Prove that science is nearby. By the way, ekaterina beretskaya, hello, and do not miss the program. From a primitive semaphorebased device to a modern automated control system, lets traditionally start with the history of the issue of red yellow and green. Why the choice fell on these colors and the green wave at rush hour, they are the conductors of traffic flows. The first traffic light in history was installed over 150 years ago. But where and how he looked, i will tell you more directly. Now the first traffic light installed in london near the British Parliament building designed by john peak. Knight took as a basis the Railway Semaphore device, it turned out to be a primitive tower type with two semaphore arrows controlled manually. True, even then, with the onset of darkness, the apparatus was illuminated with the help of a gas lantern common for that era. By the way, it was his explosion that led to the fact that the tower was dismantled and not used for about fifty years at the beginning of the 20th century. In fact, a new stage in the history of traffic lights begins, they were automated, then replaced the semaphore wings with light signals and connected the device. In 1920, in detroit and new york, the tricolor traffic lights already familiar to all of us were installed in the twentysecond year. The traffic light reached paris and in the soviet union the first traffic light was installed. Don. At the same time, those traffic lights worked on the principle of a mechanical clock. But the arrow did not point to time, but to a colored field, however, it was precisely the change that soon came with the socalled electric lights with vertical arrangement of lamps, but with one nuance, the arrangement of flowers. In this design , green came first upside down, then yellow and lower red, everything fell into place we are used to today in the fiftyninth year of the last century , when a large country joined the International Convention on road traffic. Well, the first electronic Traffic Controller in our country appeared in minsk in 1938. At the crossroads of kirov and bobruisk streets with the history of the issue figured out, its time to figure it out. Why do traffic lights shine on us it is red, yellow and green, and not , for example, blue or purple. According to what principle electronic Traffic Controllers are installed on the roads of our country and who exactly controls everything in order, our correspondents are already ready to tell. The reasons for which for the work of the road automatic adjuster were chosen precisely the colors familiar to our eyes in the air, the intensity of the plants is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, therefore, the smaller the wavelength, the less this color should be scattered on greater distance. He sees, if taken from red to green, the wavelength decreases. Red is the longest wavelength. This is about 670700 nanometers. Yellow this is somewhere in our area, it turns out 580 there. This means that the green maximum sensitivity of nanometers is 550 per meter. That is why in bad weather, for example, rain or fog, the prohibition signal will be visible farthest, in addition, explain the choice of data colors. It is possible even from a psychological point of view. Its all about associations red is a danger to us, and green is the opposite. Means peace and tranquility. If we talk about the installation of traffic lights, it all depends on the analysis of the flow of traffic and pedestrians at the intersection. The principles of Traffic Organization and design of traffic light objects, described in the technical regulatory documentation , the construction of a traffic light object is carried out in accordance with the technical requirements issued by the operating organization, which will subsequently carry out maintenance, repairs, and operation of the traffic light object. Its in the city of minsk aa, utilities unitary enterprise, specializedinstallation operational mines of the mountain with a colonel. Employees of this enterprise work with the Traffic Police and at the Central Control point of traffic, in short, the soup is here and responsible, so to speak, conducting traffic flows. And monitoring the state of the traffic situation in the city of minsk, this control is carried out both through Video Surveillance equipment and interactive maps, if necessary, we carry out e, interference with the operation of traffic lights. Somewhere we increase the green signal burning time for any direction of movement. Soup also monitor the status of traffic lights in real time. And if any traffic light comes out of the builtin on the screen of the dispatcher, a red circle lights up, and we can also receive information, both about the employees of the state traffic inspectorate, and from citizens by phone or by appeal, including through the 115 bell electronic portal upon receipt applications of a specialist are evaluated what is the malfunction of the traffic light object and submit an application for elimination . Accepted pioneer figure is not working traffic light. Naya, and if now, when traffic lights have become electronic, typical breakdowns are associated with software, errors, power problems or radio equipment failures, then earlier problems were reduced to wear of contacts and lamps, by the way, it was the shape of incandescent lamps with round, glass, flasks that were installed inside each section of the