Ok, this will get started as the coffee corner sorts itself out. Things is a wideranging term generally describing Computing Devices or machines connected to the internet and possibly to each other. Some are household products. Im slowly connecting all my lights to alexa. You have to do new things about worrying about your light bulbs updating your firmware which they have never had to do before. My wife is not happy with this, but i keep telling her it is Getting Better and better. Before you know it, turning on the lights of these easy as flipping a switch. [laughter] Household Items are probably the least important part. Enterprise in industrial uses have the potential to radically allocate resources more efficiently. There are two principal challenges we are all talking about. The first is the network. What kind of infrastructure do we need to facilitate a robust iot . Second, had a we secure the network . It is one thing for terrorists to know i need more ice cream. It is another when you talk about yourself driving car or the electrical grid. We have a great panel today and we will go to discussion. The Global Innovation and R D Consortium of the cable industry. He guided u. S. Wireless broadband policy is chief data officer. He shakes to mitigation policy at the White House Office of management and budget. Ashley dermer, Senior Vice President for the legato networks. She is responsible for promoting the companys vision to provide connection ration conductivity. Next generation conductivity is iot. She is a former capitol hill staffer there worked with chris dodd in the election of barack obama. Jerry faulhaber. He previously served as chief economist at the fcc. His Current Research includes wireless markets, public broadband policy in markets, Public Safety radio, file sharing, music copyright, Net Neutrality and iot security. The honorable terrell issa represents californias 49th district, kcet has held since two of one. These on the House Judiciary Committee where he served on a subcommittee for intellectual property and the internet, along with democratic congresswoman suzan delbene. He speaks to these issues not just as a representative of his district, but as a practitioner. He holds 37 patents, found that an Electronics Company and also served as chairman of the Consumer Electronics association. David young is Vice President for Public Policy at verizon where he identifies and assesses merging issues, developing corporate issues and assessing Key Technology instrumentation industry trends. He has practical experience in todays ectopic todays topic. He worked on Data Architecture and audiovideo compression. Hes a member of the ieee to mitigation society. Yes, i did a debate in high school. I can talk a lot faster than that if you want me to. Lets get started. A brief, quick definition of iot. Rob, maybe you can expand on that a little bit. With we mean when we talk about the internet of things . Thank you having me. Its a pleasure to be here with the congressman and his team of colleagues. Thank you for scheduling this power before the only the unique alignment of space and time that makes iot seem like miniature. I do have a quibble a little bit with the agenda. You put iot after ai. I think all the devices that we call iot are actually in input to the applications that we think about only think about ai. In that term i mean in the narrow definition, not the generalized super intelligence and will one day rule us all. The more narrow verticals of applications and the transportation sector and health care and a number of other sectors of the economy. The easy answer is iot is everything connected. We can break that down into smaller and smaller categories. Things like enterprise versus consumer. Maybe just to set the stage a little bit, is useful to talk about some aspects of why it is interesting. It is growing a lot. Thats a big reason we are talking about it. You look at analysts forecast coming out analysts are never wrong. The forecast is at least two times growth of the next five years. It is probably more than that. That growth estimates differ on where we are starting from. By some counts were at several billion already. Others have said 10 billion to 15 billion. There is a lot. It is poised to grow more. There is some skepticism around that. I think it is some organic trends that are driving things in the direction of everything that could be connected eventually becoming connected. Driving down the cost and upping the capability of devices generating a lot more things that produce data. We have advances and analytics to make use of that data. On the network we have ipv6, and then were best bandwidth making room for connected devices. I think there is something science pointing in the direction of growth. We just heard a lot about that in the prior panel in terms of the applications they can make use of this data. Saving lives, increasing productivity. I think when you start to get into, is this all hype . What is the next later below all these highlevel trends . There are challenges. Things are a little more complicated than it might appear at first. Some of the challenges our technologybased. The big one is power and power consumption. We think about billions of devices out there, a good number of them are not going to be plugged into the grid all the time. They will need Battery Power of some sort, or the ability to generate their own power. There is some tradeoff with their ability to communicate and her energy consumption. That will drive certain considerations in terms of the architecture of iot going forward. Potential tradeoffs of how you program these devices. They will be out in the wild for 510 years. Have you keep them updated . There are challenges in the market. Interoperability is one of the things we see right now. Not all devices can talk to each other. Proprietary ecosystems you need to take as a consumer before you can take advantage of some of these technological advances. There are issues of trust, consumer