Noble intentions were behind the Civil Rights Act of 1960s and arguably real games have occurred. With respect to gender equity, it is men not women who are significantly underrepresented. Putting aside past accomplishments and honest appraisal suggests demand unrealistic promotion may now give minorities more harm than good. Thank you very much. Thank you members of the commission for inviting me to be part of the discussion. Im an associate director of Postsecondary Education policy center for American Progress. Center for American Progress are cap is a nonpartisan policy institute and we are dedicated to creating new policies but aggressive ideas. Quality affordable Education Beyond High School is a critical part of enabling citizens to have economic mobility and make sure the economy grows were shared prosperity. Today ill describe her policy ideas for improving the Higher Education assignment howitzers people of color. The three policy areas i will discuss our increasing federal investment in public colleges, guaranteeing students receive Financial Aid to pay for college up front and making sure students are prepared to do college work when they Enter College and receive support from institution to meet academic goals. First id like to set the stage a little bit. This might not be news to you as this is the last panel of the day. Since the 1970s weve made significant investments in telegram and Student Loans to make more americans able to pay for college. Her grandson paid. The growing rate has increased by a third since 1970 and particularly low in him middle income and students of color. At the same time the system is more diverse. In 1976 people of color were 16 . Today they are happily 40 . Part of this is because the citizenry becomes more diverse with the increased Participation Rate among people of color. There are troubling signs people of color are not able to access some of the most well resourced universities. Research universities is categorized by the Carnegie Classification system are some of our most well resourced and Academic Research programs. During the fall of 2012 undergraduate students of color at public colleges were 37 of the degree enrollments but at the Research Universities they were 29 and students of color were 41 at twoyear colleges. You see a disparity and overall the 150 public Research Universities only nine of them are institutions with a specific mission of hispanic serving institutions, minority serving institutions and historically black colleges. The first step for addressing inequities is to look at the cuts that have happened of Public Education after the recession in 2008 and many state governments had to cut back funding for colleges. Research has shown 29 states decreased their total investment in education in 44 states decreased investment on a per student basis. The institutions to serve the higher proportion of students of color were particularly hard hit with these cuts. One of the things cap has proposed to address the situation is a program called the equality compact are really jumpstart the invest. Without this reinvestment we will not see the games we need. Under our proposal face to be eligible for matching funds that invest as much as the maximum pell grants for students and we would give extra bonus fund for serving students and g. I. Bills defense. The provision would be explicitly aimed at increasing the investment in his editions that serve students of color. The second piece i want to talk about is the college for all proposal. We want to make the funding guarantee much was certain. We think Education Beyond High School needs to be universally available and that is to cover tuition fees, Living Expenses and making sure students know going into high school that the award aid will be available to them very similar to the powell promised. We think it is important because students will know in high school or college is available to them and we want to see more High School Students taking a College Preparatory curriculum. Finally id like to talk about what happens when a student gets to school. Its important that students receive support from institution will make it less risk be for them to attend. That includes ridge programs that have shown to boost student progress in Student Success and the other piece that is important our learning communities which are interventions for students have shared use shared work and they know other people are participating in the program within. Theres students interact with and professors tracking progress. In conclusion i thank you for having me. Happy to answer questions than happy to provide followup in permission. [inaudible] mr. Vedder, and i read and listen to you with great interest on what you conclude what your position is very similar to what mr. Clegg said yesterday as did Stephen Aarons drum. I agree there is individuals that may not want to go to college and may not be right for college do you not tend to make blanket statements in your concluding remarks when minority shouldnt try for this because theyll be disappointed in you point to the fact the wealth gap has not been narrowed for blacks and whites the 1960s. And then you say become the Higher Education not prepared because the system k12 didnt prepare them well. You blame a community for a Playing Field sat by discrimination in the past and present as Fabian Sasser eloquently put it yesterday to mr. Clegg on this point, the fact that wealth is a huge divide particularly with africanamerican communities up until the 1950s they were prohibited from purchasing asset of a home which by