road assistant influenced the widespread use of the round shape familiar to us traffic light. Science project is on air today we are studying traffic lights. And what else are we talking about . When auto traffic about scientific developments for the benefit of our security becomes the object of research, will we talk with a guest in the studio . Emphasis on the comfort of road users and on the environment and another experiment of the science project nearby , the correspondents of the program spent several hours as part of a repair team. If we want to benefit from the merger of our companies, the business must remain a family business. We must become one new family. You me understand . Look, i called the miller, its my dads lawyer, and i wanted to talk to him about the will. So he does not pick up the phone in which other people work. Get upset there, i really didnt insist that the classes take place here, i understand how difficult it is for you, as far as i can tell, the permission is drawn up correctly. And as i thought. With mom, the laws are the heiress, if you and dasha immediately get out of our house and our life, then you will receive a decent content. Well, if not, then you will deliver it gives me great pleasure to bring this case to court. Watch the series sister by inheritance this weekend on belarus 24 tv channel childrens curiosity is sincerely interesting to you in life, something was given by pull. Do you believe in anyone in our modern world, does your recognition give you any privileges of absolutely honesty and genuine emotions of childrens heroes, you will never deceive aah, she may be unanswered at the moment when i stop feeling love, well, that is, this will be the moment of my my the end of a talk show in which famous people answer tricky questions from children. Why did we disappear with aleksey for me, social networks disappeared for you easily with your children easily with them up to 12 years old. So, when the eldest daughter turned 12 or immediately it became very difficult. Watch the project 100 questions for an adult on belarus 24 tv channel. About how traffic light modes depend on traffic. We found out, and thats how this traffic should be. What scientific developments in this area do our scientists have, we will ask right now our guest evgeniy nikolayevich hello ekaterina evgeniy nikolayevich, i propose to start by clarifying the garden according to the terminology in our topic. Yes , because it is found in various sources, in addition to a traffic light, for example, a traffic light object, and a traffic light system is a traffic light control system. Here, to make it clear and accessible, so that no one confuses the traffic light this is all familiar to all of us, all this signaling device that we are used to seeing on our streets, roads, either threecolor for drivers, or twocolor for pedestrians. That is traffic lights. We have 9 types of transport are legally defined, two types of pedestrian traffic lights, but they all comply with the road convention as a signal, because belarus signed the convention at the time, therefore, moving to other countries, european, at least a large number of you see those we are traffic lights similar, these are just the means of our convention on signal signs, to which we also, respectively, a traffic light object. This concept is more complex, it is already more professional. That is, it is just a system or a set of equipment that allows to ensure the correct coordinated operation of traffic lights at a crossroads or a descriptive crossing there, as a rule, not a single traffic light is very rare, where there is one traffic light this may be a customs terminal at the border crossing. And so, as a rule, we have several traffic lights , even a few dozen on a section of the road network, where traffic is regulated so that they work in concert and there are no overlaps. God forbid two greens turned on in the opposite direction, the time is calculated for each of the signals. This a complex of equipment, which is called a traffic light object and the center is a traffic light control device, which is called a Traffic Controller. All traffic lights are connected to it. There, for this , a large cable Industry Needs devices to put traffic lights. Thats right, as it should be , all this is just everything, here it is a complex. The controversial object of traffic lights in belarus is almost 2,600, and traffic lights, if you count everything traffic lights, well, no one most likely counted them, well, about estimates are about 38. 000 wow, therefore, as a rule, when in the everyday sense we talk about that we drove up to the next traffic light, this is a traffic light. But if when the number is counted, then the number of traffic light objects is correctly counted by the number of traffic light objects , of course, the capital is in the lead here 870 of these objects. Well, then pissed cities, everything is together there. They also give the same figure, and in total, we have a traffic light regulation used in ninetythree settlements, and in recent years it has begun to be used actively, including outside urban settlements, committed to the area of minsk, this us rural, settlements are considered there are many traffic lights and pedestrian crossings and some intersections on motor roads have begun to be regulated traffic light is also a traffic light control system road controller and all traffic