This challenge by addressing not just the symptoms but by addressing root causes . And clicks. You consider the root cause, the introduction we have not seen this. Institute the bio security of the farm level. Clicks backyard farmers which are increasingly important in numerous as well. Place one of the things we have done the earlier Avian Influenza outbreaks came not from wild birds but lovebird auctions. Clicks yes. They have done a wonderful job. That metropolitan new york area was once very heavily involved with certain types. Probably not a fair question. As i said, we have not evaluated the current response that we are aware of the challenges. There will be new challenges identified. Issued a couple of his strategies. How this should be done. A new element that will have to be addressed. Thank you. Once or twice. Twice. The wildest pronunciation of your time. The next hearing. The step back and generalize we think of this is an emerging infection where Global Threats are local threats in the human animal interface is very important. We are always we are always worried because the virus is constantly changing and we are very much worried about what is happening in the rest of the world with Avian Influenza. Keen to know what is going on. Senator, it is important to make one critical. This virus came in 1997 in china. Age five in one outbreak in europe and asia and there was concern that we put money around the world into that area. We did not put enough. If we would have eradicated information this would not have happened. Clicks thats a great. Im going to call you doctor one more time. I am going to be rethinking my entire bio security plan. Increasing the structural operational protocol. Ultimately ultimately it is my problem in my farm in any to do something about it. I will be training my employees better Controlling Traffic on and off my farm command i will take steps to try to control dust. I would love to include the use of the vaccine in my toolbox my come to bio security efforts on my farm. That was a great response i will disclose with this thought. In terms of nautical terms the navy challenges like all hands on deck. This is all hands on deck. Im pleased to see that you are focused bigtime on this and working collaboratively together and i commend you on that. I appreciate what you said about taking responsibility yourself which is what needs to be done. Home depot, home depot in minnesota, and at campaign this is you can do it. We can help. You can do it but we we can help. It is going to come again. Different mutations. We just have to learn from our mistakes. Figure out what works. That which does not work. Great hearing. Great hearing. Thank you. Thank you. One thing we would like to do is offer the witnesses one last comment. I have to first go to doctor clifford. How would we . We talk about one World One Health and the Global Health security. We have got to be able to address these issues and make sure they are done. We address the human pandemic concern, but we basically reduced the funding and support necessary to continue. But how have we done it . Clicks how . How . You have to eradicated from the poultry. It was it was in the poultry. It was killing the wild birds. But but what happened because of its allow us to continue when it became an age five in age five and eight it adapted itself to wild waterfowl and killed ducks. That is the problem. We have the rid of it. So you stop the exchange of virus back and forth. The protocols and other countries not as rigorous . They dont destroy flocks. It depends upon the country. And the and asia, parts of asia people will actually sleep with the birds and have pigs outside. It is a whole different world. But if we do not help those cases many of those kind of diseases may come back to this country. Thats my. You are saying we did not spread out the money to eradicated. I am not sure that we could. We could could have tried. I understand. Again, thank you. I think you know we have learned lessons. We want this process to be faster. Is critical we get in there, kill birds quickly, and get command if the producers back on their feet faster. That is something that needs to be taken a heart clicks thank you. One of the reasons senator carper talked about the phonetic pronunciation. We dont pronunciation. We dont have a real good track record ourselves. If there if there is a bad pronunciation it probably came from this committee. Influenza has been around for a long time and continues to be a major challenge. The big picture is continued investment and improved vaccines including the socalled universal influenza vaccine really important to get ahead of this problem for the future. Mr. Curry. Yes. I talked in my opening Opening Statement about how important coordination and plans are. It is easy to sit here and talk, but it is difficult to adjust a reallife situation. This is somewhat unique in that we have had an outbreak, but we expect and are worried about the next. We can actually learn lessons now and figure out what our capabilities need to be in other parts of the country so that we can potentially learn quickly and be ready for what we think might be coming. Professor. Thank you, senator. I think that we need to help and protect mr. Snyders of our country. We have seen a number of people involved directly in our culture fall for many years. We have these large highly efficient means of producing food and poultry but i think really the producers and the farmers, the family farmers this is a wakeup call for us, i think. We have enjoyed the best quality safest food supply in the world. Now world. Now we are importing shell eggs from other countries. What is wrong with that picture . And we sometimes get into problems only when we import food not to mention other kinds of materials drugs etc. Thank you. First of all, you took the words out of my mouth. My own background, parents were