Scotlands First Minister, humza yousaf, is insisting he will not resign despite a week pof political turmoil. Heres a quick recap of whats been happening. The crisis began when humza yousaf, who leads the Scottish National party, ended its Governing Coalition with the scottish greens. Both parties are pro scottish independence. Thered been trouble in the coalition about the decision to scrap climate targets, and gender policy issues. Theoretically, mr yousaf could lead a minority government, but he faces a Confidence Vote in his leadership and all the main scottish parties say they will vote against him. There is also expected to be a Confidence Vote in his government. Theres the possibility that a former snp member ash regan who defected to another nationalist party could save mr yousaf. But thats highly uncertain. The big picture in all of this is that the position of the Scottish National party is weakening with uk elections due. And that also has implications for the likelihood of scottish independence. Our reporter Catrina Renton is in glasgow, and explained how the First Ministerfound himself in this position. This time last week, we were talking about the Scottish Green Party voting on whether or not they should remain in partnership with the snp. Some in the party, as you were saying, were unhappy with the Power Sharing Arrangement after the snp dropped a Climate Change target. There has also been issues about gender services for young people. In a twist, humza yousaf called in the green ministers on thursday and he told them the relationship was over so that is how he finds himself in this position fighting for his political life. He said he is confident he will win the Confidence Vote and he will not resign but he does face these two votes of confidence next week, one in himself and one in his government. As you were explaining in your introduction, the arithmetic in the Scottish Parliament is very tight. There are 63 snp msps, there are 65 opposition msps and there is the Presiding Officer who retains a neutral position. He has written to all of the Party Leaders asking them for talks on where they can find common ground. I think it is safe to say we can rule out any deals with the pro union parties, labour, conservatives and liberal democrats. But somewhat ironically, mr yousaf is now having to reach back out to the greens who he dumped on thursday, but they are sore and they say they cant trust him after what happened. Mr yousaf said yesterday he didnt mean to upset or anger the scottish greens and that there are a lot of issues that both the snp and greens share. So that is one way he could remain in government if some of the seven scottish green msps were to change their tack and support him but that seems highly unlikely given the upset that was caused. His only other Potential Lifeline is the Alba Party Msp ash regan. She stood against humza yousaf for the leadership of the snp after the First MinisterNicola Sturgeon stood down. She left the snp and joined the alba party, which is alex salmond. The former First Minister who was also an snp First Minister, the party he leads now. She set out a number of conditions that she would support mr yousaf on. If he loses the personal vote, he is not legally bound to resign but you could imagine there is political pressure on him. We have heard from one snp msp this morning that he believes that humza yousaf would have to stand down if he loses that vote. We are watching him at the moment trying to reclaim the narrative, sort of putting his party on an Election Footing and looking at some of the issues that he would like to take to the doorstep so that is where we are right at the moment. He is running a campaign now to fight for his life. The bbc� s Catriona Renton there. Four vietnamese nationals have been arrested as part of an operation by british and french authorities against people smuggling. Its alleged they were part of a group which advertised small boat crossings on facebook. Another 12 people said to be linked to the same network were arrested in paris. It were allegedly targeting the vietnamese community. A hole in the ozone layer over antarctica, fuelled by smoke from bushfires in australia, is exposing wildlife to protentially damaging levels of uv light. Scientists from the University Of Wollongong say animals and plants are having to put more energy into avoiding the rays. Heres our science correspondent, victoria gill. The ozone layer that protects us from the suns most harmful rays is healing, gradually, but in antarctica, in cold, high atmospheric clouds, a hole in that layer still appears every year. That ozone thinning, or loss, used to peak in september or october, when animals and plants are tucked under winter snow and marine animals are protected by sea ice. But its now lingering until december, well into the antarctic summer, when wildlife is much more vulnerable. Researchers say that has been driven in part by smoke from the australian wildfires in 2019 and 2020, which were fuelled by Climate Change. The researchers found evidence that antarctic plants might have to put more energy into producing their own protective sunscreen compounds, and krill, the marine crustaceans that are the foundation of The Food Chain in antarctica, move deeper into the ocean to avoid ultraviolet rays, while penguins and seals are protected by protective feathers and fur, Scientists Say exposure to damaging rays could harm their eyesight. The researchers say we can no longer take the recovery of the ozone layer for granted. It is more evidence, they point out, that Carbon Emissions have to be reduced quickly so that more bushfires dont put extra pressure on a vital shield in our atmosphere. Victoria gill, bbc news. We were joined by one of the authors of the research, distinguished Professor Sharon robinson from the University Of Wollongong. As part of our work on the United Nations environment programme, we have to look at how the uv and Ozone Depletion or change across the globe. A paper came out in the last few years which showed the uv index, which is the number we got on our phones which tells us whether we need to wear sunscreen, had gone up in antarctica from six, which is moderate, to 14, which is extreme. 