Safe and effective According to the report published in the journal News Medical and Life Sciences, microneedles provide a safe and effective method to deliver vaccines with added attributes of requiring lower vaccine doses, permitting low-cost manufacturing. A microneedle delivery patch is easy to apply and minimally invasive. The researchers believe that their device would help enable a personalised vaccination approach. Dr Sanjiv Sharma, Project Lead, Swansea University, said in a statement: “Measuring vaccine efficacy is extremely important as it indicates the protective effects of vaccination on an individual via the level of reduction of infection risk in a vaccinated person relative to that of a susceptible, unvaccinated individual. This measure of vaccination effectiveness will address an unmet clinical need and provide an innovative approach to vaccine development.”