raised on small dairy farms. The tradition of the family farmers dwindling. We cannot allow people to remain exposed. I have learned that it is exposed. I had coverage. I thought he was having a hard time obtaining the coverage. Coverage. I am afraid he is completely exposed. We will Work Together to see what we can do to help those in mr. Snyders position and not just mr. Schneider, but everyone affected. That is the real commitment of this committee. It is not in our jurisdiction, but our ability to hold an oversight hearing, to expose the particular problem. This is about getting people to admit we have a problem. I believe this is a problem that must be addressed urgently. One of the things i i think that might be able to help people like me is just the indemnity payment formula. One of those things is specific to egg laying farms. Indemnification could be based upon future value. That that is where the egg industry is just a little bit different. Over weeks those animals are raised and sent to market. The egg industry, those animals are in my facility for over a a year, sometimes two. The value of those eggs that is where if there is indemnity payment based upon future value, that would help me an awful lot. As we discussed, there has to be Something Like in my business if you have a catastrophic loss to destroy your flock. I was a catastrophic loss. We have to do something. There has to be some indemnification shum assurance that will keep you in business Business Interruption insurance. I am shocked we do not have that either as a a Government Program or in the private insurance. Again, that is a take away. I i just want to thank the witnesses for your testimony this Committee Really does have a great deal of sympathy for your loss and we are dedicated to doing what we can do help you out. His hearing record will remain open until july 23. This hearing is adjourned. [inaudible conversations] and finally, the ig noted Research Time is constrained with a six person who. We need that seventh member. My top recommendations are the following. Prioritize the programmatic goals, reviewed the essential resources for extended mammalian research including that seventh crewmember, scientist astronauts whose nominal responsibility is research, and finally to extend biological experiments to cover substantial portion of mammalian life cycle and incorporate martian gravity equivalents wherever possible. Given sufficient resources i am very optimistic that nasa can deliver another decade of rigorous translation research. I sincerely thank you for your support of the program and the opportunity to a year. Thank you, dr. Pawelczyk. I think all the witnesses for your testimony. Members are reminded committee will limit questioning to five minutes. The chair now recognizess himself for five minutes. This question will be for gerste gerstenmeyer mr. The Space X Mission had a Water Filtration device, docking mechanism and a new spacesuits on board. Can you explain the impact of the loss of these items on the iss and commercial crew programs and how do you plan to mitigate these impacts . We will start with the International Docking adaptor scheduled for commercial crew. It was lost. We wanted to have two units on orbit because of before beginning commercial crew flight. We still we believe we will support that schedule we will take part from a third unit that was being assembled at the spare or back up and and work with the contract to go ahead and extend that and get it delivered on time. The next docking adaptor is scheduled to go in the next several months and we will figure out right cargo flights to take up and one docking adaptor will be sufficient to support the commercial group program. We can accommodate that. The biggest impact to us is the cost associated with manufacturing a third unit from the spare parts that remain. On a multi filtration bench we think before the japanese transfer vehicle flies in august we should be able to get a new transfer bid manufactured through the outstanding work of the boeing corporation to help us expedite that work and we have plans in place to do that. We have been trending down on the toxic organic compounds aboard space station so we are still in stable configuration with the beds we have on word that. We will continue to monitor that carefully. The loss of the space suit we will now reconfigure one of the spaces we planned on returning to the space station, we will do more repairs on orbit and we will have available and we put a contract change in place to work with the Orbital Sciences corp to look at carrying space suits and a future for us so we have mitigating all three concerns that you have. The impacts will be not significant and we can accommodate them but there are impacts. Thank you, mr. Elbon. I will lead to what mr. Read the 16 said. The most significant involvement from boeings perspective is the docking adaptor and will be ready to fly, as mr. Gerstenmeyer mentioned to working closely with nasa to understand Water Filtration issue and get those components ready to launch on the next resupply vehicles that go up. I agree we are in good shape to support the crew on orbit. Thank you. Next question, nasa at aerospace, this is for mr. Gerstenmeyer nasa gerstenmeyer Aerospace SafetyAdvisory Panel has recommended as nasa sses iss like extension it joy also reviewed the objectives for continued iss use and clearly articulate to ensure the cost and safety risks are balanced given that human space flight is inherently risky, that risk always needs to be weighed against the value to be gained by the endeavour. What are nasas objectives for extending iss operations through 2024 . Of the Human Research front, there are many medical investigations were looking at that ridge ascribed by other Panel Members about radiation environment, the microgravity environment and we need to understand those that have those risks