Oak ridge, tennessee. In is about an hour and 10 minutes. Good afternoon, everyone. Good afternoon. Glad you made it in the we have a eather but nice representation of people for what i any is going to be an exciting talk so were glad youre here. My name is harold cam bell. Museumfoundation board. Jim campbell whojust stepped in a momentago was the president oftheboard so ive astake the series oftalks. Dr. Mark dean agreedto do this talk several monthsago. Andhe was the firstwhen i saw when i came in so hes here. I thinkyoure in forapleasure ,and hearsome really neatthingsabout what is happening inhis career. And Atthe University of tennessee. A dean is an inventor and computer engineer. Hes local. He was raised in jefferson city. He went to that marvelous universityof tennessee. How Many University of tennessee fans in here . Show of hands. All right, way to go. So he got his first degree from the university of tennessee and went ahead and got his masters electrical e in e engineering. Lost his wayfrom tennesseeand endedup at stanfordfor his ph. D. Pretty good school and have some people here that know about that university soft he is an i. B. M. Fellow and is anybody in here familiar with the i. B. M. P. C. . [laughter] and i bet you cant tell whatyear you became familiarwith the ibm pc . 1985 . Dont remember that far back. [laughter] but this young man is going to talk to us today. He was on the team that developed all that and he has patents to prove it, so he was instrumentalin developing thatinformation technology. Imnot sure what we would do today if we didnt have the p. C. And everything that goes along with that. And hecontinued hiscareer with ibm and becamea fellow, whichis the highestlevel ofdistinctionin that organization. And hes a member of thenational inventors hall of fame. He has several patents himself connected with the p. C. And other endeavors and its just indeed a pleasure. Hes been theinterimdean of the universityof tennessee schoolofengineering,tickle college of engineering. So itis a pleasure to introduce dr. Mark dean. [applause] ok. Good afternoon, everyone. And thanks, harold for the instruction. Im going to put that down there. Im not used tospeaking in amicrophone becauseeven in this size room, i usually can throw my voice. Speaking t used to behind a poem. So i may step out a little bit. Just to seibert. Im glad just to see you better. Im glad you were able to come. The number of peoplehere. We canmake it attractive. Im going to spend a littletime telling meaboutmyselftellingyou aboutmyself, technology. A few thingswe need to think aboutgoing forward,or at leasti would like to have a conversationaroundthem, andthen emerging technologieses and then we can explore whatever space you guys want to explore so i dont have too many constraints, as some of you that know me may know that so, as harold said, im from a little town near here. Jefferson city, tennessee. I started myacademiccareer atnelson mary, ablack school before integration. My grandfather was the principal, so i like to point hat out and that dates me. In the third grade they integrated the schoolsystem so i wentto the integrated school. I wasthe lastclass to graduate fromour small high school. Thats a picture of my early years. I went to the university of tennessee. Got my undergraduatedegree. Andthen ibmhired me intodevelopment. I orked there 10yearson what became the i. B. M. P. C. And relatedtechnologyfor the first 10 years of its life. So i have just over40 patents heard mostofthoseare tiedto most of those are tied to the work we did on the i. B. M. P. C. It wascalledtheisasystembus. T he thingthat defined pc compatibilityfor 15 years. Well talk a little bit more about that but we were actually surprised how long that existed. We didnt really realize wed set the standards to that level. As harold said, i got my ph. D. 34 years ord, i spent at ibm. And i havespentmy last six years asa facultymember atuniversityof tennesseeand as therim dean fortheticklecollege of engineering so ive been blessed, i have to say. Ive been very blessed. Now, many people ask this is the questioni get more than anythingelse, when youwere developingthe ibm pc, did you know what youare doing . [laughter] and i said first, you step back, ok, what did they mean . I think they meant, if you realized the level of impact,goodand bad, thatthe personalcomputer and related technologieswould have on society,productivity,entertain ment,information sharing,businessmodels, communications and allthat all aspects of our lives . So when i recovered, i answer the question as no, we really didnt realize what we were doing. We did realize that we werebuildingsomething that would improveproductivityforpeople for people thatwanted tocreateand manage information. So this includes word processing, ledgers, anybody