14 is what we have in summer in sydney. So that huge difference, which had occurred because of Ozone Depletion, made us think about also, what does that mean for the animals and plants that live in antarctica . And in the last four years, even though ozone is recovering, weve seen that the ozone hole has started in september and extended through to december. That was particularly concerning for me, because as a biologist, i know thats when most of the biology turns up in antarctica, to breed, pups are born, Penguin Chicks hatching and all the Plants And Animals come out from under the snow, so everything is happening. So uv at that time of year could be really concern for all those and plants. And just talk us through what has caused this i think it is specifically the wildfires weve seen in australia. So, any chemicals we inject into the stratosphere, many chemicals could destroy ozone. The 2019 20 bushfires were particularly intense so we know that Bushfire Smoke cut up into the stratosphere as a result of that, that then gets distributed across the globe and it ended up affecting the ozone hole for the following year, so that next summer, the ozone hole was particularly large and extended into december that year. Then we had two large volcanic eruptions, and again, volcanoes spew soffits into the stratosphere or in the case of the big hunger tonga volcano, there produce a lot of water vapour, which out into the stratosphere and because of a such a big explosion, it caused more Ozone Depletion. So even with the montreal protocol reducing cfcs most of those chemicals that we have been producing being taken out of the stratosphere, there is still this thread to the ozone layer because of new chemicals being injected into the stratosphere. Itv news has said the presenter rageh omaar is receiving medical care after he became unwell live on air. He was presenting the news at Ten Programme on friday when he appeared to struggle to read the news bulletins. Lets get more from our correspondent Charlotte Gallagher in the newsroom. What has happened . As you said, raueh what has happened . As you said, rageh omaar what has happened . As you said, rageh omaar was what has happened . As you said, rageh omaar was reading what has happened . As you said, rageh omaar was reading the what has happened . As you said, rageh omaar was reading the ten oclock news on itv, their flagship bulletin, and he became unwell while he was reading that bulletin, and it was obvious that he was struggling to read the autocue, and even during the programme people were tweeting itv saying is there something wrong with rageh omaar . He finished the programme, but there was something obviously happening there, some kind of medical issue. Itv has said that rageh omaar did indeed fall unwell while he was reading the bulletin, and that he is now receiving medical care, and they said that rageh omaar has expressed his thanks for the many good wishes that have come in from his colleagues and thousands of people on social media who are really concerned about him. That bulletin was due to be repeated in the next hour on another itv channel, but it was taken off the schedule because people were obviously so concerned by what they were watching. find obviously so concerned by what they were watching were watching. And of course rageh omaar is a well were watching. And of course rageh omaar Is A Well Respected were watching. And of course rageh omaar Is A Well Respected and omaar Is A Well Respected and celebrated journalist. Tell us a bit more about his career. He celebrated journalist. Tell us a bit more about his career. More about his career. He is probably more about his career. He is probably one more about his career. He is probably one of more about his career. He is probably one of the more about his career. He is probably one of the best more about his career. He is i probably one of the best known journalist here in the uk. Youre someone that most people would recognise. He started his career at the bbc and famously reported from iraq in 2003, one of the few western journalists at the time to be in iraq. He also reported from afghanistan, was in kabul. He then went to aljazeera and then to idv and became Foreign Affairs editor. He also presents the programme, so a really well known and well respected journalist here in britain. Really wellknown and well respected journalist here in britain. Journalist here in britain. Thank ou ve journalist here in britain. Thank you very much. Journalist here in britain. Thank you very much, charlotte journalist here in britain. Thank you very much, Charlotte Gallagher. Lets turn to the us. Pro palestinian protests are continuing at major universities. Several have called police in, leading to hundreds of arrests. At Columbia University in new york, the centre of the demonstrations, a Student Leader has been barred from the campus over comments he previously made. At the same time, columbias