mitigated and understood before we are ready to commit to logger endeavors in space and those are all in plans in place, we have detailed investigations in work the current 1year expedition aboard the space station addressing many of those issues and concerns and that is moving forward. Thank you. Finally for mr. Martin, what insight does nasa had been to the Mishap Investigations performed by orbital and space x . Looking back at the apollo one accident the challenger accident, and the columbia accident do you believe that the investigations are benefiting from an independent review separate from the contractors or the program . My and your standing is under the faa since the faa a granted a license to the private contractors those days x and orbital katie k under the contract they are beating the indexing nation. With the orbital mishap nasa has a separate review ongoing but there isnt the same kind of independent Accident Investigation Board if it were a nestle and failure and we are currently conducting a review that will look at the concerns about the independence of a contractor let accident investigation. Thank you. That completes my questions. I now recognize the Ranking Member, mr. Edwards. Thank you to the witnesses again. Mr. Martins report of september of 2014 found that nasas estimate for the iss budget 3 million to 4 billion per year through 2024 is overly optimistic. That was reiterated in your testimony. I am really curious from mr. Gerstenmeyer if you could talk about the basis of your estimate for projected crew and Cargo Transportation costs that support iss and i would note in that for example there have been three cargo mishaps in the last eight months. Was that factored into your projection for costs . If it would seem that that alone would begin tissued costs those accidents which one could expect might happen over the course of operations another, to 2024, so it would be helpful to know what your basis for those estimated costs are and respond to the challenges mr. Martin has laid out in september of 2014. We have been working aggressively to look at Cost Management and cost control. We have consolidated some contracts into a smaller number of contracts. We are also using competition to attempt to drive down the costs. We are in the process right now we are in a blackout period of the Cargo Resupply Service number 2 contract award. We got extremely good competition from that activity and we believe competition will help us control and get those costs down. We are actively working we are aware of costs issues and teams have objected acquisition strategies, effective consolidation plans and removing costs from the program and we believe we can hold those costs down and we can provide objective evidence of what we have done and seen in past contracts versus futures contracts. Since your 2014 report, would it still be your assessment that nasas projections are overly optimistic . And in your analysis would you factor in three mishaps, the failures in terms of looking at the cost . Not exactly sure what do they factored how many accidents in but their cost projections are overly optimistic and continue to be. Iss has shown an 8 increase annually in cost over the life of the program. 20112013 and extending the life of the station to 2024, it is projected that in 2024, 59 of station expenses will be 4 crew and Cargo Transportation. That is a big piece of the high. For all the panelists, if you look at nasas rationale for extending to 2024 they include research and Technology Discoveries that benefit society enabling human exploration to mars establishing commercial crew and cargo to lower its orbit and sustain commercial use of space, just curious whether any of you believe what nasas top priority should be, that is a big list in itself and it is hard to figure out what should be first. Dr. Pawelczyk. Thank you for that question and it is a great one and is extremely important for the subcommittee to take on. You mention the idea of discovery science. What are the big science questions we want to have answered. We may not recognize the utility of those for a period of years. A piece of Research Equipment we flew on my mission in 1998 was largely use in the Nobel Prize Winning awards. That is 16 years to recognize some return on that investment but it is an important return nonetheless. The translation, this idea of what do we need to do to go further . You mention the commercialization aspects. We have contended in the Scientific Community for many years is not our job to sequence those priorities. It is the job of government, it is the job of either the executive branch or the legislative branch and i will be the that you to sort out which is which but you have been pretty clear at this point when i look at the authorization language, you have said mars is very important but is not either or it is and. Nasa will also maintain a fundamental research program. I think you already told us mars is that answer and when you look at the research that remains to be done, the risks that sit in the red most of them, half of them are associated with the extended duration on mars. A mission of three years duration. I dont know of another Research Platform that will provide us extended Research Capability to enter those three year questions. The iss is our choice for that. That is how it should be used. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Thank you. I would like to recognize mr. Brooks. Thank you, mr. Chairman. Mr. Gerstenmeyer, in light of the recent launch failures is nasa reassessing their insight and oversight approach for the developed and, production operations of commercially provided vehicles the service the International Space station . As part of the accident investigation with the space x event that occurred we have part of our commercial crew program, representatives are part of that activity with space x so they are actively