Soon turning off the lights will be as easy as flipping a switch. Household items are the least important parts. Theres the future to allocate resources more efficiently. Are two principal challenges which were going to talk about. The network. Hatever structured we need it may need ubiquitous coverage but they dont need to send video to each other. How do we secure that network . It is one thing for terrorist and know i need more ice cream but another when youre talking about yourself driving car or the electrical grid. We have a great panel to discuss these issues. Will go to discussion. Ralph is the Vice President at joined from the fcc where he guided u. S. Wireless broadband policy, and before that he shaped medications policy at the White House Office management in budget. Relations,overnment she is responsible for promoting the Company Vision to provide next generation connectivity. She is a former capitol hill staffer who worked with chris dodd and the election of barack obama and tom dashiell. He briefly say served as chief economist to the fcc, his Current Research includes public broadband policy and markets. Filesharing and net neutrality. Issa represent people of californias 49th Congressional District in the u. S. House of representatives. His Committee Memberships include the house judiciary where he served as chairman of the subcommittee on the internet and hedell been a speaks to these issues not just as a representative of his district but a practitioner. He holds 37 patents. During that time he served as chairman of the Consumer Electronics association. Young is Vice President for Public Policy of verizon for ,e identifies emerging issues and assessing Key Technology and communication trends. He offers practical experience. He worked at verizons r D Technologies ip, and image compression, and he has 10 patents. Hes a member of the comedic asian society. 27 more to go. David. I can talk a lot faster than this if you want me to. So, lets get started. I gave a quick definition of the ot. Maybe you can expand on that a little bit. What do we mean . It is a pleasure to be here with the congressman and my esteemed colleagues. Thank you for scheduling this panel. It makes iot seem like petty minutia. But, i do have a quibble with the agenda. You have put iot after ai. I think the connected devices that are part of iot are input to the applications that we think about when we think about ai. That term, the narrow definition, not the super intelligence that will rule us all, but the narrow verticals of applications and transportation, and health care. A number of other segments of the economy. The answer to your question is, iot is everything that is connected. We can break that into smaller categories. Enterprise versus consumer. Maybe to set the stage it is useful to talk about aspects of why it is interesting. It is growing a lot. You look at the analyst forecast, analysts are never wrong. The forecast is two times growth over the next five years, probably likely more than that. They differ on where we are starting from. By some counts were at there are a lot and it is poised to grow more. There is some skepticism around that, as it is all just type. I think there are organic trends that are driving everything that could be connected, eventually becoming connected. Driving down the costs and up the capability of devices. That is generating a lot more to produce data. We have analytics to make use of that data. We have a Network Bandwidth that is making more room for connected devices. There are signs pointing in the direction of growth. We heard a lot of that on a prior panel, in terms of the application that could make use of all the state of. Saving lives all this data. Saving lives, increasing productivity. If you get into what is the next layer below all of these trends, there are challenges. Insurmountable, but things are a little more complicated than they might appear. Some of the challenges are technologybased. A big one is power consumption. As we think about billions of devices out there, a good number of them are not going to be plugged into the grid all the time. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] theyre going to need Battery Power of some sort or the ability to generate their own power. There is some tradeoff with their ability to communicate and their Energy Consumption that will drive certain considerations in terms of the architecture going forward. There is potential tradeoffs with how you program these devices. They will be out in the wild for five or 10 years. Have you can some updated how do you keep them updated . There are some challenges in the market. Not all devices can talk to each other. You have some ecosystems that you need to pick as a consumer before you really take advantage of some of these technological advances. There are issues of Consumer Trust in devices. There are other challenges out there. Twottwo out better i put out that are most relevant for this room because there are horizontal challenges. Those are spectrum and security. As you have billions of more devices come online, we need resources to make sure they can perform their function. We need to make sure as the number of devices gross, we do not see the grows, we do not see the number of attacks grow. Yorty have something to say, so go ahead. You already have something to say so go ahead. I am done. I am going to jump in here. Rob knows this stuff more than i do. In fact, im at the opposite end of the spectrum. Some months ago, he called me up and said how would you like to give a paper on cyber security, and i said i do not know a dam thingabout the a damn about that. I said i do not even have these things in my house. I do not have a smart refrigerator. I said, wait a minute, i have a smart tv. I thought, i had to connect this to my wifi so it is on the internet and it is a thing. Ok, i do not have to worry about it too much. And then i was reading something it is a samsung. The samsung tvs have these things where you can gesture at it. Or you can speak to it. Yes, you can speak to it and it will follow your commands. Ok, i then read it also sends that to a thirdparty. Hears, incenset