that bought an original p. C. , this is what you would do. Design, you would have personal data storage. It wasone of the systems thatstarted to allow you to storedata. Locally versus out in the what wasnt the cloud at the time. It was the i. B. M. Mainframe. Cloud so alled the history repeats itself. So we did not realize how much it wouldaffect everyone andenable so much innovation. And just likeall previous innovations,the creators could nothavefully understoodhow they would changethe world. Now the p. C. s, laptops, tablets and your smarts phones are allintegral parts of our lives. Helping uscreateand shareinformation, be entertained, andto get things done. So, again, i was in the rightplace and the righttime, not knowing any betterand things worked out. So ive been fortunate. Ive been fortunate to be a part of a lot of teams that had first accomplishments. His includes the first p. C. , includes the first giga hertz microprocessor. Firstaccomplish mentsibmssupercomputercalled blue jean in new york. Wedeveloped a disciplinecalled services science. If we had a couple of hours, id tell you what that is but trust me, that was interesting. And then actually, morerecentwork that wasdone withone of my colleagues here intheaudience, computingparadigms based on the humanbrain called no morefor computing. So its been great. I cant complain. Ive been able to explore a lot. So everyone asks me what does it feel like to invent . What sit like to have more that be 40 patents . The real truptse is mostof myinventions arethe result of what i would call my superpower. Youre dreaming, rights . Heres my superpower a vivid imagination and confidence to believeyou can build anything. Thats my superpower. Now, im not unique. Everybody has a superpower but most dont realize what it is or have the opportunities to develop and focus on their superpower. Ive had that opportunity. There have been two primary organizationsthat allowed me to developand xploit and my superpower. One was the universityof tennessee. Without that inthe education igot there, i wouldnot have had thechance to go on and be a part ofibm. And course i. B. M. There are some individuals that none of you will recognize but im going to say their names and withoutthem i would notof had the chance to do thingsi would have wasable to do. The firstwas vonschenklin in my early career at alcoa. Ted davisin my early career at ibm. Rod atkins, wayne daviswho is now interim chancellorhere. And he was the reason i came back to be a fk you willty member. My wife denise. Shes been with me and made a lot of things possible. My parents,james and barbaradean. Andmygrandparents eugeneand zsofia peck. A shoutout to them because without them, none of this would have been possible. Been able ctually to, i guess id have to say, change the world. I guess that would be the way id have to put it. Not thinking that was the intent , but thats how it kind of turned out. I also believe that anything we can imagine can be realized. Theres a simple matter of four key elements to make anything you can manage possible. Time, money, risk, and determination. Now, i use the word determination but most people would call that not knowing any better but determination sounds whole lot better. Also, most great innovations that have had the biggest impact society,have occurred in the gapsbetween discipline, right . Putting ideas together from multiplesources and disciplines to solvea problemor to address an opportunity. Thats wheremost of the great innovations haveoccurred. And i would haveto say the pc falls rightinto that category. Innovation being the applicationof invention tosolve a problem is somethingi amfar more proud of than my inventions themselves. Ive got all these patents but the real value is what we did with them. Not the pat epts or inventions themselves. So an invention is worthless impact. Has an change peoples livesor helps people live better, havemore success,be appy, that isthetrue measure of a particular innovation. Watching the use of what we have built to watch someone usea computeri have designed or takeadvantage of what we built that iswhere the joy comes from. Theres a lot of innovationsthatwe often take for granted. And has ignited significant changesin the world. I just wanted to mexico a few. Just to set up the talk after that. , so Harvesting Energy from burning organic material. Wewouldsay diesel engines,gasolineengines,steam engines, thesethings have allowed us to findbreakthroughs in transportation,manufacturing,i nfrastructure,mining, mining, lots of areas. So thats a big deal. Trains, planes, and auto mobile. Auto mobile automobiles. Theyve allowed society to start of spread out. Electricity, significant breakthrough. Through. Wiredcommunication, telegraph, telephone,broadband. And wireless