and large is the main asset for minorities because of discrimination. When you look at School System the communities find themselves in they are based on communities that have a tax base virtually nonexistent compared to the wealthier whiter communities. They have schools that dont have access to advanced placement in College Preparatory courses. It is because of a system rigged that way in my estimation. To say they come from here to 25 why even bother seems to me to be an appropriate way to address the issue. If those are the concerns we shouldnt be saying you guys are never going ahead 100 mark. You are only a 25. You shouldnt even try. That is close enough an opportunity for people based on their status. Minority shouldnt even try. You must value your northwestern degree. God knows i value my law degree from michigan because i know it opened doors for me i would not have had had i gone to a less prestigious school. To say minority shouldnt try because it might be hard, maybe i got more beef in michigan and then had i gone to a local school that didnt have prestige and come out of their a at Baker Mckenzie wouldve never hired hired me as from a prestigious goal. You are misrepresenting. We set up minority communities for failure based on past failures. Again, you are misrepresenting. That is how i interpreted. I would agree with commissioner heriot should let me say this is my testimony came off as saying i dont think blacks or hispanics or whatever group should try because they are some mean of that nature certainly was not the intention nor do i think it was expressed in my testimony. I think the failure for minorities is a failure of public policy. Public policy is hurting minorities and unintended ways. Without using black hispanic things that might be inflammatory, lets talk about income. What percentage of College Graduates come from the bottom quartile of the income distribution. The bottom quartile disproportionally includes minorities. Lets put it in terms of income could the bottom in the last few years about 10 of the graduate come from that group of people. As 25 of the population. What was said in 1976 the first year the pell grant was made. 12 was higher than dan today. One of my colleagues at the pell grants have been cap. Weve gone from 2 to 38 in terms of finding. 72 to 36. In the real world to say outside higher ed the price of bread triple. The price of housing tripled. The price of food tripled. In real terms the National Bureau of labor statistics than a mile away from here has gone up 30 or 40 . Colleges raise tuition. Why arent you lucky not . Why are you looking at the producers of the services. They are exploiting people and taking Financial Aid programs. It hurts minorities more. Im not saying they shouldnt go to college. I am saying they are being ripped off more relatively speaking. That is the thrust of what i wanted to say. We will look at that because we did have testimony yesterday. That is not what i interpreted your remarks both written and oral to be. Commissioner achtenberg. I wanted to talk with ms. Mcclean about your obligations of the campusbased it program. So college workstudy and there is a third program. Perkins loan. Could you talk about each of those interned and whether or not the other two as well are ready for reform and in the case of college workstudy not just the allocation but whether or not increases in college workstudy might be a smart investment if our goal was to empower students in general who are already in college to achieve the baccalaureate and any observations you might have about whether or not theres anything pertinent to particular to persistence and degree attainment on the part of racial minorities. Absolutely. Something i didnt mention in my testimony of many of you may know programs are chopping block as we approach the reauthorization. I want to see we find them very of the eye will go through them and to visualize u. S. s supplemental Educational Opportunity grant designed to supplement the Pell Grant Program is what it does and that is a groundbased Program Administrator does have flexibility to look at their pool as a guide to the extent is supplemented is doing a good thing right now. The federal Perkins Program we can always look at it and in the program. Right now is a relatively small program. A 1 billion program for example is very small. What we might look at is expanding the program to get more institutions into it so more can participate. The federal Work Study Program has a tremendous amount of goodwill both on capitol hill that Financial Aid administrators in the community and i was there with was there with that we were glad to see more funding in the program and certainly that help students as they get paychecks throughout the semester. You asked specifically about other benefit and there has been researched to show it does connect students to the institution if they have a job to go to and get intertwined and have a supervisor they work with. Certainly for students that is their first real job experience and they rely heavily when they graduated trent to get their first job. We heard testimony that in particular college workstudy was a very important part of not only making the Student Connect it to the university but also enabling the student to have an opportunity to do an internship inside the university or become a Lab Assistant or something with college workstudy fun and that makes the person more likely to persist to achieve to graduate. He was also not a cat of targeted workstudy. So that is pretty consistent with his testimony. I am wondering