trust. There are other challenges. I put two out the most relevant for this room because i think of them as horizontal challenges that are enablers of not of iot and that is spectrum insecurity. As you have the ilions more devices coming online, we need Wireless Resources to make sure they can perform their function. And we need to make sure that as the number of devices grow, we dont see the number of attacks. I was that ask you a question but your you have something to say about it. I thought i would maybe jump in here. Rob knows this stuff better than i do. Im kind of at the opposite end of the spectrum. Some months ago he said how would you like to give a paper on Cyber Security and the internet of things . I dont know a damn thing about that. I did even have an internet of things in my house. I dont have a smart refrigerator. Wait a minute, i do have a smart tv. Most of us have smart tvs. I had a connect this to my wifi. Yep, its on the internet and it is a thing. Ok, i dont to worry about it too much. Then i was recently that said it is a samsung. Samsung to these have this thing where you can gesture at it. You can speak to it. It will follow your commands. I then read it also sense that to a thirdparty. Anything that it hears is sent to a third party for analysis. Ok. Now the next step is it also has a camera so you can gesture to it. So you dont have to use your remote. It also sense that to a thirdparty. Ok, now here is the kicker. The tv is in our bedroom. Ok. So all of a sudden the internet of things [laughter] the internet of things kind of hit home as you might suspect. What happens is occasionally i wife and i have to move the tv out of the bedroom. That is what the internet of things is. That is the other side of what rob was discussing. That is what it means in reality. We already know this from you tube. [laughter] it is on youtube, right . That is all i wanted to say. Scott privacy and security related privacy are a big deal. That also raises questions. The best part of what this infrastructure is all about. Apparently we need lots of bandwidth for video streaming from jerrys house. That is specifically designed for things. One of the things that makes them wellsuited for connecting thats not the only option and not the only requirement. Because not all internet of thing applications require a very high bandwidth upstream or downstream or low latency. You will see a diversity of networks in solutions for connecting these devices, for some Home Broadband will be perfectly adequate, but for others you will wanted to work anywhere you go, so you will want a widely deployed technology, like m1 lte, specifically designed for internet of things. One of the things that makes it wellsuited for connecting devices as it allows for lowpower operations. It also does not deliver the high bandwidth. For some applications that is not the most important thing. For ultra ubiquitous conductivity, you may look to satellite area. When we think about what you need really, the networks of the future are going to require each of those and a mix of those in order to provide and serve the diversity of applications that the iot will result in. We are focused on the enterprise side of the equation, which will require all for reliability, and ubiquitous coverage, which satellite does provide. We are also strong believers, as david mentioned, in being tech neutral. Historically, your Satellite Company your cell phone company, wifi, all different applications can benefit from a mix of those technologies. As far as the industrial internet of things, they will require the satellites for coverage for pervasive connectivity, and then for the ground assistance in the lower bandwidth applications. Lets talk about the policy aspect of it. What are you see as the biggest policy what do you see is the biggest policy impediments to developing an internet of things, and what is the role of congress, and how does your caucus work . As far as policy, we have to unwind the bad decisions of past policymakers. That is not intended to be a joke, that is very, very sincere. If you look at how we validated spectrum, how we sold it, how we made decisions i will not name names in the beginning, there were discussions about how to we come up with wifi, which is today the clear backbone of so many internet of things, including the switches your wife continues to be confronted with. I should not say useless, because Baby Monitors were considered yes, the baby will cry and you will be hearing it in the next room on this lowpower device. It was replacement for the other junk stuff, because we have cb and all of these others. But you look at this history, and say ok, if you were going to start again, and if i could put everybody in this room with their not so hidden agendas in a room and said ok, what works for the people who are not in the room, which is your wife, the consumer, and say, ok, what do we need to do . Recognize the technology of today is no longer bandwidth can find, meaning the idea of i make a product and it can do x amount of bandwidth with an antenna, that is very passe. There are broadband products that can listen before talking, operate in very diverse ways with very different power consumptions, that means you can have devices that are much better than they once were, except, of course, as where do you see the newest wifi a mesh network that is somewhat intelligent and covers all of the available bands and uses a third band so does not trying to make a decision about what you are doing on a band that was, in fact, a junk band, but one that troubles further than the cells, so that when the cells to not talk to each other, the devices in the mesh network can. Those are succeeding in spite of history, if you will. Let me go through two things. One, i talked to people and promised i would comment on the shovel being an artificial intelligent device, along with the horse. The switch in your system is, in many ways, a shovel, because you can push on the button and it turns