to a third party for analysis it sends to a third party for analysis. It also have a camera so you can gesture to it. You dont not have to use a remote, you can make signs and stuff. They also sent that to a third that to at also sends third party. Here is the kicker. The tv is in our bedroom. [laughter] all of a sudden the internet it kind of hits home. Occasionally, my wife and i have to move the tv out of the bedroom. That is what the internet of things is. That is kind of the other side of what rob was discussing. That is what it means in practice and reality. [laughter] that is on youtube, right . Ok. That is all i wanted to say. Privacy and security. Obviously a big deal. The also raises questions of the best part of what this infrastructure is all about. In this case, apparently we need lots of and with 4 bandwidth for video streaming. Ashley, has your companys think about what the demand for this will be how do your Companies Think about the demand for this in the future . What is the investment for the internet of things . Thank you for the opportunity to join this panel. When you think about the internet of things, you usually think about the device itself. But it is really a system that is made up of different parts. The device is an important part, but another important part is the network that connects that device to the internet or the thirdnd systems and the parts that are important are the back end systems where the data is collected, with analytics take place, where the control of the system occurs. Those three pieces are all very important. On the network side, there is no onesizefitsall. Streaming andideo 5g. Connections are going to be incredibly powerful for internet of things and the low latency of five g are going to be extremely enabling. But that is not the only requirement, because not all internet of things applications require very high bandwidth, upstream or downstream, or very low latency. Ofll see a Diversity Solutions for connecting these devices. For some, your broadband connection with wifi will be perfectly adequate. For others, you will want it to work anywhere you go so you will want a very widely deployed lte that isike m1 specifically designed for internet of things. One of the things that makes it well suited for connecting devices is that it allows for very lowpower operation. Rob mentioned the importance of that. It also does not deliver the very high bandwidth. Applications, that is not the most important thing. For older ubiquitous connectivity, you may look to satellite. I agree with everything david just said. Just to bring up to a higher level, when legato and we think about what do you need from what . Pun . Tjat ahat a [laughter] the key is spectrum. They all have different characteristics. Of the the networks future are going to require each of those in a mix of those in order to provide and serve the diversity of applications that the iot will result in. We are focused on the enterprise side of the equation, was role require ultrapetrol which will require ultra reliability and coverage. Which satellite does provide. We are also strong believers in being tech neutral. A allould either ll different applications could benefit from all those technologies. Some of the missioncritical things will require the satellite for coverage for basic connectivity and then the ground systems come in for the lower bandwidth applications. Modest talk about the policy aspects of it. Congressman, this is probably a good place for you to weigh in. What do you see as the biggest policy impediments to develo ping an internet of things, and what his congresss role . The interesting thing for policy individuals is we have to unwind the bad decisions of past policy decision. Thatnot a small is not intended to be a joke line. It is very sincere. When you look at how we have sold it and make decisions. I will not name names but earlier there was a discussion about how did we come up with the wifi, which today is the clear backbone of so many internet of things, including the switches that your wife continues to be confronted with. Junk spectrumly nobody wanted that they could throw for useless things. I should not the useless, because Baby Monitors were considered, yes, the baby would cry and you would. In the next room on this well powered device. It was sort of your placement for the other junk stuff. Gh 32d these other althou megabits is suddenly in again. You look at this history and say, ok, if you are going to start again and if i could put everyone in this room with their agendas, i would say what works for people were not in the room, which is your wife, the consumer. And you would say, ok, what do we need to do. The first thing is to recognize the technology of today is no longer and with bandwidth can find. Meaning i make a product and it can do x amount of bandwidth with an antenna. These products that can listen before talking, that can operate in very diverse ways with very consumptionser means you can have devices that are better than they once were. Where do you see it . Do you see a wifi where the newest wifi is finally a mesh network that is somewhat intelligent and covers all the available band and uses a third band so it is not trying to actually make the decision about what you are doing on a band that was in fact junk band but rather went to one that troubles further than the cells . So when the cells cannot talk to each other, the devices in the mesh network can. Those are succeeding in spite of, if you will, history. Let me quickly go through two things. I promised everybody that i was going to comment on this being an Artificial Intelligence device. The switch that you are talking about, that you are putting in is inur lighting system fact in many ways a shovel because you can push on the button and it turns on and off. It is ae horse becuasause little smarter when you hook it to your iphone, and it is even a little smarter, welltrained, may be a welltrained dog when you tell alexa you want to turn the lights on at 15 on red, if you have that feature. It is not yet we are not yet talking about Artificial Intelligence. Artificial intelligence is clearly that next