ms. Baylor some of the recommendations ms. Mcclean is making ring true for your organization and if you could comment on that. Absolutely. I agree the Work Study Program should connect students to universities and it gives them a Work Experience taken to after school. We also in particular would like to see an expansion of any thing jobs that connect the student to Academic Work to make sure students who have economic need also have the time and opportunity if they can afford to do an unpaid internship make sure there is an opportunity to do work that connects them to their Academic Work related to our general recommend nation is we need to have more aid that is not paid back especially for students at the low end of the income scale. We want them to understand it is something they can obtain because the jobs in the economy require the skills. We heard testimony from King Alexander regarding the funding formula and his observation that this can assume that yours said one of the components where you gave them their base that they had the year before so the older institutions that have made when the program was created and have an outpaced enormously by newer faster growing institution that the formula is outdated and tends to reward older institutions and give them more money. We heard a statistic of the ivy leagues combined received 10 million for 60000 students were at the California State University which educates 400,000 students receives 11 million of the 400000 students have a bad archery and 11 eligible for the ivy leagues may be under 15 r. Train 11 eligible. A large amount of money is invested in a small number of needy student on one hand and over here you have a huge number of students getting essentially nothing. Perhaps that might be combined with some kind of outcome measurement good we heard earlier and i am sympathetic with commissioner kirsanows concerned that the measurement of inputs is not exactly where we want to be particularly if our goal is to increase the attainment of the baccalaureate degree in the aggregate as well as with regard to minority underachievement. It seems to me i hope its not on the chopping block but it made me on the free distribution block if equity is going to be more readily achieved. Is that a conclusion you would agree with or do you take is there something there i am missing . That is correct. Mr. Vedder, did you have an observation . I have no specific observation except for one thing. The base guarantee. Everyone i know in higher ed is an opposable thing. I am in complete agreement with the statementstatement s with respect to god. I think one of the things that we see systematically from state funding to this Grant Program is institution that are well resourced and end up having more students succeed. Then you see these institutions that have procedures money and the institutions serving the needy astute and seem to be facing the confreres. Your federal matching program encouraging states to me and asked. One of the primary factors for the increase intuition at least for statefunded institutions. Im not saying its the only factor that a primary factor has been the progressive disinvestment on the part of states on behalf of their State University system. At least that is the phenomenon in california that has been true in others dates as well. Holiday federal matching program work in terms of your proposal and how does that yield increased investment on the part of the state . The way we envision it as we create a pot of money at the federal level that states would be eligible to access if they spend as much per student on a pell grant. If the Overall Investment is equal to as much as a pell grant student is so 5700. Good luck data that is to and another 10 states are in a couple hundred dollars at the bar. We thought it was states a little bit but was announced that the ground is seemed reasonable. What wouldnt say if if you participate to be eligible for the extra funding for any money put back into the system federal government would not do and wanted to make sure the matching supported students from backgrounds who wanted to the 60s. We thought it roman is pell eligible students could be Good Measures to redistribute the equity. May have to make a statement, you asked me a question. The federal government gets 50,000 per pupil student for more gb of the private universities. When you take account coming down the subsidies privileges for people make donations. These are schools with low pell participation. These are schools that have legacy admissions tendered but often discriminate against minorities. I dont know why you people you people is probably a wrong term to use. The commission does not look into this issue and take this up as a topic. It is something that people on the conservative and liberal end of the spectrum might find some agreement on. Commissioner narasaki followed by commissioner heriot. Thank you. I have a couple questions. Mr. Vedder said a College Degree is not a guarantee of employment. What i want to understand from all of you seems to me that increasingly it is becoming a prerequisite for many jobs. And made the u. S. Commission held a symposium on access to Higher Education for minority sufficient employment are getting into the middle class. If you have a College Degree versus if you dont. You should mention my name first. I would agree with that statement. College degrees, other things equal, and that is an important qualification are you better take it success than i have. Of course we want people to get College Degrees. By the way im the only one here except for s