Close your watching cspan, your unfiltered view of america. Write you today by your television provider. Brought to you today by your television provider. Dr. Chrise beyrer. , we talk about the road ahead with vaccine. Coming this morning on the news of another successful application of moderna to the fda on approval of their vaccine. Beyrer, what are your thoughts at this stage where we have two vaccines in the pipelines . In the pipelines . Guest this is extraordinary. Both the Pfizer Vaccine candidate and the motor in a and the Moderna Vaccine candidate are based on rna technology. These trials have gone very well. They have been very large. The data from both are remarkably similar around over 90 efficacy in protecting people from serious complications and serious diseases with covid. These are not vaccines that prevent primary infection. What they do is reduce the likelihood if you do have an exposure and you do have covid. With the Moderna Vaccine, there were no serious cases in people who were immunized, only in people who got the placebo. What they have done is they have filed with the fda for emergency use authorization. That is not the same as approval. Triala is reviewing that both for efficacy and for safety. Host we talked about the cdc meeting today, their panel looking at the groups that will be the first to get the vaccine. In those studies, the Pharmaceutical Company did on the vaccine, did they set up the populations to reflect the primary populations they thought would get the vaccine first . Guest absolutely. Recruitmentoals of was that at least 40 of the beple in the trials would over 65. That was achieved. Demographics as you may know there are Health Disparities with covid. There have been higher rates of hospitalization, sickness, and africanamericans, latino americans, and native americans. There was an effort to make sure the demography of the trials affected the demography of the u. S. With the madera vaccine, they did achieve that goal with Moderna Vaccine, they did achieve that goal. Host we spent the first hour asking folks if they would get vaccinated. Concerns, one of which came up a couple of times was the speed of development of the vaccine. Should people be concerned about that . Guest this has been an unprecedented effort. I started working on hiv vaccine in 1992. We were supposed to have one in two years and we still dont have one. This has been amazingly fast. I think what people need to understand is that what the government did with operation warp speed was cut the corner of the time between a Clinical Trial and having vaccine available. Basically investing in all of the vaccines the u. S. Is supporting trials for to start manufacturing. With 100 million doses prepurchase of each vaccine. Saved an anomic amount of time. An enormous amount of time. That means people that means we will probably have in the tens of millions of doses available in both the pfizer and moderna if both pfizer and getr not get and moderna authorization. We have not cut corners on safety, testing, or the actual effectiveness of the vaccine trials. Dr. Stevenuest, beyrer. Former president of the world aids society. Worlds a day is december 1, today. You mentioned in your opening comments this was a different type of vaccine. It worked with a messenger rna. People asked about that in the first hour. Islain that to us and how it different than current Vaccine Technology. Guest this is a new technology. It does not lead to a licensed vaccine for the u. S. It is based on advances that have happened in the last few years including how to deliver messenger rna which is a piece of Genetic Information based on the protein of the coronavirus. , andis packaged in a lipid a fat nano particle in a fat nano particle. You inject that piece of information, the human body then response by making its protein. The response sees that this is a form protein a foreign protein and that is the target for protection against the coronavirus. Your body manufactures it and then you make the immune response. This is a technology that has an around for a number of years. There has been a lot of optimism, but this is the first time it really looks like people got it right. Dr. Beyrer, with us. We expect your we kept your calls. We accept your calls. 2027488000 for the eastern and central time zones. 2027488001 for mountain and pacific time zones. Ablehad anticipated being to deliver 40 million doses of a vaccine perhaps by the end of this year. Beyrer, how many doses have to be administered for it to become an effective vaccine . Guest this is an important point to understand. Is a goodk that estimate, it probably will be 40 million doses by the end of the year. Vaccinesber, these being tested right now prevent serious disease but adult prevent infection but they dont prevent infection. We dont know how they will play out in terms of word immunity in terms of heard herd immunity. We dont know that yet. That is an investigative question. Been anainly, there has effort to figure out what would be the right allocation or pop maximum impact and protection of the most vulnerable and those like healthcare workers and frontline responders. That is where we will start protecting people who either have the highest likelihood of exposure or the highest likelihood of having serious disease. Host the effectiveness of , todayl flu vaccines they give us any clue on how a Covid Vaccine might work in a population . Guest flu vaccines very depending on how close the vaccine is developed each year fits with what is circulating in the population. This is a different virus. It is more stable than the flu which is good news. It has a very wide range of clinical outcomes from no symptoms at all to fatal outcomes. Are trying to do with these vaccines is prevent serious clinical disease and prevent publications like pneumonia, hospitalization, and death prevent complications like ammonia, hospitalization, and death. Vaccines like modernas appeared to be over 90 effective of preventing covid19 