doing thatis same time how do we go about doing that is a big question. That is a big question. Thanks so much, a fascinating that is a big question. Thanks so much, a fascinating area that is a big question. Thanks so much, a fascinating area and much, a fascinating area and subject. Thank you so much for joining us alive. Many children are still missing. Here in london a british mp has convened a meeting to discuss the fate of Ukrainian Children who have been taken to russia. My colleague 0lga Malchevska who has reported on the topic was invited to take part. Take this with the evidence mps have been hearing about what has happened to those children. The been hearing about what has happened to those children. To those children. The bbc team was asked to provide to those children. The bbc team was asked to provide evidence. To those children. The bbc team was asked to provide evidence. While asked to provide evidence. While working on the documentary of putins stolen children. We spoke about the cases we have got. Basically we managed to trace the children who were taken from the ukrainian kherson regional Childrens Home. We managed to trace a couple of cases of those children and some of them had been returned later on. One of them, as we managed to find out, was adopted. 0ne later on. One of them, as we managed to find out, was adopted. One of those kids was adopted by the russian mp whose he was a close putin ally. The child was just ten months old when she had been taken from the kherson regional Childrens Home in ukraine while it was occupied by russians. Later on, as the team found out, there was a bus set up for the children taken out from this kherson regional Childrens Home to russia. That is where the trace was last and it took the efforts of over five months of multiple journeys, the efforts of over five months of multiplejourneys, a huge team led by the director, to find out what happened to them. With the head of the Ukrainian Ngo he is one of those who conducted the huge efforts, collaborating with Ukrainian Government and the government of other countries, trying to return those children who got deported to russia. Thank you for finding time for us. Speaking about the numbers, we have heard about at least 20,000 Ukrainian Children who were taken to russia, although russia says they had almost 700,000 children registered there. Why do we see such a difference . A difference . Sometimes people are confused hearing a difference . Sometimes people are confused hearing different a difference . Sometimes people are confused hearing different numbers. You are confused hearing different numbers. You are right. We have to talk about a bigger you are right. We have to talk about a bigger number of children for the last ten a bigger number of children for the last ten years because, after 2014 invasion, last ten years because, after 2014 invasion, more than1 million children invasion, more than1 million children stays under the russian. It is critical children stays under the russian. It is critical because the strategy of russia, is critical because the strategy of russia, just brainwash the children, instill russia, just brainwash the children, instill hatred towards the rest, not only towards ukraine, and weaponise the children, use them as russian soldiers the children, use them as russian soldiers in the children, use them as russian soldiers in this war. Another number is 744,000 soldiers in this war. Another number is 744,000 which russia stated, which is 744,000 which russia stated, which is is 744,000 which russia stated, which is the children who have been registered which is the children who have been registered after a full scale invasion registered after a full scale invasion. We have no idea how many of them invasion. We have no idea how many of them are invasion. We have no idea how many of them are unaccompanied, how many of them are unaccompanied, how many of them of them are unaccompanied, how many of them are of them are unaccompanied, how many of them are orphans who have been kidnapped of them are orphans who have been kidnapped. When Ukrainian Government identify. Kidnapped. When Ukrainian Government identify. We kidnapped. When Ukrainian Government identify, we as ukraine identify only 20,000 children, it is the orphans only 20,000 children, it is the orphans who have been kidnapped from orphanages, from foster families, and other orphanages, from foster families, and other children whose parents were and other children whose parents were killed or in camps, or have been were killed or in camps, or have been imprisoned. We know only this numher been imprisoned. We know only this number but been imprisoned. We know only this number but every day we know about more number but every day we know about more and number but every day we know about more and more children and i think the scale more and more children and i think the scale of more and more children and i think the scale of this issue is much higgen the scale of this issue is much bi cer. ~. The scale of this issue is much bi er. ,. , the scale of this issue is much bier. ~. ,. , the scale of this issue is much bigger. What tools do you have is a human rights bigger. What tools do you have is a human rights lawyer, bigger. What tools do you have is a human rights lawyer, to bigger. What tools do you have is a human rights lawyer, to return bigger. What tools do you have is a i human rights lawyer, to return those children, and what are the main challenges for those children, who are staying in russian controlled territories . This are staying in russian controlled territories . Territories . As the Save Ukraine Organisation territories . As the Save Ukraine Organisation we territories . As the Save Ukraine Organisation we builders territories . As the Save Ukraine Organisation we builders clear. Organisation we builders Clear Strategy organisation we builders Clear Strategy to find these children and return strategy to find these children and return them and we provide rehabilitation of these children and integrate rehabilitation of these children and integrate them into local communities. It is very hard because russia communities. It is very hard because russia tried communities. It is very hard because russia tried to control everything and not russia tried to control everything and not allowed to extract any child and not allowed to extract any child and they and not allowed to extract any child and they stayed there even if mother is going and they stayed there even if mother is going to and they stayed there even if mother is going to russia, very often they are deporting them back to ukraine and not are deporting them back to ukraine and not allowjust to meet the child and not allowjust to meet the child and take and not allowjust to meet the child and take child back. It is a critical and take child back. It is a critical now to find teenagers and young critical now to find teenagers and young adults because russia indoctrination they weaponise them, they send indoctrination they weaponise them, they send them to the russian army and we they send them to the russian army and we are they send them to the russian army and we are now investigating some cases and we are now investigating some cases where russian soldiers, who were cases where russian soldiers, who were Ukrainian Children ten years ago. Were Ukrainian Children ten years ago. And were Ukrainian Children ten years ago, and they have been brainwashed and used ago, and they have been brainwashed and used as ago, and they have been brainwashed and used as russian soldiers now and they have and used as russian soldiers now and they have been captured and now in ukrainian they have been captured and now in ukrainian prisons. It is a war crime ukrainian prisons. It is a war crime. ~ ,. Ukrainian prisons. It is a war crime. , ~ ,. , crime. Thank you very much for shafinu crime. Thank you very much for sharing your crime. Thank you very much for sharing your expertise. Crime. Thank you very much for sharing your expertise. Just crime. Thank you very much for sharing your expertise. Just to l sharing your expertise. Just to expand on that we have heard evidence from victoria prentice. We heard baroness Helena Kennedy who also participated in the uk and ukraine and why the coalition on the returning of Ukrainian Children, unlawfully deported to russia. In terms of the tools they hav