lights the object is the control system of the first level is minimum. If we need to ensure the coordinated operation of several traffic lights for this already. A control system is being built over a highlevel system is called the acs of an automated Traffic Control system, and then they ensure the operation of traffic light objects in an agreed mode, for example, the green wave, or some other modes. For this , a higherlevel system is already needed, including in minsk we have the largest such systems in all regional cities in bobruisk, and they already said about the green wave as a leader. Lets tell you how it happens and there is still such a concept, again, but zelenaya street read it in different concepts. Yes this is green street this is a special regime that is used when it is necessary to ensure the passage of a delegation of some kind. That is, then turn on green because the direction in which the delegation is moving tells everyone else a red signal, then the time until the escorted column passes, and the green wave is when such a mode of movement of vehicles is provided that arrive at the next traffic light object on green no stop signal no additional stops. Less delay less will stop less. Resources, accordingly, the traffic mode is Getting Better , we try to do it wherever possible, where the green wave is obtained, but here we have big planning restrictions, first of all, if the crossroads or write to the crossings are located at small distances, or at different distances. Green wave, ideal does not work in two directions. It turns out perfect, if everything is in advance, it is thought out at the design stage. Here are such examples, including some, when it turned out that it is ideal in both directions, that is, for speed 4050 km h is calculated and it turns out to be almost ideal for all directions. And so, if in real conditions it is necessary to adjust according to the time of day where there is more flow to that flow, we give a green wave in that direction, for example, in the morning to the center on our radial streets, and in the evening more fat wave is better, we better provide in the direction that leaves the center. Yes , respectively, the oncoming flow is obtained. Well , sometimes it turns out not at all green waves , the traffic light turns on. By science. Food like us as we take out, i studied your scientific biography a little, lets say. Here i was interested in the monograph coordinated traffic management. Eh, one of the authors. Thats just the construction of the green wave. How to build it . How can it be done . What parameters are needed for this . What initial data is needed to make it good. You came up with a diagram, this is just an example. Thats an example. What is the name of the graphical representation of this green wave tape well, the socalled nonstop movement, if the car is moving in this direction. Yes, it will run nonstop. If he hits at a different time, drives at a different speed, he will arrive anyway he is waiting for his group of cars, which drove calmly, if he drives faster, and those who drive evenly will pass the green signal on the second to the next intersections in order to calculate all this, that is, you probably take into account the intensity of the flow. Yes, of course, the time of day is correctly oxidized cooperation, we live according to the cec why, therefore, the intensity it also depends on us, what else is the composition of the traffic flow of the speed of movement, it changes all the time, the more. Density, it turns out the speed drops, or vice versa, the free mode of movement, but as a rule, the green wave is good, it turns out in urban conditions at a speed of about 404550 m s. You dont have to go faster if you go faster and catch all the reds. That is, not 60, but 60 this is if you go, 60, maybe one or two pass, and on the next you stop, and the one who will go 50, where there is green, she works, she will pass. All i do sometimes i drive along independence avenue , entering from the side of the hand, and i get to surganov street not a single stop, of course you know, i also taught this. You have another monograph, as far as i know, well, you are again one of the authors. Yes, thats the definition of traffic loss. Here is the concept of loss. Well, you know right away some of them. Well, not very good pictures. Ah, loss. Uh, this means there is an accident, that is, some kind of the term was introduced by the founder of the movement in belarus, andreevich was cut down in the eighties of the last century. This is our tata polytechnic institute. Now the university. Well, we develop it further with us. Well, there were and so on. He led this concept, which means that it is a cost. That is, the costs in the process of moving above some optimal level. Well, for example, we have a delay, it seems, now the delay costs conditionally 15 rubles. One car stop costs, for example, 25 kopecks. Kilometers, overrun also cost some money. Here we are we just consider all these natural indicators for variants. Well, lets recalculate their cost. And here we compare with the optimal level. It is this difference that will be called losses, so this name turned out. That is, it must be explained, but it has already developed like this. We are used to it, but for a fresh ear, eyes. Yes, probably, it really needs to be explained. We have four types, then in the methodology. This technique is used to assess