on and off. It is the horse, because it is a little smarter when you hook it to your iphone, and even a little smarter, welltrained, maybe a welltrained dog when you tell alexa that you want to turn the lights on at 50 on red if you have that feature. We are not yet talking about Artificial Intelligence, where Artificial Intelligence is clearly that next step as it continues to think, learn, and get smarter than anyone director of it. All of it will be necessary, and none of it necessarily needs government involvement, which is a good thing. But let me bring you back to two closing items. When i was a young, young, young lad, three things came to our house. Three men came to our house. There was a postman, a milkman, and a bread man. The milkman and the bread man are gone today, even now amazon has sort of replaced it for both. One time, the government made the decision that there is a universal delivery obligation in other words, there was a service that was there, the service was free, even if you paid for usage, and we made sure it had every point on the planet. When the government is trying to decide about this essential news service, have we fallen short in three areas . One, 100 coverage of our entire country, even if it is inconvenient which the post office does. Two, real standards set for truly universal lowpower. And obviously, the question of proprietary high power, the classic license space. That is where we see the question of are we there . Have we really dont that . And then we get a new cyber into cyber and the questions of security. We will all have to work on it, and the government does not have answers and that it is the private sector. But if you go back to not the shovel but the milkman, mailman, bright guy bread guy, and ask is there one universal guarantee to every point in america, and if not, is that the governments primary role . Ensuring universal access, which is not done just by licensing space . It has to be done by initiatives beyond that. You are speaking about institutions that do and do not exist for host iot and iot security. How does this play into that . I can talk about online do not policy, but nobodys going to count on a congressman to do that. Let me discuss the institutions issue. Let me mention first of all, the Cyber Security issue we have hundreds of manufacturers making little computers that go on refrigerators. They have to be part of the story. Report with the department of Homeland Security saying one of the problems and how do we fix them . It was basically, the technical aspects of how to protect against the internet of things Cyber Security. The most recent thing i heard was from cablelabs that was quite good, there is simple stuff. It is also focused on consumer goods, there are lots of other internet of things that are commercial. Use the best current software, put security on the design face. If we designed the internet like that we would have a different story. Automated secure updates. Vulnerability management. Configuration, all this kind of stuff, technical stuff. I thought, thank god some of the ulster this. But the big problem is how do we get the stuff in place . There is the institutional issue. Have, you have to think about what this industry looks like because those are the people that will do the security. We have hundreds of manufacturers making little computers that go on refrigerators. Most of them arent in the united states. They have to be part of the story. Dozens of sellers who are selling refrigerators, alarm systems, there are a whole bunch of different industries. Millions of consumers, most of whom do not know they have a computer. At least with people who have pcs, you know you should download and antivirus think. With a smart refrigerator, you do not know that. You do not care. What makes this even worse is that the real danger is not that youre going to put something in your refrigerator and someone will forward how often you open the door, the real problem is attacks on other people. If you are one of the people who launched it, you do not know it, and the damage is done through you. How do you fix that . This is an industry where you need to establish standards throughout the vertical chain. You need customers to be involved. That is what you need. There are a couple of conclusions about this. To add another question to that, many years ago i was on and Academies Panel looking at software liability. It always kept coming back to a question of connectivity versus reliability. Is there a tradeoff here, the device can be the more connected a device is, the less secure it is, or is that a false tradeoff. A report came out that included Cyber Security, maybe you can start off by answering that. Then i want to hear from the Network People and how they view that. In terms of your question, if you think about it narrowly, perhaps the answer is yes. A more open iot at the device level would be open to reductions in security area. I do not really think the level that is important to consumers there is that tradeoff. To provide an example, a light bulb in your house does not need to be talking to the entire internet. It might be spending sending sam, but it can talk to your home hub, a gateway in your house that has an appropriate firewall and in tales no reduction in utility for that label. We think not about just devices, but systems and connectivity. How is connectivity growing in recent history, and much further back than that . To the extent iot is going to be growing, it will be because there is value in devices and systems being connected, in a smart way. Of the very, very highest level, does it make sense in an industry to design the devices to be able to go through a hub or something that has more control . Is a cheaper to build something that can connect to anything . Cheaper can be a problem in the iot space. You can have device to device, device to hub, device to hub, cloud to cloud. The tradeoff between security and cheapness, as you put it, i think there is a way to