step where it continues to think and learn and get smarter than anyone director of than any one director of it. None of it particularly needs government involvement, which is a good thing. You will innovate out without us. Let me bring you back to two closing items. When i was a young lad, there were three things that came to my house. I am one of six children, so we always debated which when i was related to. A post man, a milkman, and a bread man in the each delivered to the house. The milkman and the bread man are gone today. That does not exist, although amazon has sort of replaced it. The fact is that at one time, the government made a decision that there is a universal delivery obligation. In other words, there was a service that was there essentially the service was free even if you paid for usage, and we made sure it hits every point on the planet. Is trying tornment decide about this essential new service, have we fallen short in three areas . 100 coverage of our entire co untry, even when it is inconvenient, as the post office does. Real standard setting by government or private enterprise for true universal lowpower midpower. And obviously the question of dietary highpower. Proprietary highpower. That is receive a question of are we there. Have we really done that . I will close even though i said i will already close with, then we get into cyber. That is bigger than the today. Ion for obviously, we will all have to work on it and government does not have answers and the private sector does not yet have a perfect answer, but my view is that if you go back, not to the shovel but to the milkman and the bread guy and asked the question of, is there one universal guarantee to every point in america and if not, is that the governments primary role . Ensuring universal access, which is not done just by licensing. And has to be done by initiatives be on the. At. You have been thinking about the institutions thatdthat do d. Securityt for ito security. How does that relate to what you just said . It is me. Ok. [laughter] no one is going to count on the congressman to do it. [laughter] to you. Let me discuss the institutions issue in the concept of cyber security. The cybertion security issue associated with the internet of things. That has generally been perceived that the internet of things is a whole lot easier for hackers to put viruses on. They tend to be unprotected, nobody who has them like me is paying any attention to them, and, in fact, we have had at least two very serious attacks attributed to the services, one of which was last october. Dime, whichlled runs dns servers. Therefore, it took down a lot of people who use that dns server. Inther one at a company calle december. And thee new viruses, protection against them is very little. When rob asked me to do this, i sort of said i need to read about this. Broadbandabout internet technical. Also the department of Homeland Security saying what are the problems and how do we fix them. It was basically the technical aspects of how to protect against the internet of things, cyber security. Most recent think i have seen came from cablelabs, which goes a step beyond that and it is actually quite good. I would like for you to take a look at it. It was published this summer. They are simple stuff, ok . Hard to do. It is also focused on consumer goods, too. There are a lot of other internet of things. Use the best current software, at the security on the design phase. Simple. We designed the internet like that and we would have if we designed to the internet like that, we would have a different story. Automated security updates. Vulnerability management, unit . You know . Configuration testing. All of this stuff. Technical stuff and i said, thank god some of the allstate it because i do not know anything about this. I do know the big problem was how do we actually get this stuff in place. There is the institutional issue, ok . The industry we have here that makes this stuff you have to think about what this industry looks like. Those are the people who are doing the security. First of all, with hundreds of manufacturers making little computers but going refrigerators. Most of them are not in the united states. So they are going to be part of this story. , dozens of sellers who were selling refrigerators home alarm systems dozens of sellers who were selling refrigerators, home alarm systems, televisions. They are not even in the same industry. Most consumers do not know they have a computer in these things. At least with people who have pcs, you know you should download antivirus. But with a smart refrigerator, you do not know in you do not care. The last thing that makes this even worse is the real danger is somethingou will loop into your refrigerator and somebody will figure out how often you open the refrigerator door and, therefore, whether you are home or not. The real thing is watching attacks on other people. If you were one of the people who launched it, you do not even know it. The damages not for you. Damage. Is not for you how do you think damage is not for you. How do you fix that . You need customers to be involved. That is what you need. Couple of conclusions about this. Have i talked enough on this or should we do a little more . To add another question to at, many years ago i was on a panel where we were looking at software reliability. And always kept coming back to the question of connectivity versus reliability. Is very similar tradeoff. That the device can be is there a similar tradeoff. Here . Jerry mentioned to the report that came out of cablelabs. Debut can start off by answering that. And then i would like to hear from the network people, how they view that. You can go to cablelabs informed insights to check out our recommendations. In terms of your question, sco tt, if you think about iot narrowly, perhaps the answer is yes. A more open iot at the device level could lead to reductions in security. To davids points, that iot is much broader than the device systems in its applications. I do not really think at the level that it is important to consumers there is that tradeoff. Provide an to example, the lightbulb in your house does