the quality of movement. The less loss, the better. This is what it means, it has four components economic losses, i. E. Stop delays fuel consumption overruns environmental losses. Are you including vibration emissions . The loss of accidents is something that we know the most , as we just according to our estimates, it turns out that if we count the losses of road accidents, they make up about 78 of the total amount of road traffic losses. They are the largest they are the most we see and know them best, the rest is distributed to everyone, that is, when we calculated it according to the lowest estimates. Its billions billions per year, according to estimates in the russian federation, where it has already reached a higher standard level, they have losses from accidents. Only emergency loss up to 2 . Wow, so now, if they are reduced by at least half, then 1 of gdp will be obtained , including the fourth component of social loss, which is still the most undeveloped, but here is the human factor and the relationship of traffic participants with each other with the inspector, that is, unnecessary emotions negative other. We are also trying to learn this here, while we are at the development stage. Money. We havent been able to recalculate this yet. Why do we recalculate the money so that, for example, economic environmental accidental losses can be compared between you needed a single base. This base was just accepted, while the monetary one, and then we use it to evaluate options, and in this case it very often turns out where the emergency losses were lower. All the left sections of the traffic lights were safely set. All divorced conflicts. There are sharp increases in economic environmental policies, because delays increase ecology, accordingly, it also worsens, so you need to compare the options, calculate one second , compare with each other and then understand the solution which one needs to implement generally outweighs safety, but in some cases , you have probably also heard the installation of artificial bumps. You know what people already are themselves and even without our calculations. In some cases, they begin to protest writing, they complain about the unevenness, for which , in order for the speed to be less fate is higher than safety, the departed noise worsens the environment if it is their individual building people. They already feel it themselves, they begin to complain, that is, therefore, it is always necessary to compare different types of losses and make a decision, of course. With some additional additions. There may be factors, but this level of assessment needs to be obtained, and when we calculated, just by artificial comparison of irregularities with traffic lights on the streets, where we have 300 cars per hour passing in one direction , it is cheaper to put the unevenness, but after 3 years of delay and stop at a traffic light object will be less than on this bump, when the car should already and there already in total the losses will be worse, therefore , the unevenness of the place, but in my opinion. This is exactly in the yards on those streets where the speed is 20 km h. Thats where they work well. There they support the street mains to endure. And why do they put them cheaper than traffic light objects . The cost of a traffic light object is not very cheap. And the largest objects of the crossroads are large, that is, up to 300,500. 000 costs. Build such a stop object, therefore , saves the starting part, but then heres how once the loss of traffic on bumps is much greater and overlap what would be with the traffic light adjustment the last question. Perhaps philosophically, every year there are more socalled ecotransport on the roads. Yes, these are electric cars , these are bicycles, and an electric scooter is on wheels, again, gynecology, of course, is probably much better than ordinary familiar transport. Yes, as for the principles of Traffic Organization in general , it has become more difficult to analyze all this and draw some conclusions, and maybe, in general cars will soon have to be redone, if , from the point of view of organization, they also do not require radical changes as a mechanical vehicle that they drive on the roadway, it should be taken into account that there will be less noise, there will be less environmental losses from emissions, including, but that less noise, they are worse overhead, that is, there is a danger that they are not visible in the yard, for example, in which one you drive up you wont hear it, thats all, but, in principle, electric cars, if especially if the electricity for them will be produced on clean sources, it is better for the environment in traffic always, but in general will be better. But as for low mobility, it means that here we have already encountered problems, which obviously requires the socalled, as i call it, intermediate infrastructure, that is, they need to drive on the roadway. It is dangerous for them to ride sidewalks dangerous for pedestrians. They need an intermediate one. And here is cycling. When in 2006 in belarus we were moving from the roadway to the sidewalk, then it was much less and just in case, according to estimates , about 700 cyclists have not died over the years, because they were removed from the roadway, but now their number is to be increased. And now, especially taking into account the means of personal mobility, it became bad, they