complications. Host we had a caller from earlier who said he was reluctant to get the vaccine. Bari he has a andral he has a syndrome cannot get information on whether the coming vaccines might prohibit him from getting vaccinated. Far there are many populations you have concerns about with vaccines. Women who wegnant have not studied these vaccines on and children. Nearly all of these trials are in adults. We dontw folks know about folks who are immune compromised, we dont know about pregnant women, we dont know about tilden. There will be additional trials after we know the vaccine is generally safe. The fda has the data and that has to be evaluated before we go into understanding the use of these vaccine candidates in folks with other conditions. Was an issue about whether or not People Living with hiv could participate in these trials. We thought that was very ifortant to understand People Living with hiv could amount an immune response. People with hiv were available for the trials. Host we were president of the International Aids Society and you said the vaccine is still in development. Why has it taken so long to find a vaccine for aids . Guest hiv is a different virus. It targets specifically the immune system and that this how its got its name. Immuno deficiency virus. Your turn to get an immune response and the virus itself is targeting the immune cells, the white blood cells. Enormouslyoven challenging. Host we will hear from sean first. You are on the air. Caller i dont mean to sound crazy but as i listened to this all year, i swear it sounds like a vaccine from resident evil. Nobody even knows the longterm effects of the coronavirus itself. Know the anybody longterm effects of this virus of the vaccine that you have only been testing for four months or five months. What is the effect from this five years from now . Worst Case Scenario is you could see resident evil, are people going to become zombies . Host we will hear from dr. Beyrer. Guest it is an important question and you are right to be concerned. The fda said they wanted two months of safety data because we are in a Global Pandemic in the u. S. Is the most effective country effected country. Data is af safety minimum of two months. We are following the people who have been immunized for a full two years. More safety data is going to accumulate over time. We want to know Going Forward until we get there how this looks for the longer term. So far, what we have seen is that the side effects and peoples reactions appear to be similar to flu vaccines or the shingles vaccine. , sometimes ass lowgrade fever, one or two days of feeling malaise and that it resolves. They appear to be safe, but you are right, we will need vigilance Going Forward and we will have to a candidate safety data over time. As to your question about what is called longterm covid, it is true that about 5 of people who survive covid seem to have a lingering response to the virus. That can be a heart issue, brain issues with what is called brain fog, memory issues. We are following those people closely at Johns Hopkins and other institutions to try to understand this and figure out how to treat them and help them. The fact is that this is a new disease. It crossed over probably from bats into humans are learning as we try and response to this emergency. Host you think people who have serious covid and have been a symptomatically should get who have been asymptomatic should get vaccinated . We are not necessarily screening for covid as people are enrolled because we want to know how the vaccine works in people who have had an exposure. Had covid and have seen that they appear to be safe. We need to see that data. There have been cases of people getting covid a second time with a second. Second variant a of the virus. But it is rare. Host on the line for health care professionals, 2027488002 , this is peter. Caller i am on the way to the clinic and i am an oncologist so i am familiar with treatments. I have an interesting anecdote. I developed two weeks ago a viral illness and severe cough in the middle of the night. I knew it was sars. A the next morning. I am 63 now but quite healthy. I had fever when i was nine years old so was at a high risk. Ofualified for the use andy and receive that received that on the 19th on onember 19 by November November 19. By the evening, my symptoms were fading. By friday the syndrome was almost resolved. I think this says a lot about where we are headed with the havece that we now illnesses. For i would expect over time antibiotics are going to fade and be replaced by therapeutic antibodies. And the synthetic vaccines are quite remarkable when we have tos Dna Technology able vaccines. Ssenger rna wherek that says a lot Vaccine Technology will go. Hopefully, not only will they be effective and longerlasting but will have a more broad range of vaccines for diseases that havent been preventable. I think it is going to be interesting where things are headed in a positive direction. Host we appreciate that. Chris beyrer . Guest im delighted to hear you had a good response and recovered quickly. Im sure your patients are glad to have you with them as well. Monoclonal antibodies and they have been studied this year and are looking very promising. Opening anns is Infusion Center for these infusions at the Baltimore Convention center. We are very enthusiastic about these. Your case is exactly what they are indicated for. It is important it gets to people early. The antibodies look good. After are acutely ill and by the time people are hospitalized, it is hard for them to have the same level of impact. I think for listeners out there, the Important Message is if you do have a sudden onset of covid19, particularly if you have a fever and shortness of wrath and a cough if you have of wrathnd shortness and a cough, you should inquire about if you can receive these antibodies. Host what has been approved what has been approved for therapeutics of the treatments . Antibodies are under emergency use