senate, which makes decisions on behalf of students and teachers, has voted to investigate how the universitys leadership handled the protests. Nomia iqbal reports from new york. Another day and another encampment has cropped up in the us. In this part of new york students camped outside the city college. We should make sure that the Administration Knows that we will not back down. Sarah is palestinian american. Students here and faculty here are not scared of anything. Theyre willing to risk their careers. Risk their schools, their personal lives. They know that there is a risk of arrest. They know there is a risk of suspension. But theyre willing to stand here and risk it all for palestine and for divestment. Sergei once studied here. I came here out of curiosity. He describes himself as very pro israel. I do find it unfair that certain groups are allowed to occupy public space, block peoples access to those spaces. I do find it offensive when my people are accused of genocide, when we defend ourselves. But at the same time, i do recognise freedom of speech, freedom of assembly. This protest is peaceful. Though as the crowds grow, so does the police presence. Tensions between officers and students have led to an escalation across many parts of america. From georgia to texas. You are under arrest l for criminal trespasss. To ohio and california, there have been hundreds of arrests with students accused of trespassing. The protests were started here by Columbia University students more than a week ago. Tensions have been fraught between those who are pro palestinian and those who are pro israeli, both accusing each other of hate speech. One student has since apologised for prior remarks saying zionists dont deserve to live. Khymanijames has now been barred from the protest site. Its much calmer here today at Columbia University, but the students in the encampment behind me arent budging on their demands. They and other students who are protesting across the country are calling on their universities to essentially cut economic and academic ties with israeli institutions. All of our demands have to be achieved in orderfor us to leave the encampment. Were asking for financial transparency. Were asking for cops off campus. Were asking for amnesty for all students that have faced disciplinary charges or have been suspended or arrested. Tally is one of those students. I think it was veryjarring to be placed in zip ties and held for that long. But i will also say as kind of frustrating and angry and scary as it was, i was also very proud to be standing in solidarity with my peers. American campuses have long been political battlegrounds. The October 7th Attacks in israel are the latest flashpoint, with many universities struggling to rein in the turmoil. Nomia iqbal, bbc news, new york. The Security Services in iraq have launched an investigation into the killing of a well known tiktok influencer, 0m fahad, outside her home in baghdad. Video circulating social media purportedly shows a Gunman Opening Fire before fleeing on a motorbike. For more lets go to our Arab Affairs Editor sebastian usher. Tell us what happened and how 0m fahad is believed to have been killed. figs fahad is believed to have been killed. ~ , i. Fahad is believed to have been killed. A. ,. , fahad is believed to have been killed. ~ ,. ,. , fahad is believed to have been killed. A. ,. , killed. As you say, a video has been ut out b killed. As you say, a video has been out out by iraqi killed. As you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new killed. As you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new stations killed. As you say, a video has been put out by iraqi new stations and. Put out by iraqi new stations and social media, and it contains a0 seconds of footage where you see a man coming on a motorbike. He puts it behind a wall, gets off and runs towards a black axa vehicle. He opens the passenger door, you see a white flash which would be consistent with a gunshot. He then moves away from the car and runs back to the motorbike, and he makes his getaway. It all happens in about 30 seconds. Inside the car, and there are distressing pictures that have been published also online, was 0m fahad. She was killed, and someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded. find someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded. Someone who was with her, another woman, was wounded. And 0m fahad had nearl halfa woman, was wounded. And 0m fahad had nearly half a million woman, was wounded. And 0m fahad had nearly half a million followers woman, was wounded. And 0m fahad had nearly half a million followers on nearly half a million followers on tick tock. Popular, but not everyone was supportive of her content to . On tiktok. Was supportive of her content to . On tiktok. ,. , was supportive of her content to . On tiktok. ,. , ,. , was supportive of her content to . On tiktok. ,. , i. ,. , on tiktok. Yes, many young people icture on tiktok. Yes, many young people picture themselves on tiktok. Yes, many young people picture themselves dancing on tiktok. Yes, many young people picture themselves dancing and picture themselves dancing and having fun, and they attract a more sensorial following. Having fun, and they attract a more sensorialfollowing. She is a mother, a 30 year old mother, and this was that her sons better in which she is seen dancing. She was then taken to court. When she was released, she said she didnt really understand why she has been sentenced. She said the judge understand why she has been sentenced. She said thejudge made referen