write in a move. That is, here i see that here we have issues with the organization of the movement. Well, including with the regulatory and traffic rules. It will be necessary to supplement and correct that there is already the experience of countries in paris, for example, micromobility has already been banned from them in general, because there are a lot of of these injuries on the sidewalks with pedestrians were obtained, that is, because this is a very special group of traffic participants. They are already at high speeds, and the drivers training is teaching pedestrians to walk slowly conventionally, but here they can already go fast. And at the same time, preparation is something, well, each to his own , lets say this, therefore, here i see that we will still have questions on micro mobility. It will be necessary to adjust, including regulatory approaches and our technical ones. Nikolaevich thank you i wish you good luck it was really very interesting, but right now on the air of another experiment of correspondents of the science project nearby, this time my colleagues wondered who and how repairs traffic lights every week, the heroes of the project go in search of adventure, dont be surprised, but the next task brought me here to the thicket. They dont even realize. Where will their fate take them this time. Today you are going to osipovich, mogilev region. Imagine how historical this city is for the first time in written sources. It is mentioned on february 25, 1593 along with them and we follow interesting places and the sights of belarus were located. The height from which a stunning view opens is where the two rivers svisloch and berezina merge this is gods chair. And it grants wishes. Someone sees on the stone. The face of the mother of god with the baby, and someone cross, watch the program stone, paper scissors on our tv channel. Significance of belarus the geopolitical significance of belarus greatly exceeds the scale of our country and its resource potential. Here i liked immediately the president that we are 30 years old. Live in a peaceful, peaceful independent belarus , thanks to the fact that every day we prepare for war, war does not forgive. Weakness war does not forgive unwillingness we are peaceful people these are the first lines of our National Anthem no one believes in the possibility of war. And why are the poles progressively increasing their military spending, we understand that if we dont finish it here now, then our children will have to finish it Nuclear Weapons a means of ensuring our security a means of deterring those madmen who would like to repeat the fortyfirst year of the markov project nothing personal only the truth, which is always more interesting at home. Watch on tv channel belarus 24. The first signal about the termination of the work of the road assistant in a given mode is seen within these walls, and specifically, the dispatcher of the Central Control point, the reaction , instant information about the malfunctions is transmitted to the nearest crew on duty. An emergency brigade is leaving, staffed with experienced electricians, engineering and technical workers. The brigade is equipped in accordance with all safety rules, for example, an electrician without a helmet of a bright vest and a safety cable will not even approach the object directly, that is, the traffic light. After arrival, the obvious identified defective one is eliminated, and a set of measures is also taken this testing of the equipment is checked for the correct switching of signals prohibiting to allowing and from allowing to prohibiting these works are carried out directly inside the road controller the road controller is checked its operating mode is checked yellow blinking mode, then the mode is turned on all around red and it is checked how the object works and then it is included in the program and the switching of signals looks like it switches how it works at the busiest intersections of the city during the work of the Emergency Team , Traffic Police officers come to the rescue the time of the socalled two scheduled traffic light outages. The most important thing is that it is necessary to check pedestrians so that they work properly, so that a pedestrian can pass them with us. With sound, talking traffic lights or according to a scientific device with a speech informant , they are primarily aimed at pedestrians who have vision problems. An additional function is the risk of additional problems, however, as experts say, these risks have already been studied, despite the fact that such traffic lights are still in test mode. Well, as it turned out, in the area of responsibility of employees, a specialized installation and operating company, abbreviated smp is not only traffic lights daily for servicing the technical means of the organization road traffic these are road signs road barriers traffic lights for objects road controllers detection means work for at least 20x staffed by experienced road electricians. And once, when it all started back in the distant seventyfourth, they say at the enterprise there were just a little more than 30 people in the state, but the volume of work was smiling. Much more modest over the years, only road signs in the capital have increased by 25 times. Today there are almost 90,000 of them, and there are more than 70080 traffic light objects against some 65 more in the mid seventies of the last century