communication. So we wouldnt have tell vacation, radio or cell phones without the wireless mmunications or Standard Communications for that matter. Penicillin and vaccines a big. I was telling someone earlier, ithink the next great breakthroughswill be in biology. Imvery highonpenicillin vaccines andother breakthroughs that are comingin biology. Aspirinand ibuprofen, atomicenergy. A lot of it was developedhere. Plastics. The transistor. Computers, obviously. The internet. And g. P. S. So these are things that, due to innovations and manyothers, that society couldnot live without. Today. Right . They havealso enabled new iscoveriesand new innovations. Theyre not just innovations in hemselves,but they have enabled us to go further. Now, engineers and scientists oftenbuild thingsasachallenge to their abilities. And i have to admit, that iskindof why i builtmost of the things that ive built. Or that ithas never been done before. We are drivenbybeingfirst. Or because itisfun to watch somebody you somethingyou design. These are the things that tend to drive engineers and scientists. Engineers and scientists seldom considerthe impacton societyof a particular invention or innovation may have. At most, this would probably be a secondary consideration andprobably would not occur afterthe first prototypeor demonstration model was done. Going to question this is going to be aquestion that allgreatinnovation that hashad a sniffget in tacked onsociety, also mayhavehada significantimpact onsociety, and i want to explore what responsibility engineers and scientists have to help society understand both ends, right . The positive sides are easy, but can we explain and address and make suresociety is aware of thepotential negatives. Thatwould go along with this. So im going to cover a fewtechnologies and thenmoveon to talk about that in general. Computers. Lets take computers for example. Cell phones, tablets,entertainment systems, cableboxes, all of these are computers basically. And its obvious the Significant Impact theyve had on productivity,information auction andinformation sharing, new formsof entertainment information production and sharing,entertainment, complexsystems modelinglike weatherforecasting,business opportunitiesfor new applicationsand services,it is an endless list, right . It is part of our lives. Now, let me pose this. And i have yet to find somebody that we havea discussionbut is an interesting thought. Think about this. Computers are the onlyproduct where webuythemexpecting them to fail. Right . Its the only one we expect to have to reboot a computer ordownload a new version of softwareto fix it. Ichallenge people, is there anythingelse thatwe buy thatwe expect that of the product . I cant you know, fridge fridges, cars. Light bulbs. But light bulbs at least last five years or 10 years or something. If my depurelt lasted 10 years withoutme having to reboot it. But ido not get a week outof it. Ive neverheard that recalled before. Im not sureyou can upgrade that. Ok. Thosemoments onlyhappen one moment in time so we get to experience those. Thats a positive experience. When you look back on it. Its usually a positive experience. When you look back on your computer blue screening, thats usually not a positive experience. So society now acceptsflaws in computingproductsand the computingindustrytakes advantageof what we have trained societyto expect. We will ship we the computer industrywill ship something beforeit really is a fully tested. Right . Yeah. Didnt know that well, you help them out because you test them it for them, you tell them about the problems and they give you an upgrade. Were used to that we accept i was a part of this and i i funny about it because dmit i was a part of this. Like i said, i feel funny about it. Another negative i would have to say is thatcomputingisinsufficienta t data privacy and data security. I have to admit that we have exposedsocietyto lossof sensitive or personal data. Especially to bad actors. And ill talk more about that later. But i have to saythat we have builtcomputing and we have gonesofar and we do not takeintoconsideration theeffectsonaccess to our private information, and maybe that should have taken a little bit more thought. So, we cant live without computers, right . And if we did, things would slow down significantly. And some of you might say that might be a good deal. A little bit down would be ok. But no, the world is not goingto slow down. So the question is shouldsocietyexpect some of our greatcomputingcap capabilities to be used to improve computing reliability . Should we expectthatinstead ofmore megahertz,more memory, more orage, more about some of that could be used tomake computerslast more years, like a label . Likealight bulb . I do notknow. Could weuse thecapability to provide better