authorization. Drug,e one antiviral desivir which was approved not approved but had emergency use authorization. That drug reduced hospital stays for people with covid on average by about three to five days. If that clinical improvement in the shortness of the hospital stay. It did not have any impact on overall county overall mortality. For that reason, the who has decided to not approve it for who guidelines internationally. People are still using it here because of how important it is to get people out of the hospital sooner. Host lets hear from jim in pennsylvania. Caller i am skeptical about taking anything this government says is good. They approved of estes, they said it wouldnt hurt us they os,roved of estes asbest they said it wouldnt hurt us. Even baby powder is proved to cause cancer. They harm people in the long run. I would like to suggest mr. Joe biden since he loves the chinese opened the door for trading with chinese should be the first want to take that. All the politicians that love the chinese and approved trading with the chinese that brought this into our country should be the first ones to take them. Beyrer, what does the public message have to do to fight skepticism . Guest people are skeptical and they are right to be skeptical. We need to see the safety data, that needs to be made public. Have beenal trials done with independent oversight by what is called the data safety and monitoring board. Those are independent experts, not government people. The trials have been done in the u. S. Largely through the Academic Research institutions. It is not happening through ratherent clinics, but the moderna trial used sites that were developed for hiv research at top universities across the country. There scientific independence and integrity with these studies. They have been done very rigorously. Their doubleblind placebocontrolled trials. Neither the person getting the vaccine nor the person giving it knows what is in the vial. Because weortant really need to have that kind of rigorous assessment of these candidates. Will skepticism go away . I dont think it will go away entirely. I think there is a lot of mistrust out there. I think also there are so many people who desperately need to get back to seeing their loved ones, seeing their grandkids, healthcare workers that are dealing with this in normas ofe this enormous wave covid infections in the u. S. They are all going to play Important Roles. What we have heard from people is that they want to see medical people get the vaccine. They want to see physicians and nurses get it. They dont want to be first, that is understandable. Full access to vaccines for anyone in this country mother best estimate is that will julybly be sometime in through august of 2021. People have six to eight months if theyre not in one of the primary groups for unitization to learn more about this for immunization to learn more about this. Will political leaders play a role . I think so. And likely many other folks who can influence. Faith leaders are going to play an Important Role in some communities. Host africanamericans are among the hardest hit populations by covid. Pretty tells about a piece you , its headline why diversity andhy inclusion matter in covid19 vaccine trials. Guest we were all somewhat surprised at how quickly the Health Disparities we have seen with other conditions were replicated with covid. Highrates of exposure and rates of illness and high rates in africanamericans, latino americans, and native americans. When you look at that and try to understand it, it turns out that so many of these folks are in the category we would think of as working poor or workingclass telecommute and are unable to work from home. Only one in five africanamericans have a job can telecommute, only one in six latinos. They have been taking care of folks in nursing homes, they are overrepresented in health care, and they are people who dont have Good Health Insurance through their jobs. The Health Disparities happened quickly. The reasons this is so important for the vaccine trials is if we dont have data on efficacy and safety in these communities, we dont know if the vaccines work, that is a problem. It is also likely to increase skepticism and concerns. And this is issue what we are writing about, it is different but an important one. Because these folks have high level of exposure, using public transportation, living in multi households, they have higher exposure. We need to see if these vaccines can work in context of the vaccine exposure. That is known as force of infection. It is higher in these communities so we need to know if the vaccines work in these populations. Well inbeen doing quite latino communities which has been hard which have been hardhit in this country. Of participation africanamericans has been increasing in trials. It was too low to start, but it is an ongoing effort. Host lets hear from rick give me, susan in georgia. Caller thank you for taking my call. Please give me the opportunity to say something. These vaccines are very dangerous, they should not be given to the blick. To the public. Who is behind all this is anthony fauci. This is a moneymaking deal. These vaccines are going to change peoples dna. They will make your immune system hypersensitive. They can attack your immune system. Once these injections are in you , youre not going to be able to get this new type of vaccine out of your system. They will change your dna. Moneymakings a process for the vaccine factorys, for anthony for anthony factory who has a patent on the. Host will Drug Companies make money off the vaccines and will our dna be changed . Andt there is no evidence there is no data that suggest these have any impact on the human genome. They do cause the body to amount an immune response to the protein of the coronavirus. These are the messenger rna vaccine. The other candidates still in , there are two other platforms, they dont have genetic material. I understand the viewers concerns. I dont think theres any evid