protectionto our data . Maybe. Maybe it couldprovidemore independenceforpeople that hasnorelevance to their social statusor financial status. Maybeit would open up new opportunities for everyone. Not just the fewthat can have access to it. The question is, can consumerexpectationsdemand havea major effect on vendorsand what they offer . And yes, they can but we have to decide thatthat is what we want, that we want Something Better and expect that and drive the industry. Maybe. Likeisaid,the upside ofcomputing, theproductivity provides and efficiencies are significant. We accept that and we accept downsides. The here are othertechnologies. Plastics. A huge example. I donot think wecould live without plastic. Packaging of food,distribution of food, reductioninwaste,it has been a big deal for us. But the challenge with plasticsisas you all know, waste. And the potential contaminationof our environment. Again, im notgoingto blamethe innovators of plastic orthetechnology, becauseit is something we can address but obviously these are typesof things we have to thing about. The internet is another one. Again, without the sbernlts, we wouldnt have the great sharing of information, social media, all the great things that weve come to enjoy having internet. Even netflix and all the things that provides. Amazonwould not be here without the internet. But i have to admit, the internet has exposed our information, our personal information, our finances, our confidential records to sposhe on a scale not before possible. Before the internet, youd have to break into an Office Building to get something. Then its local. And now, i can sit in my living room and get access to a lot of stuff. Just something to think about it. Again, im nottrying to denigrateor downgrade thesegreat breakthroughs. We just need to have these conversations. Thats all im trying to expose. , so like asaid, i do notwish to suggest that weshould not havedeveloped ordeployed these technologies. The questionis, should we asengineers andscientists, and imtalkingabout myself,have identified and minimizedthe negatives of these technologiesbefore theywere deployed,or early intheir deployment . And if we had, would anybody have listened . If we had said oh, wait a minute, heres some of the downside, would people have paid attention . Or would they have run off and said thats great, but im doing to do this and this is going to be good soft its an interesting thought. Could we as individuals and ino vailtors have known ahead of time the downside of the distribution and use of these technologies . When we were doing that we didnt predict a lot of stuff. We didnt know any better and it kind of took off but we could have given it a little bit more thought, i think. So is it our responsibility, engineers and scientists, to notify and protect society from the potential downsides and dangerous of a giventology . The real question is whos liable for any damages or losses incurred from the use of a giventology . Who is responsible . Its a thought. Ok, so ill leave you with that lets talk about the newest commodity to be leveraged by us individuals and businesses. Anybody want to guess . Ai. Dr. Dean no, it is a commodity. It is data. Just data. Just data. It gets big because theres a lot of it. The potential revenues and Profit Margins for the creation, collection, integration, analysis, just to be should and distribution and sale of data and information is greater than any other commodity. Right . So Data Information is quickly becoming the new world currency. Far exceeding import and export of any other commodity. Just moving data around. Is a bigger import and export commodity than anything else. And theres going to be more money made on that movement of data than any other commodity. Than any commodity you can think of. This will far exceed the revenues associated with it. Just moving bits around. That is all it is. Theres a lot of money in that business. So, Companies Like amazon and ebay, google, facebook, ups, microsoft, ibm, banc, a center accenture, and many others are making large amounts of money collecting, analyzing, analyzing, leveraging and distributing data. No manufacturing required. People sitting in an Office Building, airconditioned, moving bits around. All these comedies are delivering products and services that have can to beat it to our prosperity. Because they are doing it, we are enjoying that. That prosperity they are providing. Another question, what responsibly do these comedies have in protectdo these companies have in protecting this information we have gathered, that they are gathering and creating. Should these companies treat our data like banks treat our money . Or maybe banks used to treat our money . What penalty should be levied on the loss of this data . What value should we place